ryerraguntla commented on code in PR #3103:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iggy/pull/3103#discussion_r3431349451


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core/connectors/sinks/s3_sink/src/formatter.rs:
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@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use crate::OutputFormat;
+use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
+use iggy_connector_sdk::{
+    ConsumedMessage, Error, MessagesMetadata, Payload, TopicMetadata, 
owned_value_to_serde_json,
+};
+use serde::Serialize;
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+struct JsonMessage<'a> {
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    offset: Option<u64>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    timestamp: Option<&'a str>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    stream: Option<&'a str>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    topic: Option<&'a str>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    partition_id: Option<u32>,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    headers: Option<Value>,
+    payload: Value,
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn format_message(
+    message: &ConsumedMessage,
+    topic_metadata: &TopicMetadata,
+    messages_metadata: &MessagesMetadata,
+    include_metadata: bool,
+    include_headers: bool,
+    format: OutputFormat,
+) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
+    match format {
+        OutputFormat::JsonLines | OutputFormat::JsonArray => 
format_json_message(
+            message,
+            topic_metadata,
+            messages_metadata,
+            include_metadata,
+            include_headers,
+        ),
+        OutputFormat::Raw => format_raw_message(message),
+    }
+}
+
+fn format_json_message(
+    message: &ConsumedMessage,
+    topic_metadata: &TopicMetadata,
+    messages_metadata: &MessagesMetadata,
+    include_metadata: bool,
+    include_headers: bool,
+) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
+    let ts_str = if include_metadata {
+        Some(timestamp_to_rfc3339(message.timestamp))
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+    let msg = JsonMessage {
+        offset: if include_metadata {
+            Some(message.offset)
+        } else {
+            None
+        },
+        timestamp: ts_str.as_deref(),
+        stream: if include_metadata {
+            Some(&topic_metadata.stream)
+        } else {
+            None
+        },
+        topic: if include_metadata {
+            Some(&topic_metadata.topic)
+        } else {
+            None
+        },
+        partition_id: if include_metadata {
+            Some(messages_metadata.partition_id)
+        } else {
+            None
+        },
+        headers: if include_headers {
+            message.headers.as_ref().map(serialize_headers)
+        } else {
+            None
+        },
+        payload: payload_to_json_value(&message.payload),
+    };
+
+    serde_json::to_vec(&msg).map_err(|e| {
+        Error::CannotStoreData(format!(
+            "Failed to serialize message at offset {}: {e}",
+            message.offset
+        ))
+    })
+}
+
+fn format_raw_message(message: &ConsumedMessage) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
+    message.payload.try_to_bytes().map_err(|e| {
+        Error::CannotStoreData(format!(
+            "Failed to extract raw bytes at offset {}: {e}",
+            message.offset
+        ))
+    })
+}
+
+fn serialize_headers(
+    headers: &std::collections::BTreeMap<iggy_common::HeaderKey, 
iggy_common::HeaderValue>,
+) -> Value {
+    use iggy_common::HeaderKind;
+    use serde_json::Map;
+
+    let mut obj = Map::new();
+    for (key, value) in headers {
+        let key_str = key.as_str().unwrap_or("").to_string();
+        let json_value = match value.kind() {
+            HeaderKind::String => {
+                
Value::String(String::from_utf8_lossy(&value.value()).into_owned())
+            }
+            HeaderKind::Raw => Value::String(base64_encode(&value.value())),
+            HeaderKind::Bool => {
+                let b = !value.value().is_empty() && value.value()[0] != 0;
+                Value::Bool(b)
+            }
+            HeaderKind::Int8 | HeaderKind::Int16 | HeaderKind::Int32 | 
HeaderKind::Int64 => {
+                let s = value.to_string_value();
+                s.parse::<i64>()
+                    .map(|n| Value::Number(n.into()))
+                    .unwrap_or(Value::String(s))
+            }
+            HeaderKind::Uint8 | HeaderKind::Uint16 | HeaderKind::Uint32 | 
HeaderKind::Uint64 => {
+                let s = value.to_string_value();
+                s.parse::<u64>()
+                    .map(|n| Value::Number(n.into()))
+                    .unwrap_or(Value::String(s))
+            }
+            HeaderKind::Float32 | HeaderKind::Float64 => {
+                let s = value.to_string_value();
+                s.parse::<f64>()
+                    .ok()
+                    .and_then(serde_json::Number::from_f64)
+                    .map(Value::Number)
+                    .unwrap_or(Value::String(s))
+            }
+            _ => Value::String(value.to_string_value()),
+        };
+        obj.insert(key_str, json_value);
+    }
+    Value::Object(obj)
+}
+
+fn payload_to_json_value(payload: &Payload) -> Value {
+    match payload {
+        Payload::Json(value) => owned_value_to_serde_json(value),
+        Payload::Text(text) => Value::String(text.clone()),
+        Payload::Raw(bytes) => match serde_json::from_slice(bytes) {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            Err(_) => Value::String(base64_encode(bytes)),
+        },
+        Payload::Proto(text) => Value::String(text.clone()),
+        Payload::FlatBuffer(bytes) => Value::String(base64_encode(bytes)),
+        Payload::Avro(bytes) => Value::String(base64_encode(bytes)),
+    }
+}
+
+fn base64_encode(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
+    use base64::Engine;
+    base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(bytes)
+}
+
+fn timestamp_to_rfc3339(micros: u64) -> String {
+    let secs = (micros / 1_000_000) as i64;
+    let nanos = ((micros % 1_000_000) * 1_000) as u32;
+    DateTime::<Utc>::from_timestamp(secs, nanos)
+        .map(|dt| dt.to_rfc3339_opts(chrono::SecondsFormat::Secs, true))
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| "1970-01-01T00:00:00Z".to_string())
+}
+
+/// Finalize buffer entries into the output byte format.
+/// For JsonArray: byte-concatenation (no re-parse). For JsonLines/Raw: 
newline-separated.
+pub(crate) fn finalize_buffer<'a>(
+    entries: impl Iterator<Item = &'a [u8]>,
+    format: OutputFormat,
+) -> Vec<u8> {
+    match format {

Review Comment:
   OutputFormat::Raw shares the same branch as OutputFormat::JsonLines in 
finalize_buffer, appending \n after every entry:
   
   ```
   OutputFormat::JsonLines | OutputFormat::Raw => {
       result.extend_from_slice(entry);
       result.push(b'\n');    // inserted after every raw binary entry
   }
   ```
   For text payloads this is benign. For arbitrary binary data (protobufs, 
images, compressed data), inserting 0x0A after each message payload corrupts 
the resulting file. A downstream reader cannot distinguish the content byte 
0x0A from the separator. Raw entries should be concatenated without any 
delimiter. 



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