http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-juneau/blob/e6bf97a8/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ObjectList.java
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diff --git a/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ObjectList.java 
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+/***************************************************************************************************************************
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 
contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright 
ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not 
use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express 
or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ 
***************************************************************************************************************************/
+package org.apache.juneau;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.apache.juneau.json.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.parser.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.serializer.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.utils.*;
+
+/**
+ * Java implementation of a JSON array.
+ * <p>
+ *     An extension of {@link LinkedList}, so all methods available to in that 
class are also available
+ *     to this class.
+ * <p>
+ *     Note that the use of this class is optional.  The serializers will 
accept any objects that implement
+ *     the {@link Collection} interface.  But this class provides some useful 
additional functionality
+ *     when working with JSON models constructed from Java Collections 
Framework objects.  For example, a
+ *     constructor is provided for converting a JSON array string directly 
into a {@link List}.  It also contains
+ *     accessor methods for to avoid common typecasting when accessing 
elements in a list.
+ *
+ * <h6 class='topic'>Examples</h6>
+ * <p class='bcode'>
+ *     <jc>// Construct an empty List</jc>
+ *     List l = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList();
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Construct a list of objects using various methods</jc>
+ *     l = <jk>new</jk> 
ObjectList().append(<js>"foo"</js>).append(123).append(<jk>true</jk>);
+ *     l = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList().append(<js>"foo"</js>, 123, 
<jk>true</jk>);  <jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *     l = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList(<js>"foo"</js>, 123, <jk>true</jk>);  
<jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Construct a list of integers from JSON</jc>
+ *     l = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList(<js>"[1,2,3]"</js>);
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Construct a list of generic ObjectMap objects from JSON</jc>
+ *     l = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList(<js>"[{foo:'bar'},{baz:'bing'}]"</js>);
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Construct a list of integers from XML</jc>
+ *     String xml = 
<js>"&lt;array&gt;&lt;number&gt;1&lt;/number&gt;&lt;number&gt;2&lt;/number&gt;&lt;number&gt;3&lt;/number&gt;&lt;/array&gt;"</js>;
+ *     l = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList(xml, DataFormat.<jsf>XML</jsf>);
+ *     l = (List)XmlParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(xml);  <jc>// 
Equivalent</jc>
+ *     l = (List)XmlParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(Object.<jk>class</jk>, 
xml);  <jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *     l = XmlParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(List.<jk>class</jk>, xml);  
<jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *     l = XmlParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(ObjectList.<jk>class</jk>, xml); 
 <jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Construct JSON from ObjectList</jc>
+ *     l = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList(<js>"[{foo:'bar'},{baz:'bing'}]"</js>);
+ *     String json = l.toString();  <jc>// Produces 
"[{foo:'bar'},{baz:'bing'}]"</jc>
+ *     json = l.toString(JsonSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT_CONDENSED</jsf>);  <jc>// 
Equivalent</jc>
+ *     json = JsonSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT_CONDENSED</jsf>.serialize(l);  
<jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Get one of the entries in the list as an Integer</jc>
+ *     l = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList(<js>"[1,2,3]"</js>);
+ *     Integer i = l.getInt(1);
+ *     i = l.get(Integer.<jk>class</jk>, 1);  <jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Get one of the entries in the list as an Float</jc>
+ *     l = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList(<js>"[1,2,3]"</js>);
+ *     Float f = l.getFloat(1); <jc>// Returns 2f </jc>
+ *     f = l.get(Float.<jk>class</jk>, 1);  <jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Same as above, except converted to a String</jc>
+ *     l = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList(<js>"[1,2,3]"</js>);
+ *     String s = l.getString(1); <jc>// Returns "2" </jc>
+ *     s = l.get(String.<jk>class</jk>, 1);  <jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Get one of the entries in the list as a bean (converted to a 
bean if it isn't already one)</jc>
+ *     l = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList(<js>"[{name:'John Smith',age:45}]"</js>);
+ *     Person p = l.get(Person.<jk>class</jk>, 0);
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Iterate over a list of beans using the elements() method</jc>
+ *     ObjectList ObjectList = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList(<js>"[{name:'John 
Smith',age:45}]"</js>);
+ *     <jk>for</jk> (Person p : ObjectList.elements(Person.<jk>class</jk>) {
+ *             <jc>// Do something with p</jc>
+ *     }
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ *     This class is not thread safe.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author James Bognar ([email protected])
+ */
+public class ObjectList extends LinkedList<Object> {
+       private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+       private transient BeanContext beanContext = BeanContext.DEFAULT;
+       private transient PojoRest pojoRest;
+
+       /**
+        * An empty read-only ObjectList.
+        */
+       public static final ObjectList EMPTY_LIST = new ObjectList() {
+               private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+               @Override /* List */
+               public void add(int location, Object object) {
+                       throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+               }
+
+               @Override /* List */
+               public ListIterator<Object> listIterator(final int location) {
+                       return Collections.emptyList().listIterator(location);
+               }
+
+               @Override /* List */
+               public Object remove(int location) {
+                       throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+               }
+
+               @Override /* List */
+               public Object set(int location, Object object) {
+                       throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+               }
+
+               @Override /* List */
+               public List<Object> subList(int start, int end) {
+                       return Collections.emptyList().subList(start, end);
+               }
+       };
+
+       /**
+        * Construct a JSON array directly from text using the specified parser.
+        *
+        * @param s The string being parsed.
+        * @param p The parser to use to parse the input.
+        * @throws ParseException If the input contains a syntax error or is 
malformed.
+        */
+       public ObjectList(CharSequence s, Parser p) throws ParseException {
+               this(p == null ? BeanContext.DEFAULT : p.getBeanContext());
+               if (p == null)
+                       p = JsonParser.DEFAULT;
+               if (s != null)
+                       p.parseIntoCollection(s, this, beanContext.object());
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Shortcut for <code><jk>new</jk> 
ObjectList(String,JsonParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>);</code>
+        *
+        * @param s The string being parsed.
+        * @throws ParseException If the input contains a syntax error or is 
malformed.
+        */
+       public ObjectList(CharSequence s) throws ParseException {
+               this(s, null);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Construct a JSON array directly from a reader using the specified 
parser.
+        *
+        * @param r The reader to read from.  Will automatically be wrapped in 
a {@link BufferedReader} if it isn't already a BufferedReader.
+        * @param p The parser to use to parse the input.
+        * @throws ParseException If the input contains a syntax error or is 
malformed.
+        * @throws IOException If a problem occurred trying to read from the 
reader.
+        */
+       public ObjectList(Reader r, Parser p) throws ParseException, 
IOException {
+               parseReader(r, p);
+       }
+
+       private void parseReader(Reader r, Parser p) throws ParseException {
+               if (p == null)
+                       p = JsonParser.DEFAULT;
+               p.parseIntoCollection(r, this, beanContext.object());
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Construct an empty JSON array. (i.e. an empty {@link LinkedList}).
+        */
+       public ObjectList() {
+               this(BeanContext.DEFAULT);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Construct an empty JSON array with the specified bean context. (i.e. 
an empty {@link LinkedList}).
+        *
+        * @param beanContext The bean context to associate with this object 
list for creating beans.
+        */
+       public ObjectList(BeanContext beanContext) {
+               super();
+               this.beanContext = beanContext;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Construct a JSON array and fill it with the specified objects.
+        *
+        * @param o A list of objects to add to this list.
+        */
+       public ObjectList(Object... o) {
+               super(Arrays.asList(o));
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Construct a JSON array and fill it with the specified collection of 
objects.
+        *
+        * @param c A list of objects to add to this list.
+        */
+       public ObjectList(Collection<?> c) {
+               super(c);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Override the default bean context used for converting POJOs.
+        * <p>
+        * Default is {@link BeanContext#DEFAULT}, which is sufficient in most 
cases.
+        * <p>
+        * Useful if you're serializing/parsing beans with transforms defined.
+        *
+        * @param beanContext The new bean context.
+        * @return This object (for method chaining).
+        */
+       public ObjectList setBeanContext(BeanContext beanContext) {
+               this.beanContext = beanContext;
+               return this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Convenience method for adding multiple objects to this list.
+        * @param o The objects to add to the list.
+        * @return This object (for method chaining).
+        */
+       public ObjectList append(Object...o) {
+               for (Object o2 : o)
+                       add(o2);
+               return this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Get the entry at the specified index, converted to the specified 
type (if possible).
+        * <p>
+        *      See {@link BeanContext#convertToType(Object, ClassMeta)} for 
the list of valid data conversions.
+        *
+        * @param type The type of object to convert the entry to.
+        * @param index The index into this list.
+        * @param <T> The type of object to convert the entry to.
+        * @return The converted entry.
+        */
+       public <T> T get(Class<T> type, int index) {
+               return beanContext.convertToType(get(index), type);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Shortcut for calling <code>get(String.<jk>class</jk>, index)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param index The index.
+        * @return The converted value.
+        */
+       public String getString(int index) {
+               return get(String.class, index);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Shortcut for calling <code>get(Integer.<jk>class</jk>, index)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param index The index.
+        * @return The converted value.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Integer getInt(int index) {
+               return get(Integer.class, index);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Shortcut for calling <code>get(Boolean.<jk>class</jk>, index)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param index The index.
+        * @return The converted value.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Boolean getBoolean(int index) {
+               return get(Boolean.class, index);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Shortcut for calling <code>get(Long.<jk>class</jk>, index)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param index The index.
+        * @return The converted value.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Long getLong(int index) {
+               return get(Long.class, index);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Shortcut for calling <code>get(Map.<jk>class</jk>, index)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param index The index.
+        * @return The converted value.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Map<?,?> getMap(int index) {
+               return get(Map.class, index);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Shortcut for calling <code>get(List.<jk>class</jk>, index)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param index The index.
+        * @return The converted value.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public List<?> getList(int index) {
+               return get(List.class, index);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Shortcut for calling <code>get(ObjectMap.<jk>class</jk>, 
index)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param index The index.
+        * @return The converted value.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap getObjectMap(int index) {
+               return get(ObjectMap.class, index);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Shortcut for calling <code>get(ObjectList.<jk>class</jk>, 
index)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param index The index.
+        * @return The converted value.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public ObjectList getObjectList(int index) {
+               return get(ObjectList.class, index);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Same as {@link #get(Class,int) get(Class,int)}, but the key is a 
slash-delimited
+        *      path used to traverse entries in this POJO.
+        * <p>
+        *      For example, the following code is equivalent:
+        * </p>
+        * <p class='bcode'>
+        *      ObjectMap m = getObjectMap();
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Long way</jc>
+        *      <jk>long</jk> l = 
m.getObjectMap(<js>"foo"</js>).getObjectList(<js>"bar"</js>).getObjectMap(<js>"0"</js>).getLong(<js>"baz"</js>);
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Using this method</jc>
+        *      <jk>long</jk> l = m.getAt(<jk>long</jk>.<jk>class</jk>, 
<js>"foo/bar/0/baz"</js>);
+        * </p>
+        * <p>
+        *      This method uses the {@link PojoRest} class to perform the 
lookup, so the map can contain
+        *              any of the various class types that the {@link 
PojoRest} class supports (e.g. beans, collections, arrays).
+        * </p>
+        *
+        * @param <T> The class type.
+        * @param type The class type.
+        * @param path The path to the entry.
+        * @return The value, or <jk>null</jk> if the entry doesn't exist.
+        */
+       public <T> T getAt(Class<T> type, String path) {
+               return getPojoRest().get(type, path);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Same as {@link #set(int,Object) set(int,Object)}, but the key is a 
slash-delimited
+        *      path used to traverse entries in this POJO.
+        * <p>
+        *      For example, the following code is equivalent:
+        * </p>
+        * <p class='bcode'>
+        *      ObjectMap m = getObjectMap();
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Long way</jc>
+        *      
m.getObjectMap(<js>"foo"</js>).getObjectList(<js>"bar"</js>).getObjectMap(<js>"0"</js>).put(<js>"baz"</js>,
 123);
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Using this method</jc>
+        *      m.putAt(<js>"foo/bar/0/baz"</js>, 123);
+        * </p>
+        * <p>
+        *      This method uses the {@link PojoRest} class to perform the 
lookup, so the map can contain
+        *              any of the various class types that the {@link 
PojoRest} class supports (e.g. beans, collections, arrays).
+        * </p>
+        *
+        * @param path The path to the entry.
+        * @param o The new value.
+        * @return The previous value, or <jk>null</jk> if the entry doesn't 
exist.
+        */
+       public Object putAt(String path, Object o) {
+               return getPojoRest().put(path, o);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Similar to {@link #putAt(String,Object) putAt(String,Object)}, but 
used to append
+        *      to collections and arrays.
+        * <p>
+        *      For example, the following code is equivalent:
+        * </p>
+        * <p class='bcode'>
+        *      ObjectMap m = getObjectMap();
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Long way</jc>
+        *      
m.getObjectMap(<js>"foo"</js>).getObjectList(<js>"bar"</js>).append(123);
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Using this method</jc>
+        *      m.postAt(<js>"foo/bar"</js>, 123);
+        * </p>
+        * <p>
+        *      This method uses the {@link PojoRest} class to perform the 
lookup, so the map can contain
+        *              any of the various class types that the {@link 
PojoRest} class supports (e.g. beans, collections, arrays).
+        * </p>
+        *
+        * @param path The path to the entry.
+        * @param o The new value.
+        * @return The previous value, or <jk>null</jk> if the entry doesn't 
exist.
+        */
+       public Object postAt(String path, Object o) {
+               return getPojoRest().post(path, o);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Similar to {@link #remove(int) remove(int)},but the key is a 
slash-delimited
+        *      path used to traverse entries in this POJO.
+        * <p>
+        *      For example, the following code is equivalent:
+        * </p>
+        * <p class='bcode'>
+        *      ObjectMap m = getObjectMap();
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Long way</jc>
+        *      
m.getObjectMap(<js>"foo"</js>).getObjectList(<js>"bar"</js>).getObjectMap(1).remove(<js>"baz"</js>);
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Using this method</jc>
+        *      m.deleteAt(<js>"foo/bar/0/baz"</js>);
+        * </p>
+        * <p>
+        *      This method uses the {@link PojoRest} class to perform the 
lookup, so the map can contain
+        *              any of the various class types that the {@link 
PojoRest} class supports (e.g. beans, collections, arrays).
+        * </p>
+        *
+        * @param path The path to the entry.
+        * @return The previous value, or <jk>null</jk> if the entry doesn't 
exist.
+        */
+       public Object deleteAt(String path) {
+               return getPojoRest().delete(path);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Creates an {@link Iterable} with elements of the specified child 
type.
+        * <p>
+        * Attempts to convert the child objects to the correct type if they 
aren't already the correct type.
+        * <p>
+        * The <code>next()</code> method on the returned iterator may throw a 
{@link InvalidDataConversionException} if
+        *      the next element cannot be converted to the specified type.
+        * <p>
+        * See {@link BeanContext#convertToType(Object, ClassMeta)} for a 
description of valid conversions.
+        *
+        * <dl>
+        *      <dt>Example:</dt>
+        *      <dd>
+        *              <p class='bcode'>
+        *      <jc>// Iterate over a list of ObjectMaps.</jc>
+        *      ObjectList l = <jk>new</jk> 
ObjectList(<js>"[{foo:'bar'},{baz:123}]"</js>);
+        *      for (ObjectMap m : l.elements(ObjectMap.<jk>class</jk>)) {
+        *              <jc>// Do something with m.</jc>
+        *      }
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Iterate over a list of ints.</jc>
+        *      ObjectList l = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList(<js>"[1,2,3]"</js>);
+        *      for (Integer i : l.elements(Integer.<jk>class</jk>)) {
+        *              <jc>// Do something with i.</jc>
+        *      }
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Iterate over a list of beans.</jc>
+        *      <jc>// Automatically converts to beans.</jc>
+        *      ObjectList l = <jk>new</jk> ObjectList(<js>"[{name:'John 
Smith',age:45}]"</js>);
+        *      for (Person p : l.elements(Person.<jk>class</jk>)) {
+        *              <jc>// Do something with p.</jc>
+        *      }
+        *              </p>
+        *      </dd>
+        * </dl>
+        *
+        * @param <E> The child object type.
+        * @param childType The child object type.
+        * @return A new <code>Iterable</code> object over this list.
+        */
+       public <E> Iterable<E> elements(final Class<E> childType) {
+               final Iterator<?> i = iterator();
+               return new Iterable<E>() {
+
+                       @Override /* Iterable */
+                       public Iterator<E> iterator() {
+                               return new Iterator<E>() {
+
+                                       @Override /* Iterator */
+                                       public boolean hasNext() {
+                                               return i.hasNext();
+                                       }
+
+                                       @Override /* Iterator */
+                                       public E next() {
+                                               return 
beanContext.convertToType(i.next(), childType);
+                                       }
+
+                                       @Override /* Iterator */
+                                       public void remove() {
+                                               i.remove();
+                                       }
+
+                               };
+                       }
+               };
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the {@link ClassMeta} of the class of the object at the 
specified index.
+        *
+        * @param index An index into this list, zero-based.
+        * @return The data type of the object at the specified index, or 
<jk>null</jk> if the value is null.
+        */
+       public ClassMeta<?> getClassMeta(int index) {
+               return beanContext.getClassMetaForObject(get(index));
+       }
+
+       private PojoRest getPojoRest() {
+               if (pojoRest == null)
+                       pojoRest = new PojoRest(this);
+               return pojoRest;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Serialize this array to a string using the specified serializer.
+        *
+        * @param serializer The serializer to use to convert this object to a 
string.
+        * @return This object as a serialized string.
+        * @throws SerializeException If a problem occurred trying to convert 
the output.
+        */
+       public String toString(WriterSerializer serializer) throws 
SerializeException {
+               return serializer.serialize(this);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Serialize this array to JSON using the {@link 
JsonSerializer#DEFAULT} serializer.
+        */
+       @Override /* Object */
+       public String toString() {
+               try {
+                       return this.toString(JsonSerializer.DEFAULT_LAX);
+               } catch (SerializeException e) {
+                       return e.getLocalizedMessage();
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Convenience method for serializing this ObjectList to the specified 
Writer using
+        * the JsonSerializer.DEFAULT serializer.
+        *
+        * @param w The writer to send the serialized contents of this object.
+        * @throws IOException If a problem occurred trying to write to the 
writer.
+        * @throws SerializeException If a problem occurred trying to convert 
the output.
+        */
+       public void serializeTo(Writer w) throws IOException, 
SerializeException {
+               JsonSerializer.DEFAULT.serialize(this);
+       }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-juneau/blob/e6bf97a8/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ObjectMap.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ObjectMap.java 
b/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ObjectMap.java
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/ObjectMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1404 @@
+/***************************************************************************************************************************
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 
contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright 
ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not 
use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express 
or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ 
***************************************************************************************************************************/
+package org.apache.juneau;
+
+import static org.apache.juneau.internal.ClassUtils.*;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.apache.juneau.internal.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.json.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.parser.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.serializer.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.transform.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.transforms.*;
+import org.apache.juneau.utils.*;
+
+/**
+ * Java implementation of a JSON object.
+ * <p>
+ *     An extension of {@link LinkedHashMap}, so all methods available in that 
class are also available
+ *     to this class.
+ * <p>
+ *     Note that the use of this class is optional.  The serializers will 
accept any objects that implement
+ *     the {@link java.util.Map} interface.  But this class provides some 
useful additional functionality
+ *     when working with JSON models constructed from Java Collections 
Framework objects.  For example, a
+ *     constructor is provided for converting a JSON object string directly 
into a {@link Map}.  It also contains
+ *     accessor methods for to avoid common typecasting when accessing 
elements in a list.
+ *
+ * <h6 class='topic'>Examples</h6>
+ * <p class='bcode'>
+ *     <jc>// Construct an empty Map</jc>
+ *     Map m = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap();
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Construct a Map from JSON</jc>
+ *     String json = <js>"{a:'A',b:{c:'C',d:123}}"</js>;
+ *     m = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(json);
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Construct a Map using the append method</jc>
+ *     m = <jk>new</jk> 
ObjectMap().append(<js>"foo"</js>,<js>"x"</js>).append(<js>"bar"</js>,123).append(<js>"baz"</js>,<jk>true</jk>);
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Construct a Map from XML generated by XmlSerializer</jc>
+ *     String xml = <js>"&lt;object&gt;&lt;a type='string'&gt;A&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b 
type='object'&gt;&lt;c type='string'&gt;C&lt;/c&gt;&lt;d 
type='number'&gt;123&lt;/d&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/object&gt;"</js>;
+ *     m = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(xml, DataFormat.<jsf>XML</jsf>);
+ *     m = (Map)XmlParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(xml); <jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *     m = (Map)XmlParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(Object.<jk>class</jk>, 
xml); <jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *     m = XmlParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(Map.<jk>class</jk>, xml); <jc>// 
Equivalent</jc>
+ *     m = XmlParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(ObjectMap.<jk>class</jk>, xml); 
<jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Construct a Map from a URL GET parameter string generated by 
UrlEncodingParser</jc>
+ *     String urlParams = <js>"?a='A'&amp;b={c:'C',d:123}"</js>;
+ *     m = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(urlParams, DataFormat.<jsf>URLPARAM</jsf>);
+ *     m = 
(Map)UrlEncodingParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(Object.<jk>class</jk>, xml); 
<jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *     m = UrlEncodingParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(Map.<jk>class</jk>, 
xml); <jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *     m = 
UrlEncodingParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>.parse(ObjectMap.<jk>class</jk>, xml); 
<jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Construct JSON from ObjectMap</jc>
+ *     m = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(<js>"{foo:'bar'},{baz:[123,true]}"</js>);
+ *     json = m.toString();  <jc>// Produces 
"{foo:'bar'},{baz:[123,true]}"</jc>
+ *     json = m.toString(JsonSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT_CONDENSED</jsf>);  <jc>// 
Equivalent</jc>
+ *     json = JsonSerializer.<jsf>DEFAULT_CONDENSED</jsf>.serialize(m);  
<jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Get a map entry as an Integer</jc>
+ *     m = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(<js>"{foo:123}"</js>);
+ *     Integer i = m.getInt(<js>"foo"</js>);
+ *     i = m.get(Integer.<jk>class</jk>, <js>"foo"</js>);  <jc>// 
Equivalent</jc>
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Get a map entry as a Float</jc>
+ *     m = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(<js>"{foo:123}"</js>);
+ *     Float f = m.getFloat(<js>"foo"</js>);
+ *     f = m.get(Float.<jk>class</jk>, <js>"foo"</js>);  <jc>// Equivalent</jc>
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Same as above, except converted to a String</jc>
+ *     m = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(<js>"{foo:123}"</js>);
+ *     String s = m.getString(<js>"foo"</js>); <jc>// Returns "123"</jc>
+ *     s = m.get(String.<jk>class</jk>, <js>"foo"</js>);  <jc>// 
Equivalent</jc>
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Get one of the entries in the list as a bean (converted to a 
bean if it isn't already one)</jc>
+ *     m = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(<js>"{person:{name:'John 
Smith',age:45}}"</js>);
+ *     Person p = m.get(Person.<jk>class</jk>, <js>"person"</js>);
+ *
+ *     <jc>// Add an inner map</jc>
+ *     ObjectMap m1 = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(<js>"{a:1}"</js>);
+ *     ObjectMap m2 = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(<js>"{b:2}"</js>).setInner(m1);
+ *     <jk>int</jk> a = m2.getInt(<js>"a"</js>);  <jc>// a == 1 </jc>
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ *     This class is not thread safe.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author James Bognar ([email protected])
+ */
+public class ObjectMap extends LinkedHashMap<String,Object> {
+       private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+       private transient BeanContext beanContext = BeanContext.DEFAULT;
+       private ObjectMap inner;
+       private transient PojoRest pojoRest;
+
+       /**
+        * An empty read-only ObjectMap.
+        */
+       public static final ObjectMap EMPTY_MAP = new ObjectMap() {
+
+               private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+               @Override /* Map */
+               @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+               public Set<Map.Entry<String,Object>> entrySet() {
+                       return Collections.EMPTY_MAP.entrySet();
+               }
+
+               @Override /* Map */
+               @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+               public Set<String> keySet() {
+                       return Collections.EMPTY_MAP.keySet();
+               }
+
+               @Override /* Map */
+               public Object put(String key, Object value) {
+                       throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+               }
+
+               @Override /* Map */
+               public Object remove(Object key) {
+                       throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+               }
+
+               @Override /* Map */
+               public Collection<Object> values() {
+                       return Collections.emptyMap().values();
+               }
+       };
+
+       /**
+        * Construct an ObjectMap directly from a string using the specified 
parser.
+        *
+        * @param s The string being parsed.
+        * @param p The parser to use to parse the input.
+        * @throws ParseException If the input contains a syntax error or is 
malformed.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap(CharSequence s, Parser p) throws ParseException {
+               this(p == null ? BeanContext.DEFAULT : p.getBeanContext());
+               if (p == null)
+                       p = JsonParser.DEFAULT;
+               if (s != null)
+                       p.parseIntoMap(s, this, beanContext.string(), 
beanContext.object());
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Shortcut for <code><jk>new</jk> 
ObjectMap(string,JsonParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>);</code>
+        *
+        * @param s The JSON text to parse.
+        * @throws ParseException If the input contains a syntax error or is 
malformed.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap(CharSequence s) throws ParseException {
+               this(s, null);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Construct an ObjectMap directly from a reader using the specified 
parser.
+        *
+        * @param r The reader to read from.  The reader will be wrapped in a 
{@link BufferedReader} if it isn't already.
+        * @param p The parser to use to parse the input.
+        * @throws ParseException If the input contains a syntax error or is 
malformed.
+        * @throws IOException If a problem occurred trying to read from the 
reader.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap(Reader r, Parser p) throws ParseException, IOException 
{
+               parseReader(r, p);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Shortcut for <code><jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(reader, 
JsonParser.<jsf>DEFAULT</jsf>)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param r The reader to read from.  The reader will be wrapped in a 
{@link BufferedReader} if it isn't already.
+        * @throws ParseException If the input contains a syntax error or is 
malformed.
+        * @throws IOException If a problem occurred trying to read from the 
reader.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap(Reader r) throws ParseException, IOException {
+               parseReader(r, JsonParser.DEFAULT);
+       }
+
+       private void parseReader(Reader r, Parser p) throws ParseException {
+               if (p == null)
+                       p = JsonParser.DEFAULT;
+               p.parseIntoMap(r, this, beanContext.string(), 
beanContext.object());
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Construct an empty JSON object (i.e. an empty {@link LinkedHashMap}).
+        */
+       public ObjectMap() {
+               this(BeanContext.DEFAULT);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Construct an empty JSON object (i.e. an empty {@link LinkedHashMap}) 
with the specified bean context.
+        *
+        * @param beanContext The bean context to use for creating beans.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap(BeanContext beanContext) {
+               super();
+               this.beanContext = beanContext;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Construct a JSON object and fill it with the contents from the 
specified {@link Map}.
+        *
+        * @param m The map whose entries will be copied into this map.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap(Map<?,?> m) {
+               super();
+               for (Map.Entry<?,?> e : m.entrySet())
+                       put(e.getKey().toString(), e.getValue());
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Set an inner map in this map to allow for chained get calls.
+        * <p>
+        * If {@link #get(Object)} returns <jk>null</jk>, then {@link 
#get(Object)} will be called on the inner map.
+        * <p>
+        * In addition to providing the ability to chain maps, this method also 
provides the ability
+        * to wrap an existing map inside another map so that you can add 
entries to the outer
+        * map without affecting the values on the inner map.
+        * <p class='bcode'>
+        *      ObjectMap m1 = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap(<js>"{foo:1}"</js>);
+        *      ObjectMap m2 = <jk>new</jk> ObjectMap().setInner(m1);
+        *      m2.put(<js>"foo"</js>, 2);                      <jc>// 
Overwrite the entry</jc>
+        *      <jk>int</jk> foo1 = m1.getInt(<js>"foo"</js>);           <jc>// 
foo1 == 1 </jc>
+        *      <jk>int</jk> foo2 = m2.getInt(<js>"foo"</js>);           <jc>// 
foo2 == 2 </jc>
+        * </p>
+        *
+        * @param inner The inner map.
+        *      Can be <jk>null</jk> to remove the inner map from an existing 
map.
+        * @return This object (for method chaining).
+        */
+       public ObjectMap setInner(ObjectMap inner) {
+               this.inner = inner;
+               return this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Searches for the specified key in this map ignoring case.
+        *
+        * @param key The key to search for.  For performance reasons, it's 
preferrable that the key be all lowercase.
+        * @return The key, or <jk>null</jk> if map does not contain this key.
+        */
+       public String findKeyIgnoreCase(String key) {
+               for (String k : keySet())
+                       if (key.equalsIgnoreCase(k))
+                               return k;
+               return null;
+       }
+
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the inner map if one was set through {@link 
#setInner(ObjectMap)}.
+        *
+        * @return The inner map if one was set through {@link 
#setInner(ObjectMap)}, or <jk>null</jk> if no inner map is present.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap getInner() {
+               return inner;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Override the default bean context used for converting POJOs.
+        * <p>
+        * Default is {@link BeanContext#DEFAULT}, which is sufficient in most 
cases.
+        * <p>
+        * Useful if you're serializing/parsing beans with transforms defined.
+        *
+        * @param beanContext The new bean context.
+        * @return This object (for method chaining).
+        */
+       public ObjectMap setBeanContext(BeanContext beanContext) {
+               this.beanContext = beanContext;
+               return this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the {@link BeanContext} currently associated with this map.
+        *
+        * @return The {@link BeanContext} currently associated with this map.
+        */
+       public BeanContext getBeanContext() {
+               return beanContext;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Convenience method for adding multiple objects to this map.
+        * <p>
+        *      Equivalent to calling {@code put(key, value)}, but returns
+        *      this map so that the method can be chained.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param value The value.
+        * @return This object (for method chaining).
+        */
+       public ObjectMap append(String key, Object value) {
+               put(key, value);
+               return this;
+       }
+
+       @Override /* Map */
+       public Object get(Object key) {
+               Object o = super.get(key);
+               if (o == null && inner != null)
+                       o = inner.get(key);
+               return o;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Same as {@link Map#get(Object) get()}, but returns the default value 
if the key
+        * could not be found.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param def The default value if the entry doesn't exist.
+        * @return The value, or the default value if the entry doesn't exist.
+        */
+       public Object get(String key, Object def) {
+               Object o = get(key);
+               return (o == null ? def : o);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Same as {@link Map#get(Object) get()}, but casts or converts the 
value to the specified class type.
+        * <p>
+        *      See {@link BeanContext#convertToType(Object, ClassMeta)} for 
the list of valid data conversions.
+        *
+        * @param <T> The class type.
+        * @param type The class type.
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @return The value, or <jk>null</jk> if the entry doesn't exist.
+        */
+       public <T> T get(Class<T> type, String key) {
+               return get(type, key, null);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Same as {@link Map#get(Object) get()}, but converts the raw value to 
the specified class type using the specified transform.
+        *
+        * @param <T> The transformed class type.
+        * @param transform The transform class used to convert the raw type to 
a transformed type.
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @return The value, or <jk>null</jk> if the entry doesn't exist.
+        * @throws ParseException Thrown by the transform if a problem occurred 
trying to parse the value.
+        */
+       @SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
+       public <T> T get(PojoTransform<T,?> transform, String key) throws 
ParseException {
+               Object o = super.get(key);
+               if (o == null)
+                       return null;
+               PojoTransform f = transform;
+               return (T)f.normalize(o, null);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Same as {@link Map#get(Object) get()}, but casts or converts the 
value to the specified class type.
+        * <p>
+        *      See {@link BeanContext#convertToType(Object, ClassMeta)} for 
the list of valid data conversions.
+        *
+        * @param <T> The class type.
+        * @param type The class type.
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param def The default value if the entry doesn't exist.
+        * @return The value, or the default value if the entry doesn't exist.
+        */
+       public <T> T get(Class<T> type, String key, T def) {
+               Object o = get(key);
+               if (o == null)
+                       return def;
+               T t = beanContext.convertToType(o, type);
+               if (t == null)
+                       return def;
+               return t;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Same as {@link Map#get(Object) get()}, but casts or converts the 
value to the specified class type.
+        * <p>
+        *      See {@link BeanContext#convertToType(Object, ClassMeta)} for 
the list of valid data conversions.
+        *
+        * @param <T> The class type.
+        * @param type The class type.
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @return The value, or the default value if the entry doesn't exist.
+        */
+       public <T> T get(ClassMeta<T> type, String key) {
+               return get(type, key, null);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Same as {@link Map#get(Object) get()}, but casts or converts the 
value to the specified class type.
+        * <p>
+        *      See {@link BeanContext#convertToType(Object, ClassMeta)} for 
the list of valid data conversions.
+        *
+        * @param <T> The class type.
+        * @param type The class type.
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param def The default value if the entry doesn't exist.
+        * @return The value, or the default value if the entry doesn't exist.
+        */
+       public <T> T get(ClassMeta<T> type, String key, T def) {
+               Object o = get(key);
+               if (o == null)
+                       return def;
+               return beanContext.convertToType(o, type);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the value for the first key in the list that has an entry in 
this map.
+        *
+        * @param keys The keys to look up in order.
+        * @return The value of the first entry whose key exists, or 
<jk>null</jk> if none of the keys exist in this map.
+        */
+       public Object find(String...keys) {
+               for (String key : keys)
+                       if (containsKey(key))
+                               return get(key);
+               return null;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the value for the first key in the list that has an entry in 
this map.
+        * <p>
+        *      Casts or converts the value to the specified class type.
+        * <p>
+        *      See {@link BeanContext#convertToType(Object, ClassMeta)} for 
the list of valid data conversions.
+        *
+        * @param type The class type to convert the value to.
+        * @param <T> The class type to convert the value to.
+        * @param keys The keys to look up in order.
+        * @return The value of the first entry whose key exists, or 
<jk>null</jk> if none of the keys exist in this map.
+        */
+       public <T> T find(Class<T> type, String...keys) {
+               for (String key : keys)
+                       if (containsKey(key))
+                               return get(type, key);
+               return null;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Same as {@link #get(Class,String) get(Class,String)}, but the key is 
a slash-delimited
+        *      path used to traverse entries in this POJO.
+        * <p>
+        *      For example, the following code is equivalent:
+        * </p>
+        * <p class='bcode'>
+        *      ObjectMap m = getObjectMap();
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Long way</jc>
+        *      <jk>long</jk> l = 
m.getObjectMap(<js>"foo"</js>).getObjectList(<js>"bar"</js>).getObjectMap(<js>"0"</js>).getLong(<js>"baz"</js>);
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Using this method</jc>
+        *      <jk>long</jk> l = m.getAt(<jk>long</jk>.<jk>class</jk>, 
<js>"foo/bar/0/baz"</js>);
+        * </p>
+        * <p>
+        *      This method uses the {@link PojoRest} class to perform the 
lookup, so the map can contain
+        *              any of the various class types that the {@link 
PojoRest} class supports (e.g. beans, collections, arrays).
+        * </p>
+        *
+        * @param <T> The class type.
+        * @param type The class type.
+        * @param path The path to the entry.
+        * @return The value, or <jk>null</jk> if the entry doesn't exist.
+        */
+       public <T> T getAt(Class<T> type, String path) {
+               return getPojoRest().get(type, path);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Same as <code>put(String,Object)</code>, but the key is a 
slash-delimited
+        *      path used to traverse entries in this POJO.
+        * <p>
+        *      For example, the following code is equivalent:
+        * </p>
+        * <p class='bcode'>
+        *      ObjectMap m = getObjectMap();
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Long way</jc>
+        *      
m.getObjectMap(<js>"foo"</js>).getObjectList(<js>"bar"</js>).getObjectMap(<js>"0"</js>).put(<js>"baz"</js>,
 123);
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Using this method</jc>
+        *      m.putAt(<js>"foo/bar/0/baz"</js>, 123);
+        * </p>
+        * <p>
+        *      This method uses the {@link PojoRest} class to perform the 
lookup, so the map can contain
+        *              any of the various class types that the {@link 
PojoRest} class supports (e.g. beans, collections, arrays).
+        * </p>
+        *
+        * @param path The path to the entry.
+        * @param o The new value.
+        * @return The previous value, or <jk>null</jk> if the entry doesn't 
exist.
+        */
+       public Object putAt(String path, Object o) {
+               return getPojoRest().put(path, o);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Similar to {@link #putAt(String,Object) putAt(String,Object)}, but 
used to append
+        *      to collections and arrays.
+        * <p>
+        *      For example, the following code is equivalent:
+        * </p>
+        * <p class='bcode'>
+        *      ObjectMap m = getObjectMap();
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Long way</jc>
+        *      
m.getObjectMap(<js>"foo"</js>).getObjectList(<js>"bar"</js>).append(123);
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Using this method</jc>
+        *      m.postAt(<js>"foo/bar"</js>, 123);
+        * </p>
+        * <p>
+        *      This method uses the {@link PojoRest} class to perform the 
lookup, so the map can contain
+        *              any of the various class types that the {@link 
PojoRest} class supports (e.g. beans, collections, arrays).
+        * </p>
+        *
+        * @param path The path to the entry.
+        * @param o The new value.
+        * @return The previous value, or <jk>null</jk> if the entry doesn't 
exist.
+        */
+       public Object postAt(String path, Object o) {
+               return getPojoRest().post(path, o);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Similar to {@link #remove(Object) remove(Object)},but the key is a 
slash-delimited
+        *      path used to traverse entries in this POJO.
+        * <p>
+        *      For example, the following code is equivalent:
+        * </p>
+        * <p class='bcode'>
+        *      ObjectMap m = getObjectMap();
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Long way</jc>
+        *      
m.getObjectMap(<js>"foo"</js>).getObjectList(<js>"bar"</js>).getObjectMap(1).remove(<js>"baz"</js>);
+        *
+        *      <jc>// Using this method</jc>
+        *      m.deleteAt(<js>"foo/bar/0/baz"</js>);
+        * </p>
+        * <p>
+        *      This method uses the {@link PojoRest} class to perform the 
lookup, so the map can contain
+        *              any of the various class types that the {@link 
PojoRest} class supports (e.g. beans, collections, arrays).
+        * </p>
+        *
+        * @param path The path to the entry.
+        * @return The previous value, or <jk>null</jk> if the entry doesn't 
exist.
+        */
+       public Object deleteAt(String path) {
+               return getPojoRest().delete(path);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Convenience method for inserting JSON directly into an attribute on 
this object.
+        * <p>
+        *      The JSON text can be an object (i.e. <js>"{...}"</js>) or an 
array (i.e. <js>"[...]"</js>).
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param json The JSON text that will be parsed into an Object and 
then inserted into this map.
+        * @throws ParseException If the input contains a syntax error or is 
malformed.
+        */
+       public void putJson(String key, String json) throws ParseException {
+               this.put(key, JsonParser.DEFAULT.parse(json, Object.class));
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link String}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(String.<jk>class</jk>, key)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @return The converted value, or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no 
mapping for this key.
+        */
+       public String getString(String key) {
+               return get(String.class, key);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Specialized method that calls {@link #getString(String)} and splits 
the
+        *      results as a simple comma-delimited list.
+        *
+        * @param key the key.
+        * @return A list of tokens, trimmed of whitespace.  An empty list if 
entry not found.  Never <jk>null</jk>.
+        */
+       public String[] getStringArray(String key) {
+               String s = get(String.class, key);
+               return (s == null ? new String[0] : StringUtils.split(s, ','));
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Same as {@link #getStringArray(String)} but returns a default value 
if the value cannot be found.
+        *
+        * @param key The map key.
+        * @param def The default value if value is not found.
+        * @return The value converted to a string array.
+        */
+       public String[] getStringArray(String key, String[] def) {
+               String s = get(String.class, key);
+               String[] r = (s == null ? new String[0] : StringUtils.split(s, 
','));
+               return (r.length == 0 ? def : r);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link String}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(String.<jk>class</jk>, key, 
defVal)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param defVal The default value if the map doesn't contain the 
specified mapping.
+        * @return The converted value, or the default value if the map 
contains no mapping for this key.
+        */
+       public String getString(String key, String defVal) {
+               return get(String.class, key, defVal);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to an {@link Integer}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(Integer.<jk>class</jk>, key)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @return The converted value, or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no 
mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Integer getInt(String key) {
+               return get(Integer.class, key);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to an {@link Integer}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(Integer.<jk>class</jk>, key, 
defVal)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param defVal The default value if the map doesn't contain the 
specified mapping.
+        * @return The converted value, or the default value if the map 
contains no mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Integer getInt(String key, Integer defVal) {
+               return get(Integer.class, key, defVal);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link Long}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(Long.<jk>class</jk>, key)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @return The converted value, or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no 
mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Long getLong(String key) {
+               return get(Long.class, key);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link Long}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(Long.<jk>class</jk>, key, defVal)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param defVal The default value if the map doesn't contain the 
specified mapping.
+        * @return The converted value, or the default value if the map 
contains no mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Long getLong(String key, Long defVal) {
+               return get(Long.class, key, defVal);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link Boolean}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(Boolean.<jk>class</jk>, key)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @return The converted value, or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no 
mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Boolean getBoolean(String key) {
+               return get(Boolean.class, key);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link Boolean}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(Boolean.<jk>class</jk>, key, 
defVal)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param defVal The default value if the map doesn't contain the 
specified mapping.
+        * @return The converted value, or the default value if the map 
contains no mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Boolean getBoolean(String key, Boolean defVal) {
+               return get(Boolean.class, key, defVal);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link Map}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(Map.<jk>class</jk>, key)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @return The converted value, or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no 
mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Map<?,?> getMap(String key) {
+               return get(Map.class, key);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link Map}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(Map.<jk>class</jk>, key, defVal)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param defVal The default value if the map doesn't contain the 
specified mapping.
+        * @return The converted value, or the default value if the map 
contains no mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Map<?,?> getMap(String key, Map<?,?> defVal) {
+               return get(Map.class, key, defVal);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link List}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(List.<jk>class</jk>, key)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @return The converted value, or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no 
mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public List<?> getList(String key) {
+               return get(List.class, key);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link List}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(List.<jk>class</jk>, key, defVal)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param defVal The default value if the map doesn't contain the 
specified mapping.
+        * @return The converted value, or the default value if the map 
contains no mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public List<?> getList(String key, List<?> defVal) {
+               return get(List.class, key, defVal);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link Map}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(ObjectMap.<jk>class</jk>, key)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @return The converted value, or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no 
mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap getObjectMap(String key) {
+               return get(ObjectMap.class, key);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link ObjectMap}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(ObjectMap.<jk>class</jk>, key, 
defVal)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param defVal The default value if the map doesn't contain the 
specified mapping.
+        * @return The converted value, or the default value if the map 
contains no mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap getObjectMap(String key, ObjectMap defVal) {
+               return get(ObjectMap.class, key, defVal);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link ObjectList}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(ObjectList.<jk>class</jk>, key)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @return The converted value, or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no 
mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public ObjectList getObjectList(String key) {
+               return get(ObjectList.class, key);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the specified entry value converted to a {@link ObjectList}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>get(ObjectList.<jk>class</jk>, key, 
defVal)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param defVal The default value if the map doesn't contain the 
specified mapping.
+        * @return The converted value, or the default value if the map 
contains no mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public ObjectList getObjectList(String key, ObjectList defVal) {
+               return get(ObjectList.class, key, defVal);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the first entry that exists converted to a {@link String}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>find(String.<jk>class</jk>, keys)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param keys The list of keys to look for.
+        * @return The converted value of the first key in the list that has an 
entry in this map,
+        *      or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no mapping for any of the 
keys.
+        */
+       public String findString(String... keys) {
+               return find(String.class, keys);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the first entry that exists converted to an {@link Integer}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>find(Integer.<jk>class</jk>, keys)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param keys The list of keys to look for.
+        * @return The converted value of the first key in the list that has an 
entry in this map,
+        *      or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no mapping for any of the 
keys.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Integer findInt(String... keys) {
+               return find(Integer.class, keys);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the first entry that exists converted to a {@link Long}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>find(Long.<jk>class</jk>, keys)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param keys The list of keys to look for.
+        * @return The converted value of the first key in the list that has an 
entry in this map,
+        *      or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no mapping for any of the 
keys.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Long findLong(String... keys) {
+               return find(Long.class, keys);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the first entry that exists converted to a {@link Boolean}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>find(Boolean.<jk>class</jk>, keys)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param keys The list of keys to look for.
+        * @return The converted value of the first key in the list that has an 
entry in this map,
+        *      or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no mapping for any of the 
keys.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Boolean findBoolean(String... keys) {
+               return find(Boolean.class, keys);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the first entry that exists converted to a {@link Map}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>find(Map.<jk>class</jk>, keys)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param keys The list of keys to look for.
+        * @return The converted value of the first key in the list that has an 
entry in this map,
+        *      or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no mapping for any of the 
keys.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public Map<?,?> findMap(String... keys) {
+               return find(Map.class, keys);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the first entry that exists converted to a {@link List}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>find(List.<jk>class</jk>, keys)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param keys The list of keys to look for.
+        * @return The converted value of the first key in the list that has an 
entry in this map,
+        *      or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no mapping for any of the 
keys.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public List<?> findList(String... keys) {
+               return find(List.class, keys);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the first entry that exists converted to a {@link ObjectMap}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>find(ObjectMap.<jk>class</jk>, keys)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param keys The list of keys to look for.
+        * @return The converted value of the first key in the list that has an 
entry in this map,
+        *      or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no mapping for any of the 
keys.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap findObjectMap(String... keys) {
+               return find(ObjectMap.class, keys);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the first entry that exists converted to a {@link 
ObjectList}.
+        * <p>
+        *      Shortcut for <code>find(ObjectList.<jk>class</jk>, keys)</code>.
+        *
+        * @param keys The list of keys to look for.
+        * @return The converted value of the first key in the list that has an 
entry in this map,
+        *      or <jk>null</jk> if the map contains no mapping for any of the 
keys.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public ObjectList findObjectList(String... keys) {
+               return find(ObjectList.class, keys);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the first key in the map.
+        *
+        * @return The first key in the map, or <jk>null</jk> if the map is 
empty.
+        */
+       public String getFirstKey() {
+               return isEmpty() ? null : keySet().iterator().next();
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the class type of the object at the specified index.
+        *
+        * @param key The key into this map.
+        * @return The data type of the object at the specified key, or 
<jk>null</jk> if the value is null or does not exist.
+        */
+       public ClassMeta<?> getClassMeta(String key) {
+               return beanContext.getClassMetaForObject(get(key));
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Equivalent to calling <code>get(class,key,def)</code> followed by 
<code>remove(key);</code>
+        *
+        * @param <T> The class type.
+        * @param type The class type.
+        * @param key The key.
+        * @param defVal The default value if the map doesn't contain the 
specified mapping.
+        * @return The converted value, or the default value if the map 
contains no mapping for this key.
+        * @throws InvalidDataConversionException If value cannot be converted.
+        */
+       public <T> T remove(Class<T> type, String key, T defVal) {
+               T t = get(type, key, defVal);
+               remove(key);
+               return t;
+       }
+
+
+       /**
+        * Convenience method for removing several keys at once.
+        *
+        * @param keys The list of keys to remove.
+        */
+       public void removeAll(Collection<String> keys) {
+               for (String k : keys)
+                       remove(k);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Convenience method for removing several keys at once.
+        *
+        * @param keys The list of keys to remove.
+        */
+       public void removeAll(String... keys) {
+               for (String k : keys)
+                       remove(k);
+       }
+
+       @Override /* Map */
+       public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
+               if (super.containsKey(key))
+                       return true;
+               if (inner != null)
+                       return inner.containsKey(key);
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns <jk>true</jk> if this map contains the specified key, 
ignoring
+        *      the inner map if it exists.
+        *
+        * @param key The key to look up.
+        * @return <jk>true</jk> if this map contains the specified key.
+        */
+       public boolean containsOuterKey(Object key) {
+               return super.containsKey(key);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns a copy of this <code>ObjectMap</code> with only the 
specified keys.
+        *
+        * @param keys The keys of the entries to copy.
+        * @return A new map with just the keys and values from this map.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap include(String...keys) {
+               ObjectMap m2 = new ObjectMap();
+               for (Map.Entry<String,Object> e : this.entrySet())
+                       for (String k : keys)
+                               if (k.equals(e.getKey()))
+                                       m2.put(k, e.getValue());
+               return m2;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns a copy of this <code>ObjectMap</code> without the specified 
keys.
+        *
+        * @param keys The keys of the entries not to copy.
+        * @return A new map without the keys and values from this map.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap exclude(String...keys) {
+               ObjectMap m2 = new ObjectMap();
+               for (Map.Entry<String,Object> e : this.entrySet()) {
+                       boolean exclude = false;
+                       for (String k : keys)
+                               if (k.equals(e.getKey()))
+                                       exclude = true;
+                       if (! exclude)
+                               m2.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
+               }
+               return m2;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Sets a value in this map if the entry does not exist or the value is 
<jk>null</jk>.
+        *
+        * @param key The map key.
+        * @param val The value to set if the current value does not exist or 
is <jk>null</jk>.
+        * @return This object (for method chaining).
+        */
+       public ObjectMap putIfNull(String key, Object val) {
+               Object o = get(key);
+               if (o == null)
+                       put(key, val);
+               return this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Sets a value in this map if the entry does not exist or the value is 
<jk>null</jk> or an empty string.
+        *
+        * @param key The map key.
+        * @param val The value to set if the current value does not exist or 
is <jk>null</jk> or an empty string.
+        * @return This object (for method chaining).
+        */
+       public ObjectMap putIfEmpty(String key, Object val) {
+               Object o = get(key);
+               if (o == null || o.toString().isEmpty())
+                       put(key, val);
+               return this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Converts this map into the class type specified by the 
<js>"_class"</js> entry value.
+        * <p>
+        *      This method can be used to convert <code>ObjectMap</code> 
objects to a variety of POJO types.
+        *
+        * <dl>
+        *      <dt>Example of valid class types:</dt>
+        *      <dd>
+        *              <p>
+        *                      An object map can be converted to a bean.
+        *              </p>
+        *              <p class='bcode'>
+        *      {
+        *              _class: <js>'com.ibm.sample.addressBook.Person'</js>,
+        *              name: <js>'John Smith'</js>,
+        *              ...
+        *      }
+        *              </p>
+        *              <p>
+        *                      It can also be converted into another map type.
+        *              </p>
+        *              <p class='bcode'>
+        *      <jc>// Generic TreeMap (String keys, Object values)</jc>
+        *      {
+        *              _class: <js>'java.util.TreeMap'</js>,
+        *              name: <js>'John Smith'</js>,
+        *              ...
+        *      }
+        *      <jc>// TreeMap where values are forced to be strings.</jc>
+        *      {
+        *              _class: 
<js>'java.util.TreeMap&lt;java.lang.String,java.lang.String&gt;'</js>,
+        *              name: <js>'John Smith'</js>,
+        *              ...
+        *      }
+        *              </p>
+        *              <p>
+        *                      It can also be converted to Collections objects 
if map defines an <code>items</code> entry of type array.
+        *              </p>
+        *              <p class='bcode'>
+        *      <jc>// LinkedList of strings</jc>
+        *      {
+        *              _class: <js>'java.util.LinkedList'</js>,
+        *              items: [ <js>'John Smith'</js>, ... ]
+        *      }
+        *      <jc>// LinkedList of beans</jc>
+        *      {
+        *              _class: 
<js>'java.util.LinkedList&lt;com.ibm.sample.addressBook.Person&gt;'</js>,
+        *              items: [ { name: <js>'John Smith'</js>, ... }, ... ]
+        *      }
+        *              </p>
+        *              <p>
+        *                      It can also be converted to arrays.
+        *              </p>
+        *              <p class='bcode'>
+        *      <jc>// Array of strings</jc>
+        *      {
+        *              _class: <js>'java.lang.String[]'</js>,
+        *              items: [ <js>'John Smith'</js>, ... ]
+        *      }
+        *      <jc>// Array of beans</jc>
+        *      {
+        *              _class: <js>'com.ibm.sample.addressBook.Person[]'</js>,
+        *              items: [ { name: <js>'John Smith'</js>, ... }, ... ]
+        *      }
+        *              </p>
+        *              <p>
+        *                      It can also be converted to any type that can 
be handled by the {@link BeanContext#convertToType(Object, Class)} method.
+        *                      In this case, the value is specified by an 
<code>value</code> entry of any type.
+        *                      For example, if the bean context has a {@link 
CalendarTransform} associated with it, it can convert a string value to a 
calendar.
+        *              <p class='bcode'>
+        *      {
+        *              _class: <js>'java.util.GregorianCalendar'</js>,
+        *              value: <js>'2001-07-04T15:30:45-05:00'</js>
+        *      }
+        *              </p>
+        *      </dd>
+        *      <dt>Notes:</dt>
+        *      <dd>
+        *              <ul>
+        *                      <li>This method is recursive.  It will also 
recursively convert any descendant entries to POJOs.
+        *              </ul>
+        *      </dd>
+        * </dl>
+        *
+        * @return The new Java object of type specified by the 
<js>"_class"</js> entry value, or this
+        *      same object if entry does not exist.
+        */
+       public Object cast() {
+               String c = (String)get("_class");
+               if (c == null) {
+                       if (containsKey("_value"))
+                               return get("_value");
+                       return this;
+               }
+               return cast2(beanContext.getClassMetaFromString(c));
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Converts this map into an object of the specified type.
+        * <p>
+        * The rules are the same as those specified in {@link #cast()}.
+        * <p>
+        * If this map contains a <js>"_class"</js> entry, it must be the same 
as or a subclass
+        *      of the <code>type</code>.
+        *
+        * @param <T> The class type to convert this map object to.
+        * @param type The class type to convert this map object to.
+        * @return The new object.
+        * @throws ClassCastException If the <js>"_class"</js> entry is present 
and not assignable
+        *      from <code>type</code>
+        */
+       @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+       public <T> T cast(Class<T> type) {
+               ClassMeta<?> c1 = 
beanContext.getClassMetaFromString((String)get("_class"));
+               ClassMeta<?> c2 = beanContext.getClassMeta(type);
+               ClassMeta<?> c = narrowClassMeta(c1, c2);
+               return (T)cast2(c);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Same as {@link #cast(Class)}, except allows you to specify a {@link 
ClassMeta} parameter.
+        *
+        * @param <T> The class type to convert this map object to.
+        * @param cm The class type to convert this map object to.
+        * @return The new object.
+        * @throws ClassCastException If the <js>"_class"</js> entry is present 
and not assignable
+        *      from <code>type</code>
+        */
+       @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
+       public <T> T cast(ClassMeta<T> cm) {
+               ClassMeta<?> c1 = 
beanContext.getClassMetaFromString((String)get("_class"));
+               ClassMeta<?> c = narrowClassMeta(c1, cm);
+               return (T)cast2(c);
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Combines the class specified by a "_class" attribute with the 
ClassMeta
+        * passed in through the cast(ClassMeta) method.
+        * The rule is that child classes superceed parent classes, and c2 
superceeds c1
+        * if one isn't the parent of another.
+        */
+       @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+       private ClassMeta<?> narrowClassMeta(ClassMeta<?> c1, ClassMeta<?> c2) {
+               if (c1 == null)
+                       return c2;
+               ClassMeta<?> c = getNarrowedClassMeta(c1, c2);
+               if (c1.isMap()) {
+                       ClassMeta<?> k = getNarrowedClassMeta(c1.getKeyType(), 
c2.getKeyType());
+                       ClassMeta<?> v = 
getNarrowedClassMeta(c1.getValueType(), c2.getValueType());
+                       return beanContext.getMapClassMeta((Class<? extends 
Map<?,?>>)c.getInnerClass(), k, v);
+               }
+               if (c1.isCollection()) {
+                       ClassMeta<?> e = 
getNarrowedClassMeta(c1.getElementType(), c2.getElementType());
+                       return beanContext.getCollectionClassMeta((Class<? 
extends Collection<?>>)c.getInnerClass(), e);
+               }
+               return c;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * If c1 is a child of c2 or the same as c2, returns c1.
+        * Otherwise, returns c2.
+        */
+       private ClassMeta<?> getNarrowedClassMeta(ClassMeta<?> c1, ClassMeta<?> 
c2) {
+               if (isParentClass(c2.getInnerClass(), c1.getInnerClass()))
+                       return c1;
+               return c2;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Converts this map to the specified class type.
+        */
+       @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked","rawtypes"})
+       private <T> T cast2(ClassMeta<T> cm) {
+
+               try {
+                       Object value = get("value");
+
+                       if (cm.isMap()) {
+                               Map m2 = (cm.canCreateNewInstance() ? 
(Map)cm.newInstance() : new ObjectMap(beanContext));
+                               ClassMeta<?> kType = cm.getKeyType(), vType = 
cm.getValueType();
+                               for (Map.Entry<String,Object> e : entrySet()) {
+                                       Object k = e.getKey();
+                                       Object v = e.getValue();
+                                       if (! k.equals("_class")) {
+
+                                               // Attempt to recursively cast 
child maps.
+                                               if (v instanceof ObjectMap)
+                                                       v = 
((ObjectMap)v).cast();
+
+                                               k = (kType.isString() ? k : 
beanContext.convertToType(k, kType));
+                                               v = (vType.isObject() ? v : 
beanContext.convertToType(v, vType));
+
+                                               m2.put(k, v);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               return (T)m2;
+
+                       } else if (cm.isBean()) {
+                               BeanMap<? extends T> bm = 
beanContext.newBeanMap(cm.getInnerClass());
+
+                               // Iterate through all the entries in the map 
and set the individual field values.
+                               for (Map.Entry<String,Object> e : entrySet()) {
+                                       String k = e.getKey();
+                                       Object v = e.getValue();
+                                       if (! k.equals("_class")) {
+
+                                               // Attempt to recursively cast 
child maps.
+                                               if (v instanceof ObjectMap)
+                                                       v = 
((ObjectMap)v).cast();
+
+                                               bm.put(k, v);
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               return bm.getBean();
+
+                       } else if (cm.isArray() || cm.isCollection()) {
+                               List items = (List)get("items");
+                               return beanContext.convertToType(items, cm);
+
+                       } else if (value != null) {
+                               return beanContext.convertToType(value, cm);
+                       }
+
+               } catch (Exception e) {
+                       throw new BeanRuntimeException(cm.innerClass, "Error 
occurred attempting to cast to an object of type ''{0}''", 
cm.innerClass.getName()).initCause(e);
+               }
+
+               throw new BeanRuntimeException(cm.innerClass, "Cannot convert 
to class type ''{0}''.  Only beans and maps can be converted using this 
method.", cm.innerClass.getName());
+       }
+
+       private PojoRest getPojoRest() {
+               if (pojoRest == null)
+                       pojoRest = new PojoRest(this);
+               return pojoRest;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Serialize this object into a string using the specified serializer.
+        *
+        * @param serializer The serializer to use to convert this object to a 
string.
+        * @return This object serialized as a string.
+        * @throws SerializeException If a problem occurred trying to convert 
the output.
+        */
+       public String toString(WriterSerializer serializer) throws 
SerializeException {
+               return serializer.serialize(this);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Serialize this object into a JSON string using the {@link 
JsonSerializer#DEFAULT} serializer.
+        */
+       @Override /* Object */
+       public String toString() {
+               try {
+                       return this.toString(JsonSerializer.DEFAULT_LAX);
+               } catch (SerializeException e) {
+                       return e.getLocalizedMessage();
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Convenience method for serializing this map to the specified 
<code>Writer</code> using
+        * the {@link JsonSerializer#DEFAULT} serializer.
+        *
+        * @param w The writer to serialize this object to.
+        * @return This object (for method chaining).
+        * @throws IOException If a problem occurred trying to write to the 
writer.
+        * @throws SerializeException If a problem occurred trying to convert 
the output.
+        */
+       public ObjectMap serializeTo(Writer w) throws IOException, 
SerializeException {
+               JsonSerializer.DEFAULT.serialize(this);
+               return this;
+       }
+
+       @Override /* Map */
+       public Set<String> keySet() {
+               if (inner == null)
+                       return super.keySet();
+               LinkedHashSet<String> s = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
+               s.addAll(inner.keySet());
+               s.addAll(super.keySet());
+               return s;
+       }
+
+       @Override /* Map */
+       public Set<Map.Entry<String,Object>> entrySet() {
+               if (inner == null)
+                       return super.entrySet();
+
+               final Set<String> keySet = keySet();
+               final Iterator<String> keys = keySet.iterator();
+
+               return new AbstractSet<Map.Entry<String,Object>>() {
+
+                       @Override /* Iterable */
+                       public Iterator<Map.Entry<String,Object>> iterator() {
+
+                               return new Iterator<Map.Entry<String,Object>>() 
{
+
+                                       @Override /* Iterator */
+                                       public boolean hasNext() {
+                                               return keys.hasNext();
+                                       }
+
+                                       @Override /* Iterator */
+                                       public Map.Entry<String,Object> next() {
+                                               return new 
Map.Entry<String,Object>() {
+                                                       String key = 
keys.next();
+
+                                                       @Override /* Map.Entry 
*/
+                                                       public String getKey() {
+                                                               return key;
+                                                       }
+
+                                                       @Override /* Map.Entry 
*/
+                                                       public Object 
getValue() {
+                                                               return get(key);
+                                                       }
+
+                                                       @Override /* Map.Entry 
*/
+                                                       public Object 
setValue(Object object) {
+                                                               return put(key, 
object);
+                                                       }
+                                               };
+                                       }
+
+                                       @Override /* Iterator */
+                                       public void remove() {
+                                               throw new 
UnsupportedOperationException();
+                                       }
+                               };
+                       }
+
+                       @Override /* Set */
+                       public int size() {
+                               return keySet.size();
+                       }
+               };
+       }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-juneau/blob/e6bf97a8/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/PropertyNamer.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/PropertyNamer.java 
b/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/PropertyNamer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9aa2897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/PropertyNamer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/***************************************************************************************************************************
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 
contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright 
ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not 
use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express 
or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ 
***************************************************************************************************************************/
+package org.apache.juneau;
+
+import org.apache.juneau.annotation.*;
+
+/**
+ * Defines an API for converting conventional bean property names to some 
other form.
+ * <p>
+ * For example, given the bean property <js>"fooBarURL"</js>, the {@link 
PropertyNamerDashedLC}
+ *     property namer will convert this to <js>"foo-bar-url"</js>.
+ * <p>
+ * Property namers are associated with beans through the {@link 
Bean#propertyNamer} annotation.
+ *
+ * @author James Bognar ([email protected])
+ */
+public interface PropertyNamer {
+
+       /**
+        * Convert the specified default property name to some other value.
+        * @param name The original bean property name.
+        * @return The converted property name.
+        */
+       public String getPropertyName(String name);
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-juneau/blob/e6bf97a8/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/PropertyNamerDashedLC.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/PropertyNamerDashedLC.java 
b/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/PropertyNamerDashedLC.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1b1e7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/PropertyNamerDashedLC.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/***************************************************************************************************************************
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 
contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright 
ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not 
use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express 
or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ 
***************************************************************************************************************************/
+package org.apache.juneau;
+
+/**
+ * Converts property names to dashed-lower-case format.
+ * <p>
+ *     Examples:
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li><js>"fooBar"</js> -&gt; <js>"foo-bar"</js>
+ *     <li><js>"fooBarURL"</js> -&gt; <js>"foo-bar-url"</js>
+ *     <li><js>"FooBarURL"</js> -&gt; <js>"foo-bar-url"</js>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * @author James Bognar ([email protected])
+ */
+public final class PropertyNamerDashedLC implements PropertyNamer {
+
+       @Override /* PropertyNamer */
+       public String getPropertyName(String name) {
+               if (name == null || name.isEmpty())
+                       return name;
+
+               int numUCs = 0;
+               boolean isPrevUC = Character.isUpperCase(name.charAt(0));
+               for (int i = 1; i < name.length(); i++) {
+                       char c = name.charAt(i);
+                       if (Character.isUpperCase(c)) {
+                               if (! isPrevUC)
+                                       numUCs++;
+                               isPrevUC = true;
+                       } else {
+                               isPrevUC = false;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               char[] name2 = new char[name.length() + numUCs];
+               isPrevUC = Character.isUpperCase(name.charAt(0));
+               name2[0] = Character.toLowerCase(name.charAt(0));
+               int ni = 0;
+               for (int i = 0; i < name.length(); i++) {
+                       char c = name.charAt(i);
+                       if (Character.isUpperCase(c)) {
+                               if (! isPrevUC)
+                                       name2[ni++] = '-';
+                               isPrevUC = true;
+                               name2[ni++] = Character.toLowerCase(c);
+                       } else {
+                               isPrevUC = false;
+                               name2[ni++] = c;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               return new String(name2);
+       }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-juneau/blob/e6bf97a8/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/PropertyNamerDefault.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/PropertyNamerDefault.java 
b/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/PropertyNamerDefault.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9193e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/PropertyNamerDefault.java
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/***************************************************************************************************************************
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 
contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright 
ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not 
use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express 
or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ 
***************************************************************************************************************************/
+package org.apache.juneau;
+
+import java.beans.*;
+
+/**
+ * Default property namer.
+ * <p>
+ *     Examples:
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li><js>"fooBar"</js> -&gt; <js>"fooBar"</js>
+ *     <li><js>"fooBarURL"</js> -&gt; <js>"fooBarURL"</js>
+ *     <li><js>"FooBarURL"</js> -&gt; <js>"fooBarURL"</js>
+ *     <li><js>"URL"</js> -&gt; <js>"URL"</js>
+ * </ul>
+ * <p>
+ *     See {@link Introspector#decapitalize(String)} for exact rules.
+ *
+ * @author James Bognar ([email protected])
+ */
+public final class PropertyNamerDefault implements PropertyNamer {
+
+       @Override /* PropertyNamer */
+       public String getPropertyName(String name) {
+               return Introspector.decapitalize(name);
+       }
+
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-juneau/blob/e6bf97a8/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/Session.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/Session.java 
b/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/Session.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..653194e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/Session.java
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/***************************************************************************************************************************
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 
contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright 
ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not 
use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express 
or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ 
***************************************************************************************************************************/
+package org.apache.juneau;
+
+/**
+ * A one-time-use non-thread-safe object that's meant to be used once and then 
thrown away.
+ * <p>
+ * Serializers and parsers use context objects to retrieve config properties 
and to use it
+ *     as a scratchpad during serialize and parse actions.
+ *
+ * @see ContextFactory
+ * @author James Bognar ([email protected])
+ */
+public abstract class Session {
+
+       /**
+        * Default constructor.
+        *
+        * @param ctx The context creating this session object.
+        *      The context contains all the configuration settings for the 
session.
+        */
+       protected Session(Context ctx) {}
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-juneau/blob/e6bf97a8/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/Streamable.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/Streamable.java 
b/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/Streamable.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d99b52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/juneau-core/src/main/java/org/apache/juneau/Streamable.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/***************************************************************************************************************************
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 
contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright 
ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not 
use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express 
or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ 
***************************************************************************************************************************/
+package org.apache.juneau;
+
+import java.io.*;
+
+/**
+ * Interface that identifies that an object can be serialized directly to an 
output stream.
+ * <p>
+ *     Instances must identify the media type of the content by implementing 
the
+ *     {@link #getMediaType()} method.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author James Bognar ([email protected])
+ */
+public interface Streamable {
+
+       /**
+        * Serialize this object to the specified output stream.
+        *
+        * @param os The output stream to stream to.
+        * @throws IOException
+        */
+       void streamTo(OutputStream os) throws IOException;
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the serialized media type for this resource (e.g. 
<js>"text/html"</js>).
+        *
+        * @return The media type, or <jk>null</jk> if the media type is not 
known.
+        */
+       String getMediaType();
+}

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