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The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/3.9 by this push:
     new 6423c2c202d KAFKA-19719 --no-initial-controllers should not assume 
kraft.version=1 (#20624)
6423c2c202d is described below

commit 6423c2c202d1e7c3e4185d252d0a92b888b1c493
Author: Kevin Wu <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Tue Oct 7 09:11:41 2025 -0500

    KAFKA-19719 --no-initial-controllers should not assume kraft.version=1 
(#20624)
    
    backport KAFKA-19719 to 4.0
    
    Reviewers: Chia-Ping Tsai <[email protected]>
---
 core/src/main/scala/kafka/tools/StorageTool.scala  |  38 ++++--
 .../scala/unit/kafka/tools/StorageToolTest.scala   |  14 +--
 docs/ops.html                                      |  56 ++++-----
 .../apache/kafka/metadata/storage/Formatter.java   |  30 +++--
 .../kafka/metadata/storage/FormatterTest.java      | 133 ++++++++++++---------
 .../apache/kafka/server/common/KRaftVersion.java   |   7 +-
 6 files changed, 147 insertions(+), 131 deletions(-)

diff --git a/core/src/main/scala/kafka/tools/StorageTool.scala 
b/core/src/main/scala/kafka/tools/StorageTool.scala
index 4aa70bab8ba..8a8ffc11b97 100644
--- a/core/src/main/scala/kafka/tools/StorageTool.scala
+++ b/core/src/main/scala/kafka/tools/StorageTool.scala
@@ -128,21 +128,30 @@ object StorageTool extends Logging {
       featureNamesAndLevels(_).foreach {
         kv => formatter.setFeatureLevel(kv._1, kv._2)
       })
-    Option(namespace.getString("initial_controllers")).
+    val initialControllers = namespace.getString("initial_controllers")
+    val isStandalone = namespace.getBoolean("standalone")
+    val staticVotersEmpty = config.quorumVoters.isEmpty
+    formatter.setHasDynamicQuorum(staticVotersEmpty)
+    if (!staticVotersEmpty && (Option(initialControllers).isDefined || 
isStandalone)) {
+      throw new TerseFailure("You cannot specify " +
+        QuorumConfig.QUORUM_VOTERS_CONFIG + " and format the node " +
+        "with --initial-controllers or --standalone. " +
+        "If you want to use dynamic quorum, please remove " +
+        QuorumConfig.QUORUM_VOTERS_CONFIG + " and specify " +
+        QuorumConfig.QUORUM_BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG + " instead.")
+    }
+    Option(initialControllers).
       foreach(v => formatter.setInitialControllers(DynamicVoters.parse(v)))
-    if (namespace.getBoolean("standalone")) {
+    if (isStandalone) {
       formatter.setInitialControllers(createStandaloneDynamicVoters(config))
     }
-    if (namespace.getBoolean("no_initial_controllers")) {
-      formatter.setNoInitialControllersFlag(true)
-    } else {
-      if (config.processRoles.contains(ProcessRole.ControllerRole)) {
-        if (config.quorumVoters.isEmpty() && 
!formatter.initialVoters().isPresent()) {
+    if (!namespace.getBoolean("no_initial_controllers") &&
+      config.processRoles.contains(ProcessRole.ControllerRole) &&
+      staticVotersEmpty &&
+      !formatter.initialVoters().isPresent) {
           throw new TerseFailure("Because " + 
QuorumConfig.QUORUM_VOTERS_CONFIG +
             " is not set on this controller, you must specify one of the 
following: " +
             "--standalone, --initial-controllers, or 
--no-initial-controllers.");
-        }
-      }
     }
     Option(namespace.getList("add_scram")).
       foreach(scramArgs => 
formatter.setScramArguments(scramArgs.asInstanceOf[util.List[String]]))
@@ -206,18 +215,21 @@ object StorageTool extends Logging {
       action(append())
     val reconfigurableQuorumOptions = formatParser.addMutuallyExclusiveGroup()
     reconfigurableQuorumOptions.addArgument("--standalone", "-s")
-      .help("Used to initialize a controller as a single-node dynamic quorum.")
+      .help("Used to initialize a controller as a single-node dynamic quorum. 
When setting this flag, " +
+        "the controller.quorum.voters config must not be set, and 
controller.quorum.bootstrap.servers is set instead.")
       .action(storeTrue())
 
     reconfigurableQuorumOptions.addArgument("--no-initial-controllers", "-N")
-      .help("Used to initialize a server without a dynamic quorum topology.")
+      .help("Used to initialize a server without specifying a dynamic quorum. 
When setting this flag, " +
+        "the controller.quorum.voters config should not be set, and 
controller.quorum.bootstrap.servers is set instead.")
       .action(storeTrue())
 
     reconfigurableQuorumOptions.addArgument("--initial-controllers", "-I")
-      .help("Used to initialize a server with a specific dynamic quorum 
topology. The argument " +
+      .help("Used to initialize a server with the specified dynamic quorum. 
The argument " +
         "is a comma-separated list of id@hostname:port:directory. The same 
values must be used to " +
         "format all nodes. For 
example:\[email protected]:8082:JEXY6aqzQY-32P5TStzaFg,[email protected]:8083:" +
-        
"MvDxzVmcRsaTz33bUuRU6A,[email protected]:8084:07R5amHmR32VDA6jHkGbTA\n")
+        
"MvDxzVmcRsaTz33bUuRU6A,[email protected]:8084:07R5amHmR32VDA6jHkGbTA\n. When 
setting this flag, " +
+        "the controller.quorum.voters config must not be set, and 
controller.quorum.bootstrap.servers is set instead.")
       .action(store())
     parser.parseArgs(args)
   }
diff --git a/core/src/test/scala/unit/kafka/tools/StorageToolTest.scala 
b/core/src/test/scala/unit/kafka/tools/StorageToolTest.scala
index 926e851ac98..f8507708d11 100644
--- a/core/src/test/scala/unit/kafka/tools/StorageToolTest.scala
+++ b/core/src/test/scala/unit/kafka/tools/StorageToolTest.scala
@@ -400,7 +400,10 @@ Found problem:
   def testFormatWithStandaloneFlagOnBrokerFails(): Unit = {
     val availableDirs = Seq(TestUtils.tempDir())
     val properties = new Properties()
-    properties.putAll(defaultStaticQuorumProperties)
+    properties.setProperty("process.roles", "broker")
+    properties.setProperty("node.id", "0")
+    properties.setProperty("controller.listener.names", "CONTROLLER")
+    properties.setProperty("controller.quorum.bootstrap.servers", 
"localhost:9093")
     properties.setProperty("log.dirs", availableDirs.mkString(","))
     val stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream()
     val arguments = ListBuffer[String]("--release-version", "3.9-IV0", 
"--standalone")
@@ -483,19 +486,14 @@ Found problem:
               Seq("--release-version", "3.9-IV0"))).getMessage)
   }
 
-  @ParameterizedTest
-  @ValueSource(booleans = Array(false, true))
-  def 
testFormatWithNoInitialControllersSucceedsOnController(setKraftVersionFeature: 
Boolean): Unit = {
+  @Test
+  def testFormatWithNoInitialControllersSucceedsOnController(): Unit = {
     val availableDirs = Seq(TestUtils.tempDir())
     val properties = new Properties()
     properties.putAll(defaultDynamicQuorumProperties)
     properties.setProperty("log.dirs", availableDirs.mkString(","))
     val stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream()
     val arguments = ListBuffer[String]("--release-version", "3.9-IV0", 
"--no-initial-controllers")
-    if (setKraftVersionFeature) {
-      arguments += "--feature"
-      arguments += "kraft.version=1"
-    }
     assertEquals(0, runFormatCommand(stream, properties, arguments.toSeq))
     assertTrue(stream.toString().
       contains("Formatting metadata directory %s".format(availableDirs.head)),
diff --git a/docs/ops.html b/docs/ops.html
index f5f95ffaf44..bbcb194c245 100644
--- a/docs/ops.html
+++ b/docs/ops.html
@@ -3843,42 +3843,26 @@ In the replica description 
0@controller-0:1234:3Db5QLSqSZieL3rJBUUegA, 0 is the
   If you are not sure whether you are using static or dynamic quorums, you can 
determine this by
   running something like the following:<p>
 
-<pre><code class="language-bash">
-  $ bin/kafka-features.sh --bootstrap-controller localhost:9093 describe
-</code></pre><p>
-
-  If the <code>kraft.version</code> field is level 0 or absent, you are using 
a static quorum. If
-  it is 1 or above, you are using a dynamic quorum. For example, here is an 
example of a static
-  quorum:<p/>
-<pre><code class="language-bash">
-Feature: kraft.version  SupportedMinVersion: 0  SupportedMaxVersion: 1  
FinalizedVersionLevel: 0 Epoch: 5
-Feature: metadata.version       SupportedMinVersion: 3.0-IV1    
SupportedMaxVersion: 3.9-IV0 FinalizedVersionLevel: 3.9-IV0  Epoch: 5
-</code></pre><p/>
-
-  Here is another example of a static quorum:<p/>
-<pre><code class="language-bash">
-Feature: metadata.version       SupportedMinVersion: 3.0-IV1    
SupportedMaxVersion: 3.8-IV0 FinalizedVersionLevel: 3.8-IV0  Epoch: 5
-</code></pre><p/>
-
-  Here is an example of a dynamic quorum:<p/>
-<pre><code class="language-bash">
-Feature: kraft.version  SupportedMinVersion: 0  SupportedMaxVersion: 1  
FinalizedVersionLevel: 1 Epoch: 5
-Feature: metadata.version       SupportedMinVersion: 3.0-IV1    
SupportedMaxVersion: 3.9-IV0 FinalizedVersionLevel: 3.9-IV0  Epoch: 5
-</code></pre><p/>
-
-  The static versus dynamic nature of the quorum is determined at the time of 
formatting.
-  Specifically, the quorum will be formatted as dynamic if 
<code>controller.quorum.voters</code> is
-  <b>not</b> present, and if the software version is Apache Kafka 3.9 or 
newer. If you have
-  followed the instructions earlier in this document, you will get a dynamic 
quorum.<p>
-
-  If you would like the formatting process to fail if a dynamic quorum cannot 
be achieved, format your
-  controllers using the <code>--feature kraft.version=1</code>. (Note that you 
should not supply
-  this flag when formatting brokers -- only when formatting controllers.)<p>
-
-<pre><code class="language-bash">
-  $ bin/kafka-storage.sh format -t KAFKA_CLUSTER_ID --feature kraft.version=1 
-c controller_static.properties
-  Cannot set kraft.version to 1 unless KIP-853 configuration is present. Try 
removing the --feature flag for kraft.version.
-</code></pre><p>
+  <pre><code class="language-bash">$ bin/kafka-features.sh 
--bootstrap-controller localhost:9093 describe</code></pre>
+  <p>
+    If the <code>kraft.version</code> field is level 0 or absent, you are 
using a static quorum. If
+    it is 1 or above, you are using a dynamic quorum. For example, here is an 
example of a static
+    quorum:<p>
+  <pre><code class="language-bash">Feature: kraft.version  
SupportedMinVersion: 0  SupportedMaxVersion: 1  FinalizedVersionLevel: 0 Epoch: 
5
+Feature: metadata.version       SupportedMinVersion: 3.3-IV3    
SupportedMaxVersion: 3.9-IV0 FinalizedVersionLevel: 3.9-IV0  Epoch: 
5</code></pre>
+  <p>
+    Here is another example of a static quorum:<p>
+  <pre><code class="language-bash">Feature: metadata.version       
SupportedMinVersion: 3.3-IV3    SupportedMaxVersion: 3.8-IV0 
FinalizedVersionLevel: 3.8-IV0  Epoch: 5</code></pre>
+  <p>
+    Here is an example of a dynamic quorum:<p>
+  <pre><code class="language-bash">Feature: kraft.version  
SupportedMinVersion: 0  SupportedMaxVersion: 1  FinalizedVersionLevel: 1 Epoch: 
5
+Feature: metadata.version       SupportedMinVersion: 3.3-IV3    
SupportedMaxVersion: 3.9-IV0 FinalizedVersionLevel: 3.9-IV0  Epoch: 
5</code></pre>
+  <p>
+    The static versus dynamic nature of the quorum is determined at the time 
of formatting.
+    Specifically, the quorum will be formatted as dynamic if 
<code>controller.quorum.voters</code> is
+    <b>not</b> present, and one of --standalone, --initial-controllers, or 
--no-initial-controllers is set.
+    If you have followed the instructions earlier in this document, you will 
get a dynamic quorum.
+  <p>
 
   Note: Currently it is <b>not</b> possible to convert clusters using a static 
controller quorum to
   use a dynamic controller quorum. This function will be supported in the 
future release.
diff --git 
a/metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/metadata/storage/Formatter.java 
b/metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/metadata/storage/Formatter.java
index 9d642e1c1ee..16e380c0ec5 100644
--- a/metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/metadata/storage/Formatter.java
+++ b/metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/metadata/storage/Formatter.java
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ public class Formatter {
      * The initial KIP-853 voters.
      */
     private Optional<DynamicVoters> initialControllers = Optional.empty();
-    private boolean noInitialControllersFlag = false;
+    private boolean hasDynamicQuorum = false;
 
     public Formatter setPrintStream(PrintStream printStream) {
         this.printStream = printStream;
@@ -210,8 +210,8 @@ public class Formatter {
         return this;
     }
 
-    public Formatter setNoInitialControllersFlag(boolean 
noInitialControllersFlag) {
-        this.noInitialControllersFlag = noInitialControllersFlag;
+    public Formatter setHasDynamicQuorum(boolean hasDynamicQuorum) {
+        this.hasDynamicQuorum = hasDynamicQuorum;
         return this;
     }
 
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ public class Formatter {
     }
 
     boolean hasDynamicQuorum() {
-        return initialControllers.isPresent() || noInitialControllersFlag;
+        return hasDynamicQuorum;
     }
 
     public BootstrapMetadata bootstrapMetadata() {
@@ -336,8 +336,8 @@ public class Formatter {
     /**
      * Calculate the effective feature level for kraft.version. In order to 
keep existing
      * command-line invocations of StorageTool working, we default this to 0 
if no dynamic
-     * voter quorum arguments were provided. As a convenience, if dynamic 
voter quorum arguments
-     * were passed, we set the latest kraft.version. (Currently there is only 
1 non-zero version).
+     * voter quorum arguments were provided. As a convenience, if the static 
voters config is
+     * empty, we set the latest kraft.version. (Currently there is only 1 
non-zero version).
      *
      * @param configuredKRaftVersionLevel   The configured level for 
kraft.version
      * @return                              The effective feature level.
@@ -346,15 +346,21 @@ public class Formatter {
         if (configuredKRaftVersionLevel.isPresent()) {
             if (configuredKRaftVersionLevel.get() == 0) {
                 if (hasDynamicQuorum()) {
-                    throw new FormatterException("Cannot set kraft.version to 
" +
-                        configuredKRaftVersionLevel.get() + " if KIP-853 
configuration is present. " +
-                            "Try removing the --feature flag for 
kraft.version.");
+                    throw new FormatterException(
+                        "Cannot set kraft.version to 0 if 
controller.quorum.voters is empty and one of the flags " +
+                        "--standalone, --initial-controllers, or 
--no-initial-controllers is used. For dynamic " +
+                        "controllers support, try removing the --feature flag 
for kraft.version."
+                    );
                 }
             } else {
                 if (!hasDynamicQuorum()) {
-                    throw new FormatterException("Cannot set kraft.version to 
" +
-                        configuredKRaftVersionLevel.get() + " unless KIP-853 
configuration is present. " +
-                            "Try removing the --feature flag for 
kraft.version.");
+                    throw new FormatterException(
+                        "Cannot set kraft.version to " + 
configuredKRaftVersionLevel.get() +
+                        " unless controller.quorum.voters is empty and one of 
the flags --standalone, " +
+                        "--initial-controllers, or --no-initial-controllers is 
used. " +
+                        "For dynamic controllers support, try using one of 
--standalone, --initial-controllers, " +
+                        "or --no-initial-controllers and removing 
controller.quorum.voters."
+                    );
                 }
             }
             return configuredKRaftVersionLevel.get();
diff --git 
a/metadata/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/metadata/storage/FormatterTest.java 
b/metadata/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/metadata/storage/FormatterTest.java
index 62772f0e340..3b7ed6b4c6c 100644
--- 
a/metadata/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/metadata/storage/FormatterTest.java
+++ 
b/metadata/src/test/java/org/apache/kafka/metadata/storage/FormatterTest.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import 
org.apache.kafka.metadata.properties.MetaPropertiesEnsemble;
 import org.apache.kafka.raft.DynamicVoters;
 import org.apache.kafka.server.common.ApiMessageAndVersion;
 import org.apache.kafka.server.common.Features;
+import org.apache.kafka.server.common.KRaftVersion;
 import org.apache.kafka.server.common.MetadataVersion;
 import org.apache.kafka.server.common.TestFeatureVersion;
 import org.apache.kafka.test.TestUtils;
@@ -187,6 +188,40 @@ public class FormatterTest {
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testStandaloneWithIgnoreFormatted() throws Exception {
+        try (TestEnv testEnv = new TestEnv(1)) {
+            FormatterContext formatter1 = testEnv.newFormatter();
+            String originalDirectoryId = Uuid.randomUuid().toString();
+            String newDirectoryId = Uuid.randomUuid().toString();
+            formatter1.formatter
+                .setInitialControllers(DynamicVoters.parse("1@localhost:8020:" 
+ originalDirectoryId))
+                .setHasDynamicQuorum(true)
+                .run();
+            assertEquals("Formatting dynamic metadata voter directory " + 
testEnv.directory(0) +
+                    " with metadata.version " + 
MetadataVersion.latestProduction() + ".",
+                formatter1.output().trim());
+            assertMetadataDirectoryId(testEnv, 
Uuid.fromString(originalDirectoryId));
+
+            FormatterContext formatter2 = testEnv.newFormatter();
+            formatter2.formatter
+                .setIgnoreFormatted(true)
+                .setInitialControllers(DynamicVoters.parse("1@localhost:8020:" 
+ newDirectoryId))
+                .run();
+            assertEquals("All of the log directories are already formatted.",
+                formatter2.output().trim());
+            assertMetadataDirectoryId(testEnv, 
Uuid.fromString(originalDirectoryId));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertMetadataDirectoryId(TestEnv testEnv, Uuid 
expectedDirectoryId) throws Exception {
+        MetaPropertiesEnsemble ensemble = new MetaPropertiesEnsemble.Loader().
+            addLogDirs(testEnv.directories).
+            load();
+        MetaProperties logDirProps0 = 
ensemble.logDirProps().get(testEnv.directory(0));
+        assertEquals(expectedDirectoryId, logDirProps0.directoryId().get());
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testOneDirectoryFormattedAndOthersNotFormatted() throws 
Exception {
         try (TestEnv testEnv = new TestEnv(2)) {
@@ -369,13 +404,14 @@ public class FormatterTest {
         try (TestEnv testEnv = new TestEnv(2)) {
             FormatterContext formatter1 = testEnv.newFormatter();
             if (specifyKRaftVersion) {
-                formatter1.formatter.setFeatureLevel("kraft.version", (short) 
1);
+                
formatter1.formatter.setFeatureLevel(KRaftVersion.FEATURE_NAME, (short) 1);
             }
             formatter1.formatter.setUnstableFeatureVersionsEnabled(true);
             formatter1.formatter.setInitialControllers(DynamicVoters.
                 parse("1@localhost:8020:4znU-ou9Taa06bmEJxsjnw"));
+            formatter1.formatter.setHasDynamicQuorum(true);
             formatter1.formatter.run();
-            assertEquals((short) 1, 
formatter1.formatter.featureLevels.getOrDefault("kraft.version", (short) 0));
+            assertEquals((short) 1, 
formatter1.formatter.featureLevels.get(KRaftVersion.FEATURE_NAME));
             assertEquals(Arrays.asList(
                 String.format("Formatting data directory %s with %s %s.",
                     testEnv.directory(1),
@@ -402,62 +438,77 @@ public class FormatterTest {
     public void testFormatWithInitialVotersFailsWithOlderKraftVersion() throws 
Exception {
         try (TestEnv testEnv = new TestEnv(2)) {
             FormatterContext formatter1 = testEnv.newFormatter();
-            formatter1.formatter.setFeatureLevel("kraft.version", (short) 0);
+            formatter1.formatter.setFeatureLevel(KRaftVersion.FEATURE_NAME, 
(short) 0);
             formatter1.formatter.setUnstableFeatureVersionsEnabled(true);
             formatter1.formatter.setInitialControllers(DynamicVoters.
                     parse("1@localhost:8020:4znU-ou9Taa06bmEJxsjnw"));
+            formatter1.formatter.setHasDynamicQuorum(true);
             assertTrue(formatter1.formatter.hasDynamicQuorum());
-            assertEquals("Cannot set kraft.version to 0 if KIP-853 
configuration is present. " +
-                "Try removing the --feature flag for kraft.version.",
-                    assertThrows(FormatterException.class,
-                        () -> formatter1.formatter.run()).getMessage());
+            assertEquals(
+                "Cannot set kraft.version to 0 if controller.quorum.voters is 
empty " +
+                "and one of the flags --standalone, --initial-controllers, or 
--no-initial-controllers is used. " +
+                "For dynamic controllers support, try removing the --feature 
flag for kraft.version.",
+                assertThrows(FormatterException.class, 
formatter1.formatter::run).getMessage()
+            );
         }
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testFormatWithoutInitialVotersFailsWithNewerKraftVersion() 
throws Exception {
+    public void testFormatWithStaticQuorumFailsWithNewerKraftVersion() throws 
Exception {
         try (TestEnv testEnv = new TestEnv(2)) {
             FormatterContext formatter1 = testEnv.newFormatter();
-            formatter1.formatter.setFeatureLevel("kraft.version", (short) 1);
+            formatter1.formatter.setFeatureLevel(KRaftVersion.FEATURE_NAME, 
(short) 1);
             formatter1.formatter.setUnstableFeatureVersionsEnabled(true);
             assertFalse(formatter1.formatter.hasDynamicQuorum());
-            assertEquals("Cannot set kraft.version to 1 unless KIP-853 
configuration is present. " +
-                "Try removing the --feature flag for kraft.version.",
-                    assertThrows(FormatterException.class,
-                        () -> formatter1.formatter.run()).getMessage());
+            assertEquals(
+                "Cannot set kraft.version to 1 unless controller.quorum.voters 
is empty and " +
+                "one of the flags --standalone, --initial-controllers, or 
--no-initial-controllers is used. " +
+                "For dynamic controllers support, try using one of 
--standalone, --initial-controllers, " +
+                "or --no-initial-controllers and removing 
controller.quorum.voters.",
+                assertThrows(FormatterException.class, 
formatter1.formatter::run).getMessage()
+            );
         }
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testFormatWithInitialVotersFailsWithOlderMetadataVersion() 
throws Exception {
+    public void testFormatWithInitialVotersWithOlderMetadataVersion() throws 
Exception {
         try (TestEnv testEnv = new TestEnv(2)) {
             FormatterContext formatter1 = testEnv.newFormatter();
             
formatter1.formatter.setReleaseVersion(MetadataVersion.IBP_3_8_IV0);
-            formatter1.formatter.setFeatureLevel("kraft.version", (short) 1);
+            formatter1.formatter.setFeatureLevel(KRaftVersion.FEATURE_NAME, 
(short) 1);
             formatter1.formatter.setInitialControllers(DynamicVoters.
                     parse("1@localhost:8020:4znU-ou9Taa06bmEJxsjnw"));
             formatter1.formatter.setUnstableFeatureVersionsEnabled(true);
-            assertEquals("kraft.version could not be set to 1 because it 
depends on " +
-                "metadata.version level 21",
-                    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class,
-                        () -> formatter1.formatter.run()).getMessage());
+            formatter1.formatter.setHasDynamicQuorum(true);
+            formatter1.formatter.run();
+            assertEquals((short) 1, 
formatter1.formatter.featureLevels.get(KRaftVersion.FEATURE_NAME));
         }
     }
 
     @ParameterizedTest
     @ValueSource(booleans = {false, true})
-    public void testFormatWithNoInitialControllers(boolean 
specifyKRaftVersion) throws Exception {
+    public void 
testFormatWithNoInitialControllersWithOlderMetadataVersion(boolean 
hasDynamicQuorum) throws Exception {
         try (TestEnv testEnv = new TestEnv(2)) {
             FormatterContext formatter1 = testEnv.newFormatter();
-            if (specifyKRaftVersion) {
-                formatter1.formatter.setFeatureLevel("kraft.version", (short) 
1);
+            
formatter1.formatter.setReleaseVersion(MetadataVersion.IBP_3_8_IV0);
+            formatter1.formatter.setHasDynamicQuorum(hasDynamicQuorum);
+            formatter1.formatter.run();
+            if (hasDynamicQuorum) {
+                assertEquals((short) 1, 
formatter1.formatter.featureLevels.get(KRaftVersion.FEATURE_NAME));
+            } else {
+                assertEquals((short) 0, 
formatter1.formatter.featureLevels.get(KRaftVersion.FEATURE_NAME));
             }
-            formatter1.formatter.setUnstableFeatureVersionsEnabled(true);
-            formatter1.formatter.setNoInitialControllersFlag(true);
-            assertTrue(formatter1.formatter.hasDynamicQuorum());
+        }
+    }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testFormatWithNoInitialControllers() throws Exception {
+        try (TestEnv testEnv = new TestEnv(2)) {
+            FormatterContext formatter1 = testEnv.newFormatter();
+            formatter1.formatter.setUnstableFeatureVersionsEnabled(true);
+            assertFalse(formatter1.formatter.hasDynamicQuorum());
             formatter1.formatter.run();
-            assertEquals((short) 1, 
formatter1.formatter.featureLevels.getOrDefault("kraft.version", (short) 0));
+            assertEquals((short) 0, 
formatter1.formatter.featureLevels.get(KRaftVersion.FEATURE_NAME));
             assertEquals(Arrays.asList(
                     String.format("Formatting data directory %s with %s %s.",
                         testEnv.directory(1),
@@ -477,34 +528,4 @@ public class FormatterTest {
             assertNotNull(logDirProps1);
         }
     }
-
-    @Test
-    public void 
testFormatWithoutNoInitialControllersFailsWithNewerKraftVersion() throws 
Exception {
-        try (TestEnv testEnv = new TestEnv(2)) {
-            FormatterContext formatter1 = testEnv.newFormatter();
-            formatter1.formatter.setFeatureLevel("kraft.version", (short) 1);
-            formatter1.formatter.setUnstableFeatureVersionsEnabled(true);
-            formatter1.formatter.setNoInitialControllersFlag(false);
-            assertFalse(formatter1.formatter.hasDynamicQuorum());
-            assertEquals("Cannot set kraft.version to 1 unless KIP-853 
configuration is present. " +
-                    "Try removing the --feature flag for kraft.version.",
-                assertThrows(FormatterException.class,
-                    formatter1.formatter::run).getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testFormatWithNoInitialControllersFailsWithOlderKraftVersion() 
throws Exception {
-        try (TestEnv testEnv = new TestEnv(2)) {
-            FormatterContext formatter1 = testEnv.newFormatter();
-            formatter1.formatter.setFeatureLevel("kraft.version", (short) 0);
-            formatter1.formatter.setUnstableFeatureVersionsEnabled(true);
-            formatter1.formatter.setNoInitialControllersFlag(true);
-            assertTrue(formatter1.formatter.hasDynamicQuorum());
-            assertEquals("Cannot set kraft.version to 0 if KIP-853 
configuration is present. " +
-                    "Try removing the --feature flag for kraft.version.",
-                assertThrows(FormatterException.class,
-                    formatter1.formatter::run).getMessage());
-        }
-    }
 }
diff --git 
a/server-common/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/server/common/KRaftVersion.java 
b/server-common/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/server/common/KRaftVersion.java
index a55dc7318c4..f3bf97feb10 100644
--- 
a/server-common/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/server/common/KRaftVersion.java
+++ 
b/server-common/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/server/common/KRaftVersion.java
@@ -71,12 +71,7 @@ public enum KRaftVersion implements FeatureVersion {
 
     @Override
     public Map<String, Short> dependencies() {
-        if (this.featureLevel == 0) {
-            return Collections.emptyMap();
-        } else {
-            return Collections.singletonMap(
-                MetadataVersion.FEATURE_NAME, 
MetadataVersion.IBP_3_9_IV0.featureLevel());
-        }
+        return Collections.emptyMap();
     }
 
     public short quorumStateVersion() {

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