catalinv-ncc opened a new issue, #19140:
URL: https://github.com/apache/nuttx/issues/19140
### Description / Steps to reproduce the issue
# Description
## Impact
An unchecked integer assignment in the CAN driver may result in a
division-by-zero which would result in a kernel crash (denial of service).
## Description
The CAN driver `can_ioctl` function, shown below (drivers/can/can.c),
receives commands from user processes. Its received arguments `cmd` and content
of `arg` are under attacker's control. In the CAN driver, some `ioctl` commands
are hardware specific and are processed by calling `dev_ioctl()`. Subsequently,
depending on the hardware (STM32 or AT32), this function calls `fdcan_ioctl` or
`at32can_ioctl`, as shown in the snippets that follow.
```c
#define dev_ioctl(dev,cmd,arg) (dev)->cd_ops->co_ioctl(dev,cmd,arg)
static int can_ioctl(FAR struct file *filep, int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
FAR struct inode *inode = filep->f_inode;
FAR struct can_dev_s *dev = inode->i_private;
FAR struct can_reader_s *reader = filep->f_priv;
...
flags = enter_critical_section();
/* Handle built-in ioctl commands */
switch (cmd)
{
...
/* Not a "built-in" ioctl command.. perhaps it is unique to this
* lower-half, device driver. */
default:
{
ret = dev_ioctl(dev, cmd, arg);
}
break;
}
leave_critical_section(flags);
return ret;
}
```
There are a few instances where the user can trigger a kernel crash, caused
by a division by zero on `CANIOC_SET_BITTIMING` command. On STM32 platforms
(arch/arm/src/stm32/stm32_fdcan.c), while there is a `DEBUGASSERT` assertion
for `bt->bt_baud`, the check does not cover value `0`.
```c
static const struct can_ops_s g_fdcanops =
{
...
.co_ioctl = fdcan_ioctl,
...
};
static int fdcan_ioctl(struct can_dev_s *dev, int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
...
switch (cmd)
{
...
case CANIOC_SET_BITTIMING:
{
const struct canioc_bittiming_s *bt = (const struct
canioc_bittiming_s *)arg;
uint32_t nbrp;
uint32_t ntseg1;
uint32_t ntseg2;
uint32_t nsjw;
uint32_t ie;
uint8_t state;
DEBUGASSERT(bt != NULL);
DEBUGASSERT(bt->bt_baud < STM32_FDCANCLK_FREQUENCY); // <- not
valid
DEBUGASSERT(bt->bt_sjw > 0 && bt->bt_sjw <= 16);
DEBUGASSERT(bt->bt_tseg1 > 1 && bt->bt_tseg1 <= 64);
DEBUGASSERT(bt->bt_tseg2 > 0 && bt->bt_tseg2 <= 16);
/* Extract bit timing data */
ntseg1 = bt->bt_tseg1 - 1;
ntseg2 = bt->bt_tseg2 - 1;
nsjw = bt->bt_sjw - 1;
nbrp = (uint32_t)
( ((float) STM32_FDCANCLK_FREQUENCY /
((float)(ntseg1 + ntseg2 + 3) * (float)bt->bt_baud)) - 1 );
// <- div by 0
```
Similarly, another division by zero was found in Artery Technology AT32
(arch/arm/src/stm32/stm32_can.c) driver:
```c
static const struct can_ops_s g_canops =
{
...
.co_ioctl = at32can_ioctl,
...
};
static int at32can_ioctl(struct can_dev_s *dev, int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
...
/* Handle the command */
switch (cmd)
{
...
case CANIOC_SET_BITTIMING:
{
const struct canioc_bittiming_s *bt = (const struct
canioc_bittiming_s *)arg;
...
uint32_t tmp;
uint32_t regval;
DEBUGASSERT(bt != NULL);
DEBUGASSERT(bt->bt_baud < AT32_PCLK1_FREQUENCY); // <- not valid
DEBUGASSERT(bt->bt_sjw > 0 && bt->bt_sjw <= 4);
DEBUGASSERT(bt->bt_tseg1 > 0 && bt->bt_tseg1 <= 16);
DEBUGASSERT(bt->bt_tseg2 > 0 && bt->bt_tseg2 <= 8);
regval = at32can_getreg(priv, AT32_CAN_BTMG_OFFSET);
/* Extract bit timing data tmp is in clocks per bit time */
tmp = AT32_PCLK1_FREQUENCY / bt->bt_baud; // <- div by 0
```
A few more instances were found, and are listed in the *Location* section
below. They are not shown in detail to reduce the length of the issue.
## Recommendation
Ensure the attacker-controlled data is properly validated before use, to
stop division by zero situations. For instance:
```c
DEBUGASSERT(bt->bt_baud > 0 && bt->bt_baud < AT32_PCLK1_FREQUENCY);
```
## Location
arch/arm/src/stm32/stm32_fdcan.c
arch/arm/src/stm32/stm32_can.c
arch/arm/src/sama5/sam_mcan.c
The reporter will address the issues.
### On which OS does this issue occur?
[OS: Linux]
### What is the version of your OS?
Ubuntu 24.04
### NuttX Version
master
### Issue Architecture
[Arch: all]
### Issue Area
[Area: Drivers]
### Host information
N/A
### Verification
- [x] I have verified before submitting the report.
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