no1wudi commented on issue #10594:
URL: https://github.com/apache/nuttx/issues/10594#issuecomment-1722701774

   xPack's toolchain may not fix this problem, I got its compile configurations 
by `--verbose`:
   
   ```
   riscv-none-elf-gcc --verbose
   Using built-in specs.
   COLLECT_GCC=./riscv-none-elf-gcc
   
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/workspaces/xpack-riscv-none-elf-gcc-13.2.0-1/bin/../libexec/gcc/riscv-none-elf/13.2.0/lto-wrapper
   Target: riscv-none-elf
   Configured with: 
/__w/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/build/linux-x64/sources/gcc-13.2.0/configure
 
--prefix=/__w/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/build/linux-x64/application
 
--with-sysroot=/__w/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/build/linux-x64/application/riscv-none-elf
 --with-native-system-header-dir=/include 
--infodir=/__w/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/build/linux-x64/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/install/share/info
 
--mandir=/__w/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/build/linux-x64/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/install/share/man
 
--htmldir=/__w/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/build/linux-x64/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/install/share/html
 
--pdfdir=/__w/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/build/linux-x64/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/install/share/pdf
 --build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu --target=riscv-none-elf 
--disable-libgomp --disable-libmudflap --disable-libquadmath --disable-libsan
 itizer --disable-libssp --disable-nls --disable-shared --disable-threads 
--disable-tls --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran 
--with-gmp=/__w/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/riscv-none-elf-gcc-xpack/build/linux-x64/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/install
 --with-newlib --with-pkgversion='xPack GNU RISC-V Embedded GCC x86_64' 
--with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --with-system-zlib --with-abi=ilp32 
--with-arch=rv32imac --enable-multilib
   Thread model: single
   Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd
   gcc version 13.2.0 (xPack GNU RISC-V Embedded GCC x86_64) 
   ```
   The toolchain from Ubuntu/Debian may works since it compiled with 
`-mcmodel=medany` but it lacks of libm:
   ```
   Using built-in specs.
   COLLECT_GCC=riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc
   COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/riscv64-unknown-elf/9.3.0/lto-wrapper
   Target: riscv64-unknown-elf
   Configured with: ../configure --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --prefix=/usr 
--includedir='/usr/include' --mandir='/usr/share/man' 
--infodir='/usr/share/info' --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var 
--disable-silent-rules --libdir='/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu' 
--libexecdir='/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu' --disable-maintainer-mode 
--disable-dependency-tracking --target=riscv64-unknown-elf --prefix=/usr 
--infodir=/usr/share/doc/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf/info --mandir=/usr/share/man 
--htmldir=/usr/share/doc/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf/html 
--pdfdir=/usr/share/doc/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf/pdf --bindir=/usr/bin 
--libexecdir=/usr/lib --libdir=/usr/lib --with-pkgversion= --disable-shared 
--disable-threads --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-tls --with-newlib 
--with-native-system-header-dir=/include --disable-libmudflap --disable-libssp 
--disable-libquadmath --disable-libgomp --disable-nls --with-system-zlib 
--enable-checking=yes --enable-multilib --with-abi=lp64d 
--disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-libstdcxx --di
 sable-fixinc --with-arch=rv64imafdc --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld 
--with-as=/usr/lib/riscv64-unknown-elf/bin/as 
--with-ld=/usr/lib/riscv64-unknown-elf/bin/ld 
AR_FOR_TARGET=/usr/lib/riscv64-unknown-elf/bin/ar 
AS_FOR_TARGET=/usr/lib/riscv64-unknown-elf/bin/as 
NM_FOR_TARGET=/usr/lib/riscv64-unknown-elf/bin/nm 
LD_FOR_TARGET=/usr/lib/riscv64-unknown-elf/bin/ld 
OBJDUMP_FOR_TARGET=/usr/lib/riscv64-unknown-elf/bin/objdump 
RANLIB_FOR_TARGET=/usr/lib/riscv64-unknown-elf/bin/ranlib 
READELF_FOR_TARGET=/usr/lib/riscv64-unknown-elf/bin/readelf 
STRIP_FOR_TARGET=/usr/lib/riscv64-unknown-elf/bin/strip CFLAGS='-g -O2 
-fdebug-prefix-map=/build/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-3seJsn/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-9.3.0=.
 -fstack-protector-strong' CPPFLAGS='-Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2' 
CXXFLAGS='-g -O2 
-fdebug-prefix-map=/build/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-3seJsn/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-9.3.0=.
 -fstack-protector-strong' FCFLAGS='-g -O2 
-fdebug-prefix-map=/build/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-3seJsn/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-9.3.0
 =. -fstack-protector-strong' FFLAGS='-g -O2 
-fdebug-prefix-map=/build/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-3seJsn/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-9.3.0=.
 -fstack-protector-strong' GCJFLAGS='-g -O2 
-fdebug-prefix-map=/build/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-3seJsn/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-9.3.0=.
 -fstack-protector-strong' LDFLAGS='-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro 
-Wl,-z,now' OBJCFLAGS='-g -O2 
-fdebug-prefix-map=/build/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-3seJsn/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-9.3.0=.
 -fstack-protector-strong' OBJCXXFLAGS='-g -O2 
-fdebug-prefix-map=/build/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-3seJsn/gcc-riscv64-unknown-elf-9.3.0=.
 -fstack-protector-strong' 'CFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=-Os -mcmodel=medany' 
'CXXFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=-Os -mcmodel=medany'
   Thread model: single
   gcc version 9.3.0 ()
   ```
   


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