J-HowHuang commented on code in PR #15618:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/15618#discussion_r2070889761


##########
pinot-controller/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/controller/helix/core/rebalance/TableRebalancer.java:
##########
@@ -1303,47 +1303,75 @@ private IdealState waitForExternalViewToConverge(String 
tableNameWithType, boole
     long endTimeMs = System.currentTimeMillis() + 
externalViewStabilizationTimeoutInMs;
 
     IdealState idealState;
-    do {
-      tableRebalanceLogger.debug("Start to check if ExternalView converges to 
IdealStates");
-      idealState = 
_helixDataAccessor.getProperty(_helixDataAccessor.keyBuilder().idealStates(tableNameWithType));
-      // IdealState might be null if table got deleted, throwing exception to 
abort the rebalance
-      Preconditions.checkState(idealState != null, "Failed to find the 
IdealState");
-
-      ExternalView externalView =
-          
_helixDataAccessor.getProperty(_helixDataAccessor.keyBuilder().externalView(tableNameWithType));
-      // ExternalView might be null when table is just created, skipping check 
for this iteration
-      if (externalView != null) {
-        // Record external view and ideal state convergence status
-        TableRebalanceObserver.RebalanceContext rebalanceContext = new 
TableRebalanceObserver.RebalanceContext(
-            estimateAverageSegmentSizeInBytes, allSegmentsFromIdealState, 
segmentsToMonitor);
-        _tableRebalanceObserver.onTrigger(
-            
TableRebalanceObserver.Trigger.EXTERNAL_VIEW_TO_IDEAL_STATE_CONVERGENCE_TRIGGER,
-            externalView.getRecord().getMapFields(), 
idealState.getRecord().getMapFields(), rebalanceContext);
-        // Update unique segment list as IS-EV trigger must have processed 
these
-        allSegmentsFromIdealState = 
idealState.getRecord().getMapFields().keySet();
-        if (_tableRebalanceObserver.isStopped()) {
-          throw new RuntimeException(
-              String.format("Rebalance has already stopped with status: %s", 
_tableRebalanceObserver.getStopStatus()));
+    ExternalView externalView;
+    int previousRemainingSegments = -1;
+    while (true) {
+      do {
+        tableRebalanceLogger.debug("Start to check if ExternalView converges 
to IdealStates");
+        idealState = 
_helixDataAccessor.getProperty(_helixDataAccessor.keyBuilder().idealStates(tableNameWithType));
+        // IdealState might be null if table got deleted, throwing exception 
to abort the rebalance
+        Preconditions.checkState(idealState != null, "Failed to find the 
IdealState");
+
+        externalView = 
_helixDataAccessor.getProperty(_helixDataAccessor.keyBuilder().externalView(tableNameWithType));
+        // ExternalView might be null when table is just created, skipping 
check for this iteration
+        if (externalView != null) {
+          // Record external view and ideal state convergence status
+          TableRebalanceObserver.RebalanceContext rebalanceContext = new 
TableRebalanceObserver.RebalanceContext(
+              estimateAverageSegmentSizeInBytes, allSegmentsFromIdealState, 
segmentsToMonitor);
+          _tableRebalanceObserver.onTrigger(
+              
TableRebalanceObserver.Trigger.EXTERNAL_VIEW_TO_IDEAL_STATE_CONVERGENCE_TRIGGER,
+              externalView.getRecord().getMapFields(), 
idealState.getRecord().getMapFields(), rebalanceContext);
+          // Update unique segment list as IS-EV trigger must have processed 
these
+          allSegmentsFromIdealState = 
idealState.getRecord().getMapFields().keySet();
+          if (_tableRebalanceObserver.isStopped()) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                String.format("Rebalance has already stopped with status: %s",
+                    _tableRebalanceObserver.getStopStatus()));
+          }
+          if (previousRemainingSegments < 0) {
+            // initialize previousRemainingSegments
+            previousRemainingSegments = 
getNumRemainingSegmentsToProcess(tableNameWithType,
+                externalView.getRecord().getMapFields(), 
idealState.getRecord().getMapFields(), lowDiskMode,
+                bestEfforts, segmentsToMonitor, tableRebalanceLogger, false);
+            if (previousRemainingSegments == 0) {
+              tableRebalanceLogger.info("ExternalView converged");
+              return idealState;
+            }
+          } else if (isExternalViewConverged(tableNameWithType, 
externalView.getRecord().getMapFields(),
+              idealState.getRecord().getMapFields(), lowDiskMode, bestEfforts, 
segmentsToMonitor,
+              tableRebalanceLogger)) {
+            tableRebalanceLogger.info("ExternalView converged");
+            return idealState;
+          }
         }
-        if (isExternalViewConverged(tableNameWithType, 
externalView.getRecord().getMapFields(),
-            idealState.getRecord().getMapFields(), lowDiskMode, bestEfforts, 
segmentsToMonitor, tableRebalanceLogger)) {
-          tableRebalanceLogger.info("ExternalView converged");
-          return idealState;
+        tableRebalanceLogger.debug("ExternalView has not converged to 
IdealStates. Retry after: {}ms",
+            externalViewCheckIntervalInMs);
+        Thread.sleep(externalViewCheckIntervalInMs);
+      } while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTimeMs);
+      if (bestEfforts) {
+        tableRebalanceLogger.warn(
+            "ExternalView has not converged within: {}ms, continuing the 
rebalance (best-efforts)",
+            externalViewStabilizationTimeoutInMs);
+        return idealState;
+      }
+      if (externalView != null) {
+        int currentRemainingSegments = 
getNumRemainingSegmentsToProcess(tableNameWithType,
+            externalView.getRecord().getMapFields(), 
idealState.getRecord().getMapFields(), lowDiskMode, bestEfforts,
+            segmentsToMonitor, tableRebalanceLogger, false);
+        if (currentRemainingSegments < previousRemainingSegments) {
+          tableRebalanceLogger.info(

Review Comment:
   I think it's clear to see the previous remaining segment from the log, 
example from the manual test section in the PR description:
   ```
   2025/04/29 09:17:17.433 INFO 
[TableRebalancer-jhow_OFFLINE-324d0eb7-cf61-4ec9-be5f-704bce7c760d] 
[jersey-server-managed-async-executor-1] Extending EV stabilization timeout for 
another 15000ms, remaining 834 segments to be processed.
   2025/04/29 09:17:32.620 INFO 
[TableRebalancer-jhow_OFFLINE-324d0eb7-cf61-4ec9-be5f-704bce7c760d] 
[jersey-server-managed-async-executor-1] Extending EV stabilization timeout for 
another 15000ms, remaining 629 segments to be processed.
   2025/04/29 09:17:47.822 INFO 
[TableRebalancer-jhow_OFFLINE-324d0eb7-cf61-4ec9-be5f-704bce7c760d] 
[jersey-server-managed-async-executor-1] Extending EV stabilization timeout for 
another 15000ms, remaining 423 segments to be processed.
   2025/04/29 09:18:03.025 INFO 
[TableRebalancer-jhow_OFFLINE-324d0eb7-cf61-4ec9-be5f-704bce7c760d] 
[jersey-server-managed-async-executor-1] Extending EV stabilization timeout for 
another 15000ms, remaining 237 segments to be processed.
   2025/04/29 09:18:18.238 INFO 
[TableRebalancer-jhow_OFFLINE-324d0eb7-cf61-4ec9-be5f-704bce7c760d] 
[jersey-server-managed-async-executor-1] Extending EV stabilization timeout for 
another 15000ms, remaining 26 segments to be processed.
   ```
   
   For the number of segments to monitor, what's the purpose? It's not related 
to the timeout.



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