Copilot commented on code in PR #17411:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/17411#discussion_r2663884853


##########
pinot-core/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/core/query/aggregation/function/BaseDistinctCountSmartSketchAggregationFunction.java:
##########
@@ -670,6 +690,62 @@ protected static Set convertToValueSet(DictIdsWrapper 
dictIdsWrapper) {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Aggregate a single dictionary ID for a group. If already a sketch, offer 
directly.
+   * Otherwise add to bitmap and track as modified.
+   */
+  private void aggregateDictIdForGroup(GroupByResultHolder 
groupByResultHolder, int groupKey, Dictionary dictionary,
+      int dictId, IntSet modifiedGroups) {
+    Object result = groupByResultHolder.getResult(groupKey);
+    if (!(result instanceof DictIdsWrapper)) {
+      // Already converted to sketch, offer directly
+      ((HyperLogLog) result).offer(dictionary.get(dictId));

Review Comment:
   The code assumes any result that is not a `DictIdsWrapper` is a 
`HyperLogLog`, but `result` could be null on first access for a group. This 
will cause a NullPointerException. Add a null check and initialize the result 
if it's null before casting.



##########
pinot-core/src/test/java/org/apache/pinot/core/query/aggregation/function/DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunctionTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.core.query.aggregation.function;
+
+import com.clearspring.analytics.stream.cardinality.HyperLogLog;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.apache.pinot.common.request.context.ExpressionContext;
+import org.apache.pinot.common.utils.DataSchema;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.data.FieldSpec;
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+
+public class DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunctionTest {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParameterParsing() {
+    // Test default values
+    DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction function = new 
DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction(
+        List.of(ExpressionContext.forIdentifier("col")));
+    assertEquals(function.getThreshold(), 100_000);
+    assertEquals(function.getDictIdCardinalityThreshold(), 100_000);
+
+    // Test individual parameters
+    function = new DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction(
+        List.of(ExpressionContext.forIdentifier("col"),
+            ExpressionContext.forLiteral(FieldSpec.DataType.STRING, 
"threshold=50000")));
+    assertEquals(function.getThreshold(), 50_000);
+    assertEquals(function.getDictIdCardinalityThreshold(), 100_000);
+
+    function = new DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction(
+        List.of(ExpressionContext.forIdentifier("col"),
+            ExpressionContext.forLiteral(FieldSpec.DataType.STRING, 
"log2m=8")));
+    assertEquals(function.getThreshold(), 100_000);
+    assertEquals(function.getDictIdCardinalityThreshold(), 100_000);
+
+    function = new DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction(
+        List.of(ExpressionContext.forIdentifier("col"),
+            ExpressionContext.forLiteral(FieldSpec.DataType.STRING, 
"dictThreshold=50000")));
+    assertEquals(function.getThreshold(), 100_000);
+    assertEquals(function.getDictIdCardinalityThreshold(), 50_000);
+
+    // Test disabled dictThreshold (non-positive values)
+    function = new DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction(
+        List.of(ExpressionContext.forIdentifier("col"),
+            ExpressionContext.forLiteral(FieldSpec.DataType.STRING, 
"dictThreshold=-1")));
+    assertEquals(function.getDictIdCardinalityThreshold(), Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+
+    function = new DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction(
+        List.of(ExpressionContext.forIdentifier("col"),
+            ExpressionContext.forLiteral(FieldSpec.DataType.STRING, 
"dictThreshold=0")));
+    assertEquals(function.getDictIdCardinalityThreshold(), Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+
+    // Test multiple parameters together
+    function = new DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction(
+        List.of(ExpressionContext.forIdentifier("col"),
+            ExpressionContext.forLiteral(FieldSpec.DataType.STRING, 
"threshold=200000;log2m=10;dictThreshold=150000")));
+    assertEquals(function.getThreshold(), 200_000);
+    assertEquals(function.getDictIdCardinalityThreshold(), 150_000);
+
+    // Test parameter order independence
+    DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction function1 = new 
DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction(
+        List.of(ExpressionContext.forIdentifier("col"),
+            ExpressionContext.forLiteral(FieldSpec.DataType.STRING, 
"dictThreshold=50000;threshold=100000;log2m=8")));
+    DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction function2 = new 
DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction(
+        List.of(ExpressionContext.forIdentifier("col"),
+            ExpressionContext.forLiteral(FieldSpec.DataType.STRING, 
"log2m=8;dictThreshold=50000;threshold=100000")));
+    assertEquals(function1.getThreshold(), function2.getThreshold());
+    assertEquals(function1.getDictIdCardinalityThreshold(), 
function2.getDictIdCardinalityThreshold());
+
+    // Test legacy parameter names
+    function = new DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction(
+        List.of(ExpressionContext.forIdentifier("col"),
+            ExpressionContext.forLiteral(FieldSpec.DataType.STRING, 
"hllConversionThreshold=50000;hllLog2m=10")));
+    assertEquals(function.getThreshold(), 50_000);
+
+    // Test case-insensitive parameters
+    function = new DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction(
+        List.of(ExpressionContext.forIdentifier("col"),
+            ExpressionContext.forLiteral(FieldSpec.DataType.STRING, 
"THRESHOLD=50000;LOG2M=8;DICTTHRESHOLD=100000")));
+    assertEquals(function.getThreshold(), 50_000);
+    assertEquals(function.getDictIdCardinalityThreshold(), 100_000);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testFunctionMetadata() {
+    DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction function = new 
DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction(
+        List.of(ExpressionContext.forIdentifier("col")));
+
+    // Test function type
+    assertEquals(function.getType().getName(), "distinctCountSmartHLL");
+
+    // Test result types
+    assertEquals(function.getIntermediateResultColumnType(), 
DataSchema.ColumnDataType.OBJECT);
+    assertEquals(function.getFinalResultColumnType(), 
DataSchema.ColumnDataType.INT);
+
+    // Test result holder creation
+    assertNotNull(function.createAggregationResultHolder());
+    assertNotNull(function.createGroupByResultHolder(10, 100));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testHLLOperations() {
+    DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction function = new 
DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction(
+        List.of(ExpressionContext.forIdentifier("col")));
+
+    // Test merge final results (should sum)
+    Integer finalResult = function.mergeFinalResult(100, 200);
+    assertEquals(finalResult.intValue(), 300);
+
+    // Test extract final result (HLL cardinality)
+    HyperLogLog hll = new HyperLogLog(12);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+      hll.offer(i);
+    }
+    Long cardinality = Long.valueOf(function.extractFinalResult(hll));

Review Comment:
   Replace `Long.valueOf()` with direct cast `(Long)` since 
`extractFinalResult()` already returns a Long object. Using `Long.valueOf()` on 
an object is unnecessary and could cause a NullPointerException if the result 
is null.
   ```suggestion
       Long cardinality = (Long) function.extractFinalResult(hll);
   ```



##########
pinot-core/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/core/query/aggregation/function/DistinctCountSmartHLLAggregationFunction.java:
##########
@@ -51,13 +51,17 @@
  * - threshold: Threshold of the number of distinct values to trigger the 
conversion, 100_000 by default. Non-positive
  *              value means never convert.
  * - log2m: Log2m for the converted HyperLogLog, 12 by default.
- * Example of second argument: 'threshold=10;log2m=8'
+ * - dictThreshold: Threshold for dictionary-encoded columns to trigger early 
conversion from RoaringBitmap to HLL
+ *                  during aggregation. 100_000 by default. Set to 
Integer.MAX_VALUE to disable and convert only
+ *                  at finalization.

Review Comment:
   The documentation should clarify that non-positive values (≤0) are also 
treated as disabled and converted to Integer.MAX_VALUE, consistent with the 
implementation in the Parameters class where values ≤0 are set to 
Integer.MAX_VALUE.



##########
pinot-core/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/core/query/aggregation/function/BaseDistinctCountSmartSketchAggregationFunction.java:
##########
@@ -670,6 +690,62 @@ protected static Set convertToValueSet(DictIdsWrapper 
dictIdsWrapper) {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Aggregate a single dictionary ID for a group. If already a sketch, offer 
directly.
+   * Otherwise add to bitmap and track as modified.
+   */
+  private void aggregateDictIdForGroup(GroupByResultHolder 
groupByResultHolder, int groupKey, Dictionary dictionary,
+      int dictId, IntSet modifiedGroups) {
+    Object result = groupByResultHolder.getResult(groupKey);
+    if (!(result instanceof DictIdsWrapper)) {
+      // Already converted to sketch, offer directly
+      ((HyperLogLog) result).offer(dictionary.get(dictId));
+    } else {
+      // Still using bitmap, add dict ID
+      getDictIdBitmap(groupByResultHolder, groupKey, dictionary).add(dictId);
+      modifiedGroups.add(groupKey);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Aggregate multiple dictionary IDs for a group. If already a sketch, offer 
directly.
+   * Otherwise add to bitmap and track as modified.
+   */
+  private void aggregateDictIdsForGroup(GroupByResultHolder 
groupByResultHolder, int groupKey, Dictionary dictionary,
+      int[] dictIds, IntSet modifiedGroups) {
+    Object result = groupByResultHolder.getResult(groupKey);
+    if (!(result instanceof DictIdsWrapper)) {
+      // Already converted to sketch, offer directly
+      for (int dictId : dictIds) {
+        ((HyperLogLog) result).offer(dictionary.get(dictId));
+      }

Review Comment:
   The code assumes any result that is not a `DictIdsWrapper` is a 
`HyperLogLog`, but `result` could be null on first access for a group. This 
will cause a NullPointerException. Add a null check and initialize the result 
if it's null before casting.



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