xiangfu0 commented on code in PR #18229:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/18229#discussion_r3330767403


##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/segment/creator/impl/fwd/SingleValueFixedByteRawIndexCreator.java:
##########
@@ -20,57 +20,71 @@
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.local.io.codec.CodecPipelineExecutor;
 import 
org.apache.pinot.segment.local.io.writer.impl.FixedByteChunkForwardIndexWriter;
+import 
org.apache.pinot.segment.local.io.writer.impl.FixedByteChunkForwardIndexWriterV7;
 import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.V1Constants;
 import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.compression.ChunkCompressionType;
 import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.ForwardIndexConfig;
 import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.creator.ForwardIndexCreator;
 import org.apache.pinot.spi.data.FieldSpec.DataType;
 
 
-/**
- * Raw (non-dictionary-encoded) forward index creator for single-value column 
of fixed length data type (INT, LONG,
- * FLOAT, DOUBLE).
- */
+/// Raw (non-dictionary-encoded) forward index creator for single-value column 
of fixed length
+/// data type (`INT`, `LONG`, `FLOAT`, `DOUBLE`).
 public class SingleValueFixedByteRawIndexCreator implements 
ForwardIndexCreator {
+  @Nullable

Review Comment:
   Done — the creator now holds a single `FixedByteValueWriter` reference and 
delegates `put*`/`close` with no branching. The factory creates the concrete 
writer (legacy vs V7) and the creator no longer maintains two writers.



##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/io/writer/impl/FixedByteChunkForwardIndexWriterV7.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.local.io.writer.impl;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
+import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.NotThreadSafe;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.local.io.codec.CodecPipelineExecutor;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.ForwardIndexConfig;
+
+
+/// Chunk-based raw (non-dictionary-encoded) forward index writer for 
single-value fixed-width
+/// columns (INT, LONG) that uses a [CodecPipelineExecutor] for encoding.
+///
+/// This writer introduces **version 7** of the fixed-byte chunk raw forward 
index
+/// format.  The on-disk layout is:
+///
+/// ```
+/// File header:
+///   version              (int, value = 7)
+///   numChunks            (int)
+///   numDocsPerChunk      (int, normalised to power-of-2)
+///   sizeOfEntry          (int, bytes per logical value, e.g. 4 for INT)
+///   totalDocs            (int)
+///   codecSpecLength      (int, byte length of the UTF-8 encoded canonical 
codec spec)
+///   dataHeaderStart      (int, byte offset from file start where 
chunk-offset table begins)
+///   codecSpec            (byte[], UTF-8 encoded canonical spec, length = 
codecSpecLength)
+///   chunkOffsets         (long[numChunks], absolute byte offset of each 
chunk's per-chunk header)
+/// Data (per chunk):
+///   compressedSize       (int, byte length of the encoded payload that 
follows)
+///   uncompressedSize     (int, byte length of the original decoded chunk 
data)
+///   payload              (byte[], encoded chunk data, length = 
compressedSize)
+/// ```
+///
+/// Each chunk contains `numDocsPerChunk` values encoded by the pipeline.  
Chunk offsets
+/// are 8-byte longs to support files larger than 2 GB.  The per-chunk size 
header allows readers
+/// to verify decompression output and to skip/read chunks without scanning 
adjacent offsets.
+///
+/// This class is *not* thread-safe.
+@NotThreadSafe
+public class FixedByteChunkForwardIndexWriterV7 implements Closeable {

Review Comment:
   Both writers now implement a shared `FixedByteValueWriter` interface, so 
callers hold one writer reference regardless of on-disk format. On the overhead 
question: we intentionally kept two on-disk formats. Plain 
`compressionCodec`/compression-only `codecSpec` columns still use the unchanged 
legacy `FixedByteChunkForwardIndexWriter` (byte-identical output, zero added 
overhead, and readable by pre-V7 servers). The V7 writer is used only where the 
legacy chunk header cannot represent the spec — transforms 
(DELTA/DELTADELTA/T64/GORILLA) and non-default compression args (e.g. ZSTD(5)). 
Routing all raw columns through V7 would have changed every existing raw 
column's on-disk format and broken pre-V7 server reads, so unification was done 
at the writer-interface level rather than by collapsing the formats.



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