xiangfu0 commented on code in PR #18710:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/18710#discussion_r3380472295


##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/segment/index/openstruct/OpenStructIndexType.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.local.segment.index.openstruct;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.ColumnMetadata;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.creator.IndexCreationContext;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.AbstractIndexType;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.ColumnConfigDeserializer;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.FieldIndexConfigs;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.IndexConfigDeserializer;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.IndexHandler;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.IndexReaderFactory;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.StandardIndexes;
+import 
org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.creator.ColumnarOpenStructIndexCreator;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.mutable.MutableIndex;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.mutable.provider.MutableIndexContext;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.reader.OpenStructIndexReader;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.store.SegmentDirectory;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.config.table.FieldConfig;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.config.table.OpenStructIndexConfig;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.config.table.TableConfig;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.data.FieldSpec;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.data.Schema;
+
+
+/// Index type for the OPEN_STRUCT index on OPEN_STRUCT columns.
+///
+/// The OPEN_STRUCT index has no reader of its own — per-key materialized 
columns are loaded by
+/// the standard `PhysicalColumnIndexContainer` and served via standard index 
readers. This
+/// type exists for SPI registration, config deserialization, and validation.
+public class OpenStructIndexType
+    extends AbstractIndexType<OpenStructIndexConfig, OpenStructIndexReader, 
ColumnarOpenStructIndexCreator> {
+
+  public static final String INDEX_DISPLAY_NAME = "open_struct";
+  private static final List<String> EXTENSIONS = 
Collections.singletonList(".open_struct.idx");
+
+  protected OpenStructIndexType() {
+    super(StandardIndexes.OPEN_STRUCT_ID);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Class<OpenStructIndexConfig> getIndexConfigClass() {
+    return OpenStructIndexConfig.class;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public OpenStructIndexConfig getDefaultConfig() {
+    return OpenStructIndexConfig.DEFAULT;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void validate(FieldIndexConfigs indexConfigs, FieldSpec fieldSpec, 
TableConfig tableConfig) {
+    // The default OpenStructIndexConfig is auto-applied to every column; only 
enforce on OPEN_STRUCT
+    // fields. Non-OPEN_STRUCT columns cannot meaningfully opt in to this 
index.
+    if (fieldSpec.getDataType() != FieldSpec.DataType.OPEN_STRUCT) {
+      return;
+    }
+    OpenStructIndexConfig config = indexConfigs.getConfig(this);
+    if (config.isEnabled()) {
+      Preconditions.checkState(fieldSpec.isSingleValueField(),
+          "OPEN_STRUCT index can only be created on single-value columns, but 
column '%s' is multi-value",
+          fieldSpec.getName());
+      validatePerKeyIndexes(config);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void validatePerKeyIndexes(OpenStructIndexConfig config) {
+    List<FieldConfig> fieldConfigs = new ArrayList<>();
+    if (config.getValueFieldConfigs() != null) {
+      fieldConfigs.addAll(config.getValueFieldConfigs());
+    }
+    if (config.getDefaultValueFieldConfig() != null) {
+      fieldConfigs.add(config.getDefaultValueFieldConfig());
+    }
+    for (FieldConfig fieldConfig : fieldConfigs) {
+      JsonNode indexes = fieldConfig.getIndexes();
+      if (indexes == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      Iterator<String> indexNames = indexes.fieldNames();
+      while (indexNames.hasNext()) {
+        String indexName = indexNames.next();
+        
Preconditions.checkState(OpenStructSupportedIndexes.ALLOWED_PRETTY_NAMES.contains(indexName),
+            "OPEN_STRUCT key '%s' declares unsupported index '%s'; supported 
indexes are %s",
+            fieldConfig.getName(), indexName, 
OpenStructSupportedIndexes.ALLOWED_PRETTY_NAMES);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getPrettyName() {
+    return INDEX_DISPLAY_NAME;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected ColumnConfigDeserializer<OpenStructIndexConfig> 
createDeserializerForLegacyConfigs() {
+    // OPEN_STRUCT is net-new; no legacy FieldConfig.properties path to 
migrate.
+    return 
IndexConfigDeserializer.fromIndexTypes(FieldConfig.IndexType.OPEN_STRUCT,
+        (tableConfig, fieldConfig) -> OpenStructIndexConfig.DEFAULT);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean shouldCreateIndex(IndexCreationContext context, 
OpenStructIndexConfig indexConfig) {
+    // The default OpenStructIndexConfig is auto-applied to every column; only 
build a creator for
+    // OPEN_STRUCT columns. Non-OPEN_STRUCT columns cannot meaningfully host 
this index.
+    return context.getFieldSpec().getDataType() == 
FieldSpec.DataType.OPEN_STRUCT;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ColumnarOpenStructIndexCreator 
createIndexCreator(IndexCreationContext context,
+      OpenStructIndexConfig indexConfig) {
+    // Creator is wired in the storage-layer PR (PR 2b); this infra PR 
registers the index type
+    // but does not yet support segment creation for OPEN_STRUCT columns.
+    return null;

Review Comment:
   Returning `null` here is not inert on the immutable-segment path. 
`OpenStructIndexConfig.DEFAULT` is auto-applied to `OPEN_STRUCT` columns, 
`BaseSegmentCreator` stores whatever `createIndexCreator()` returns, and 
`SegmentColumnarIndexCreator` unconditionally calls `creator.add(...)`. With 
this PR's `OPEN_STRUCT` ingestion mapping, immutable segment builds for an 
`OPEN_STRUCT` column will NPE until the real creator lands. Keep 
`shouldCreateIndex()` false (or reject immutable `OPEN_STRUCT`) until PR 2b 
wires the creator.



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