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The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/develop by this push:
     new 4dcc34b887 test(plc4j/connection-cache): Added tests for special cases 
in the Connection Cache.
4dcc34b887 is described below

commit 4dcc34b8874f2031ff9564ea9766369eef1fec25
Author: Christofer Dutz <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Sun Aug 16 12:21:26 2026 +0200

    test(plc4j/connection-cache): Added tests for special cases in the 
Connection Cache.
    
    Refs: 2418
---
 .../java/utils/cache/EvictNeverConnectedTest.java  | 113 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 113 insertions(+)

diff --git 
a/plc4j/tools/connection-cache/src/test/java/org/apache/plc4x/java/utils/cache/EvictNeverConnectedTest.java
 
b/plc4j/tools/connection-cache/src/test/java/org/apache/plc4x/java/utils/cache/EvictNeverConnectedTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61cc615c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/plc4j/tools/connection-cache/src/test/java/org/apache/plc4x/java/utils/cache/EvictNeverConnectedTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.plc4x.java.utils.cache;
+
+import org.apache.plc4x.java.api.PlcConnection;
+import org.apache.plc4x.java.api.PlcConnectionManager;
+import org.apache.plc4x.java.api.exceptions.PlcConnectionException;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+/**
+ * Evicting a connection that never connected. Up to 0.13.1 
ConnectionContainer.close() ended in an
+ * unguarded connection.close() on the still-null connection, so 
removeCachedConnection() threw an
+ * NPE - and because the map entry was only dropped afterwards, the dead 
container was never evicted
+ * at all (apache/plc4x#2418).
+ */
+class EvictNeverConnectedTest {
+
+    private static final String URL = "test:tcp://localhost";
+
+    @Mock
+    private PlcConnectionManager mockConnectionManager;
+
+    private CachedPlcConnectionManager manager;
+    private ScheduledExecutorService scheduler;
+    private AutoCloseable mocks;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        mocks = MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(this);
+        scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
+    }
+
+    @AfterEach
+    void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (manager != null) {
+            manager.close();
+        }
+        scheduler.shutdownNow();
+        mocks.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void evictsAContainerWhoseConnectNeverSucceeded() throws Exception {
+        when(mockConnectionManager.getConnection(anyString()))
+            .thenThrow(new PlcConnectionException("device is unreachable"));
+
+        manager = CachedPlcConnectionManager.getBuilder()
+            .withConnectionManager(mockConnectionManager)
+            .withScheduler(scheduler)
+            .build();
+
+        // The device is down, so this fails and leaves a container that never 
held a connection.
+        assertThrows(PlcConnectionException.class, () -> 
manager.getConnection(URL));
+
+        // This is what the reporter does from the error handler of the 
read/write loop.
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> manager.removeCachedConnection(URL));
+        assertEquals(0, manager.getCachedConnectionCount(), "no dead container 
is left behind");
+        assertEquals(0, manager.getActiveLeaseCount());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The same thing along the path that actually caches a container first: 
connect once, then have
+     * the device disappear so the connection is dropped, then evict.
+     */
+    @Test
+    void evictsAfterTheConnectionWasAlreadyDropped() throws Exception {
+        PlcConnection connection = 
org.mockito.Mockito.mock(PlcConnection.class);
+        when(connection.isConnected()).thenReturn(true);
+        
when(mockConnectionManager.getConnection(anyString())).thenReturn(connection);
+
+        manager = CachedPlcConnectionManager.getBuilder()
+            .withConnectionManager(mockConnectionManager)
+            .withScheduler(scheduler)
+            .build();
+
+        manager.getConnection(URL).close();
+        assertEquals(1, manager.getCachedConnectionCount());
+
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> manager.removeCachedConnection(URL));
+        // A second eviction of the same, now absent, connection must not blow 
up either.
+        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> manager.removeCachedConnection(URL));
+        assertEquals(0, manager.getCachedConnectionCount());
+    }
+}

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