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 class="col-md-9 col-sm-12"><div class="content-header hidden-md 
hidden-lg"><div id="page-title"><h1>Dimensionality Reduction With 
PredictionIO</h1></div></div><div id="table-of-content-wrapper"><h5>On this 
page</h5><aside id="table-of-contents"><ul> <li> <a href="#data-example">Data 
Example
 </a> </li> <li> <a href="#principal-component-analysis">Principal Component 
Analysis</a> </li> <li> <a href="#modifying-the-engine-template">Modifying the 
Engine Template</a> </li> <li> <a href="#testing-the-engine">Testing the 
Engine</a> </li> </ul> </aside><hr/><a id="edit-page-link" 
href="https://github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio/tree/livedoc/docs/manual/source/machinelearning/dimensionalityreduction.html.md";><img
 src="/images/icons/edit-pencil-d6c1bb3d.png"/>Edit this page</a></div><div 
class="content-header hidden-sm hidden-xs"><div 
id="page-title"><h1>Dimensionality Reduction With 
PredictionIO</h1></div></div><div class="content"> <p>The purpose of this guide 
is to teach developers how to incorporate &quot;dimensionality reduction&quot; 
into a PredictionIO engine <a 
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_component_analysis";>Principal 
Component Analysis</a> (PCA) on the <a 
href="https://www.kaggle.com/c/digit-recognizer";>MNIST digit recognition 
dataset</a>. To do 
 this, you will be modifying the PredictionIO <a 
href="/gallery/template-gallery/#classification">classification engine 
template</a>. This guide will demonstrate how to import the specific data set 
in batch, and also how to change the engine components in order to incorporate 
the new sample data and implement PCA.</p><p>In machine learning, specifically 
in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervised_learning";>supervised 
learning</a>, the general problem at hand is to predict a numeric outcome \(y\) 
from a numeric vector \(\bf{x}\). The different components of \(\bf{x}\) are 
called <strong>features</strong>, and usually represent observed values such as 
a hospital patient&#39;s age, weight, height, sex, etc. There are subtle issues 
that begin to arise as the number of features contained in each feature vector 
increases. We briefly list some of the issues that arise as the number of 
features grows in size:</p> <ul> <li><p><strong>Computation:</strong> The time 
complexity of machin
 e learning algorithms often times depends on the number of features used. That 
is, the more features one uses for prediction, the more time it takes to train 
a model.</p></li> <li><p><strong>Prediction Performance:</strong> Often times 
there will be features that, when used in training, will actually decrease the 
predictive performance of a particular algorithm. </p></li> 
<li><p><strong>Curse of Dimensionality:</strong> It is harder to make inference 
and predictions in high dimensional spaces simply due to the fact that we need 
to sample a lot more observations. Think about it in this way, suppose that we 
sample 100 points lying on a flat solid square, and 100 points in a solid cube. 
The 100 points from the square will likely take up a larger proportion of its 
area, in comparison to the proportion of the cube&#39;s volume that the points 
sampled from it occupy. Hence we would need to sample more points from the cube 
in order to get better estimates of the different properties of the
  cube, such as height, length, and width. This is shown in the following 
figure:</p></li> </ul> <table><thead> <tr> <th>100 Points Sampled From Unit 
Square</th> <th>100 Points Sampled From Unit Cube</th> </tr> </thead><tbody> 
<tr> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img alt="Square Samples" 
src="/images/machinelearning/featureselection/square100-df83c1ae.png"/></td> 
<td><img alt="Cube Samples" 
src="/images/machinelearning/featureselection/cube100-a8fe5433.png"/></td> 
</tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Dimensionality 
reduction is the process of applying a transformation to your feature vectors 
in order to produce a vector with the same or less number of features. 
Principal component Analysis (PCA) is a technique for dimensionality reduction. 
This can be treated as a data processing technique, and so with respect to the 
<a href="/customize/">DASE</a> framework, it will fall into the Data Preparator 
engine component.</p><p>This guide will also help to solidify the
  concept of taking an engine template and customizing it for a particular use 
case: hand-written numeric digit recognition.</p><h2 id='data-example' 
class='header-anchors'>Data Example</h2><p>As a guiding example, a base data 
set, the <a href="https://www.kaggle.com/c/digit-recognizer/data";>MNIST digit 
recognition dataset</a>, is used. This is a perfect data set for dimensionality 
reduction, for, in this data set, the features that will be used for learning 
are pixel entries in a \(28 \times 28\) pixel image. There is really no direct 
interpretation of any one feature, so that you do not lose anything in applying 
a transformation that will treat the features as <a 
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_combination";>linear combinations</a> 
of some set &quot;convenient&quot; vectors.</p><p>Now, we first pull the <a 
href="/gallery/template-gallery/#classification">classification engine 
template</a> via the following bash line</p><div class="highlight shell"><table 
style="border-spa
 cing: 0"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right"><pre 
class="lineno">1</pre></td><td class="code"><pre>git clone 
https://github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio-template-attribute-based-classifier.git
 &lt;Your new engine directory&gt;
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 class="col-md-9 col-sm-12"><div class="content-header hidden-md 
hidden-lg"><div id="page-title"><h1>Dimensionality Reduction With 
PredictionIO</h1></div></div><div id="table-of-content-wrapper"><h5>On this 
page</h5><aside id="table-of-contents"><ul> <li> <a href="#data-example">Data 
Exam
 ple</a> </li> <li> <a href="#principal-component-analysis">Principal Component 
Analysis</a> </li> <li> <a href="#modifying-the-engine-template">Modifying the 
Engine Template</a> </li> <li> <a href="#testing-the-engine">Testing the 
Engine</a> </li> </ul> </aside><hr/><a id="edit-page-link" 
href="https://github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio/tree/livedoc/docs/manual/source/machinelearning/dimensionalityreduction.html.md";><img
 src="/images/icons/edit-pencil-d6c1bb3d.png"/>Edit this page</a></div><div 
class="content-header hidden-sm hidden-xs"><div 
id="page-title"><h1>Dimensionality Reduction With 
PredictionIO</h1></div></div><div class="content"> <p>The purpose of this guide 
is to teach developers how to incorporate &quot;dimensionality reduction&quot; 
into a PredictionIO engine <a 
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_component_analysis";>Principal 
Component Analysis</a> (PCA) on the <a 
href="https://www.kaggle.com/c/digit-recognizer";>MNIST digit recognition 
dataset</a>. To 
 do this, you will be modifying the PredictionIO <a 
href="/gallery/template-gallery/#classification">classification engine 
template</a>. This guide will demonstrate how to import the specific data set 
in batch, and also how to change the engine components in order to incorporate 
the new sample data and implement PCA.</p><p>In machine learning, specifically 
in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervised_learning";>supervised 
learning</a>, the general problem at hand is to predict a numeric outcome \(y\) 
from a numeric vector \(\bf{x}\). The different components of \(\bf{x}\) are 
called <strong>features</strong>, and usually represent observed values such as 
a hospital patient&#39;s age, weight, height, sex, etc. There are subtle issues 
that begin to arise as the number of features contained in each feature vector 
increases. We briefly list some of the issues that arise as the number of 
features grows in size:</p> <ul> <li><p><strong>Computation:</strong> The time 
complexity of mac
 hine learning algorithms often times depends on the number of features used. 
That is, the more features one uses for prediction, the more time it takes to 
train a model.</p></li> <li><p><strong>Prediction Performance:</strong> Often 
times there will be features that, when used in training, will actually 
decrease the predictive performance of a particular algorithm. </p></li> 
<li><p><strong>Curse of Dimensionality:</strong> It is harder to make inference 
and predictions in high dimensional spaces simply due to the fact that we need 
to sample a lot more observations. Think about it in this way, suppose that we 
sample 100 points lying on a flat solid square, and 100 points in a solid cube. 
The 100 points from the square will likely take up a larger proportion of its 
area, in comparison to the proportion of the cube&#39;s volume that the points 
sampled from it occupy. Hence we would need to sample more points from the cube 
in order to get better estimates of the different properties of 
 the cube, such as height, length, and width. This is shown in the following 
figure:</p></li> </ul> <table><thead> <tr> <th>100 Points Sampled From Unit 
Square</th> <th>100 Points Sampled From Unit Cube</th> </tr> </thead><tbody> 
<tr> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img alt="Square Samples" 
src="/images/machinelearning/featureselection/square100-df83c1ae.png"/></td> 
<td><img alt="Cube Samples" 
src="/images/machinelearning/featureselection/cube100-a8fe5433.png"/></td> 
</tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Dimensionality 
reduction is the process of applying a transformation to your feature vectors 
in order to produce a vector with the same or less number of features. 
Principal component Analysis (PCA) is a technique for dimensionality reduction. 
This can be treated as a data processing technique, and so with respect to the 
<a href="/customize/">DASE</a> framework, it will fall into the Data Preparator 
engine component.</p><p>This guide will also help to solidify 
 the concept of taking an engine template and customizing it for a particular 
use case: hand-written numeric digit recognition.</p><h2 id='data-example' 
class='header-anchors'>Data Example</h2><p>As a guiding example, a base data 
set, the <a href="https://www.kaggle.com/c/digit-recognizer/data";>MNIST digit 
recognition dataset</a>, is used. This is a perfect data set for dimensionality 
reduction, for, in this data set, the features that will be used for learning 
are pixel entries in a \(28 \times 28\) pixel image. There is really no direct 
interpretation of any one feature, so that you do not lose anything in applying 
a transformation that will treat the features as <a 
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_combination";>linear combinations</a> 
of some set &quot;convenient&quot; vectors.</p><p>Now, we first pull the <a 
href="/gallery/template-gallery/#classification">classification engine 
template</a> via the following bash line</p><div class="highlight shell"><table 
style="border-
 spacing: 0"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right"><pre 
class="lineno">1</pre></td><td class="code"><pre>git clone 
https://github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio-template-attribute-based-classifier.git
 &lt;Your new engine directory&gt;
 </pre></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>You should immediately be prompted 
with the following message:</p><div class="highlight shell"><table 
style="border-spacing: 0"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: 
right"><pre class="lineno">1</pre></td><td class="code"><pre>Please enter the 
template<span class="s1">'s Scala package name (e.g. com.mycompany):
 </span></pre></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>Go ahead and input 
<code>FeatureReduction</code>, and feel free to just press enter for the 
remaining message prompts. For the remainder of this guide, you will be working 
in your new engine directory, so go ahead and <code>cd</code> into your new 
engine directory. At this point, go ahead and run the command</p><div 
class="highlight shell"><table style="border-spacing: 0"><tbody><tr><td 
class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right"><pre class="lineno">1</pre></td><td 
class="code"><pre>pio build
 </pre></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>This will make sure that the 
PredictionIO dependency version for your project matches the version installed 
on your computer. Now, download the MNIST <code>train.csv</code> data set from 
the link above, and put this file in the <code>data</code> directory contained 
in the new engine directory.</p><h3 
id='<strong>optional</strong>:-visualizing-observations' class='header-anchors' 
><strong>Optional</strong>: Visualizing Observations</h3><p>If you want to 
actually convert the observation pixel data to an image go ahead and create a 
Python script called <code>picture_processing.py</code> into your data 
directory and copy and paste the following code into the script:</p><div 
class="highlight python"><table style="border-spacing: 0"><tbody><tr><td 
class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right"><pre class="lineno">1
@@ -739,4 +739,4 @@ pio deploy
 
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src="/javascripts/application-a6acb1f5.js"></script></body></html>
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-<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Modeling Workflow and DASE</title><meta 
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hidden-lg"><div id="page-title"><h1>Modeling Workflow and 
DASE</h1></div></div><div id="table-of-content-wrapper"><h5>On this 
page</h5><aside id="table-of-contents"><ul> <li> <a 
href="#training-the-model">Training The Model</a> </li> </ul> </aside><hr/><a 
id="edit-page-link" href="
 
https://github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio/tree/livedoc/docs/manual/source/machinelearning/modelingworkflow.html.md";><img
 src="/images/icons/edit-pencil-d6c1bb3d.png"/>Edit this page</a></div><div 
class="content-header hidden-sm hidden-xs"><div id="page-title"><h1>Modeling 
Workflow and DASE</h1></div></div><div class="content"> <p>In addition to the 
DASE components, we also introduce the Data Model and Training Model 
abstractions. The Data Model abstraction refers to the set of Scala classes 
dealing with the implementation of modeling choices relating to feature 
<strong>extraction</strong>, <strong>preparation</strong>, and/or 
<strong>selection</strong>. For this illustration, this only includes the 
vectorization of text and t.f.-i.d.f. processing which is entirely implemented 
in the PreparedData class. The Training Model abstraction refers to any set of 
classes that individually take in a set of feature observations and output a 
predictive model. This predictive model is leve
 raged by the Algorithm component to produce prediction results to queries in 
real-time. In the engine template, this abstraction is implemented in the 
NBModel class. <strong>Please note that these are conceptual abstractions that 
are designed to make engine development easier by decoupling class 
functionality.</strong> Keeping these abstractions in mind will help you in the 
future with debugging your code, and also make it easier to incorporate 
different modeling ideas into your engine.</p><p>The figure below shows a 
graphical representation of the engine architecture just described, as well as 
its interactions with your web/app and a provided Event Server:</p><p><img 
alt="Engine Overview" 
src="/images/demo/text_classification_template/engine_overview-27e09a89.png"/></p><h2
 id='training-the-model' class='header-anchors'>Training The Model</h2><p>This 
section will guide you through the two Training Model implementations that come 
with this engine template. Recall that the Training Mo
 del abstraction refers to an arbitrary set Scala Class that outputs a 
predictive model (i.e. implements some method that can be used for prediction). 
The general problem this engine template is tackling is text classification, so 
that our Training Model abstraction domain is restricted to implementations 
producing classifiers. In particular, the classification model that is 
implemented in this engine template is based on Multinomial Naive Bayes using 
t.f.-i.d.f. vectorized text.</p></div></div></div></div><footer><div 
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class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/sdk/php/"><span>PHP 
SDK</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/sdk/python/"><span>Python SDK</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a 
class="final" href="/sdk/ruby/"><span>Ruby SDK</span></a></li><li 
class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/sdk/community/"><span>Community Powered 
SDKs</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a 
class="expandible" href="#"><span>Deploying an Engine</span></a><ul><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/deploy/"><span>Deploying as a Web 
Service</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/batchpredict/"><span>Batch Predictions</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="fina
 l" href="/deploy/monitoring/"><span>Monitoring Engine</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/deploy/engineparams/"><span>Setting 
Engine Parameters</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/deploy/enginevariants/"><span>Deploying Multiple Engine 
Variants</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/deploy/plugin/"><span>Engine Server Plugin</span></a></li></ul></li><li 
class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Customizing an 
Engine</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/customize/"><span>Learning DASE</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a 
class="final" href="/customize/dase/"><span>Implement DASE</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/customize/troubleshooting/"><span>Troubleshooting Engine 
Development</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/api/current/#package"><span>Engine Scala 
APIs</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" 
href="#"><spa
 n>Collecting and Analyzing Data</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a 
class="final" href="/datacollection/"><span>Event Server 
Overview</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/datacollection/eventapi/"><span>Collecting Data with 
REST/SDKs</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/datacollection/eventmodel/"><span>Events Modeling</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/datacollection/webhooks/"><span>Unifying Multichannel Data with 
Webhooks</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/datacollection/channel/"><span>Channel</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/datacollection/batchimport/"><span>Importing Data in 
Batch</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/datacollection/analytics/"><span>Using Analytics 
Tools</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/datacollection/plugin/"><span>Event Server 
Plugin</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expan
 dible" href="#"><span>Choosing an Algorithm(s)</span></a><ul><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/algorithm/"><span>Built-in Algorithm 
Libraries</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/algorithm/switch/"><span>Switching to Another 
Algorithm</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/algorithm/multiple/"><span>Combining Multiple 
Algorithms</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/algorithm/custom/"><span>Adding Your Own 
Algorithms</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" 
href="#"><span>ML Tuning and Evaluation</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a 
class="final" href="/evaluation/"><span>Overview</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/evaluation/paramtuning/"><span>Hyperparameter Tuning</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/evaluation/evaluationdashboard/"><span>Evaluation 
Dashboard</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/evaluation/metriccho
 ose/"><span>Choosing Evaluation Metrics</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a 
class="final" href="/evaluation/metricbuild/"><span>Building Evaluation 
Metrics</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" 
href="#"><span>System Architecture</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a 
class="final" href="/system/"><span>Architecture Overview</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/system/anotherdatastore/"><span>Using 
Another Data Store</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a 
class="expandible" href="#"><span>PredictionIO® Official 
Templates</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/"><span>Intro</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a 
class="expandible" href="#"><span>Recommendation</span></a><ul><li 
class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/recommendation/quickstart/"><span>Quick 
Start</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/recommendation/dase/"><span>DASE</span></a></li><li class=
 "level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/recommendation/evaluation/"><span>Evaluation 
Explained</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/recommendation/how-to/"><span>How-To</span></a></li><li 
class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/recommendation/reading-custom-events/"><span>Read Custom 
Events</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/recommendation/customize-data-prep/"><span>Customize Data 
Preparator</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/recommendation/customize-serving/"><span>Customize 
Serving</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/recommendation/training-with-implicit-preference/"><span>Train 
with Implicit Preference</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/recommendation/blacklist-items/"><span>Filter Recommended 
Items by Blacklist in Query</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/recommendati
 on/batch-evaluator/"><span>Batch Persistable 
Evaluator</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-2"><a class="expandible" 
href="#"><span>E-Commerce Recommendation</span></a><ul><li class="level-3"><a 
class="final" href="/templates/ecommercerecommendation/quickstart/"><span>Quick 
Start</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/ecommercerecommendation/dase/"><span>DASE</span></a></li><li 
class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/ecommercerecommendation/how-to/"><span>How-To</span></a></li><li
 class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/ecommercerecommendation/train-with-rate-event/"><span>Train 
with Rate Event</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/ecommercerecommendation/adjust-score/"><span>Adjust 
Score</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-2"><a class="expandible" 
href="#"><span>Similar Product</span></a><ul><li class="level-3"><a 
class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/quickstart/"><span>Quick Start</
 span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/similarproduct/dase/"><span>DASE</span></a></li><li 
class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/similarproduct/how-to/"><span>How-To</span></a></li><li 
class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/similarproduct/multi-events-multi-algos/"><span>Multiple 
Events and Multiple Algorithms</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a 
class="final" 
href="/templates/similarproduct/return-item-properties/"><span>Returns Item 
Properties</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/similarproduct/train-with-rate-event/"><span>Train with Rate 
Event</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/similarproduct/rid-user-set-event/"><span>Get Rid of Events 
for Users</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/similarproduct/recommended-user/"><span>Recommend 
Users</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-2"><a class="expandible" 
href="#"><span>Classificati
 on</span></a><ul><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/classification/quickstart/"><span>Quick 
Start</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/classification/dase/"><span>DASE</span></a></li><li 
class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/classification/how-to/"><span>How-To</span></a></li><li 
class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/classification/add-algorithm/"><span>Use Alternative 
Algorithm</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" 
href="/templates/classification/reading-custom-properties/"><span>Read Custom 
Properties</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a 
class="expandible" href="#"><span>Engine Template Gallery</span></a><ul><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/gallery/template-gallery/"><span>Browse</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/community/submit-template/"><span>Submit your Engine as a 
Template</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expa
 ndible" href="#"><span>Demo Tutorials</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a 
class="final" href="/demo/tapster/"><span>Comics Recommendation 
Demo</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/demo/community/"><span>Community Contributed Demo</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/demo/textclassification/"><span>Text 
Classification Engine Tutorial</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a 
class="expandible" href="/community/"><span>Getting Involved</span></a><ul><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/community/contribute-code/"><span>Contribute Code</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/community/contribute-documentation/"><span>Contribute 
Documentation</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/community/contribute-sdk/"><span>Contribute a SDK</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/community/contribute-webhook/"><span>Contribute a 
Webhook</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="fi
 nal" href="/community/projects/"><span>Community 
Projects</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" 
href="#"><span>Getting Help</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/resources/faq/"><span>FAQs</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a 
class="final" href="/support/"><span>Support</span></a></li></ul></li><li 
class="level-1"><a class="expandible" 
href="#"><span>Resources</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/cli/"><span>Command-line Interface</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a 
class="final" href="/resources/release/"><span>Release 
Cadence</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/resources/intellij/"><span>Developing Engines with IntelliJ 
IDEA</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/resources/upgrade/"><span>Upgrade Instructions</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="/resources/glossary/"><span>Glossary</span></a></li></ul></li><li 
class="level-1"><a class="expandible
 " href="#"><span>Apache Software Foundation</span></a><ul><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" href="https://www.apache.org/";><span>Apache 
Homepage</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/";><span>License</span></a></li><li 
class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";><span>Sponsorship</span></a></li><li
 class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="https://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";><span>Thanks</span></a></li><li
 class="level-2"><a class="final" 
href="https://www.apache.org/security/";><span>Security</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><div
 class="col-md-9 col-sm-12"><div class="content-header hidden-md 
hidden-lg"><div id="page-title"><h1>Modeling Workflow and 
DASE</h1></div></div><div id="table-of-content-wrapper"><h5>On this 
page</h5><aside id="table-of-contents"><ul> <li> <a 
href="#training-the-model">Training The Model</a> </li> </ul> </aside><hr/><a 
id="edit-page-link" hre
 
f="https://github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio/tree/livedoc/docs/manual/source/machinelearning/modelingworkflow.html.md";><img
 src="/images/icons/edit-pencil-d6c1bb3d.png"/>Edit this page</a></div><div 
class="content-header hidden-sm hidden-xs"><div id="page-title"><h1>Modeling 
Workflow and DASE</h1></div></div><div class="content"> <p>In addition to the 
DASE components, we also introduce the Data Model and Training Model 
abstractions. The Data Model abstraction refers to the set of Scala classes 
dealing with the implementation of modeling choices relating to feature 
<strong>extraction</strong>, <strong>preparation</strong>, and/or 
<strong>selection</strong>. For this illustration, this only includes the 
vectorization of text and t.f.-i.d.f. processing which is entirely implemented 
in the PreparedData class. The Training Model abstraction refers to any set of 
classes that individually take in a set of feature observations and output a 
predictive model. This predictive model is l
 everaged by the Algorithm component to produce prediction results to queries 
in real-time. In the engine template, this abstraction is implemented in the 
NBModel class. <strong>Please note that these are conceptual abstractions that 
are designed to make engine development easier by decoupling class 
functionality.</strong> Keeping these abstractions in mind will help you in the 
future with debugging your code, and also make it easier to incorporate 
different modeling ideas into your engine.</p><p>The figure below shows a 
graphical representation of the engine architecture just described, as well as 
its interactions with your web/app and a provided Event Server:</p><p><img 
alt="Engine Overview" 
src="/images/demo/text_classification_template/engine_overview-27e09a89.png"/></p><h2
 id='training-the-model' class='header-anchors'>Training The Model</h2><p>This 
section will guide you through the two Training Model implementations that come 
with this engine template. Recall that the Training
  Model abstraction refers to an arbitrary set Scala Class that outputs a 
predictive model (i.e. implements some method that can be used for prediction). 
The general problem this engine template is tackling is text classification, so 
that our Training Model abstraction domain is restricted to implementations 
producing classifiers. In particular, the classification model that is 
implemented in this engine template is based on Multinomial Naive Bayes using 
t.f.-i.d.f. vectorized text.</p></div></div></div></div><footer><div 
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