http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-predictionio-site/blob/d622bec7/evaluation/index.html ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/evaluation/index.html b/evaluation/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4268ba --- /dev/null +++ b/evaluation/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>ML Tuning and Evaluation</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><meta content="IE=edge,chrome=1" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta class="swiftype" name="title" data-type="string" content="ML Tuning and Evaluation"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://predictionio.incubator.apache.org/evaluation/"/><link href="/images/favicon/normal-b330020a.png" rel="shortcut icon"/><link href="/images/favicon/apple-c0febcf2.png" rel="apple-touch-icon"/><link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,400,300,600,700,800" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.2.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="/stylesheets/application-3a3867f7.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script><script src="//cdn.mathjax.org/mathja x/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><script src="//use.typekit.net/pqo0itb.js"></script><script>try{Typekit.load({ async: true });}catch(e){}</script></head><body><div id="global"><header><div class="container" id="header-wrapper"><div class="row"><div class="col-sm-12"><div id="logo-wrapper"><span id="drawer-toggle"></span><a href="#"></a><a href="http://predictionio.incubator.apache.org/";><img alt="PredictionIO" id="logo" src="/images/logos/logo-ee2b9bb3.png"/></a></div><div id="menu-wrapper"><div id="pill-wrapper"><a class="pill left" href="/gallery/template-gallery">TEMPLATES</a> <a class="pill right" href="//github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio/">OPEN SOURCE</a></div></div><img class="mobile-search-bar-toggler hidden-md hidden-lg" src="/images/icons/search-glass-704bd4ff.png"/></div></div></div></header><div id="search-bar-row-wrapper"><div class="container-fluid" id="search-bar-row"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-9 col-sm-11 col-xs-11"><div clas s="hidden-md hidden-lg" id="mobile-page-heading-wrapper"><p>PredictionIO Docs</p><h4>Overview</h4></div><h4 class="hidden-sm hidden-xs">PredictionIO Docs</h4></div><div class="col-md-3 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 hidden-md hidden-lg"><img id="left-menu-indicator" src="/images/icons/down-arrow-dfe9f7fe.png"/></div><div class="col-md-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 swiftype-wrapper"><div class="swiftype"><form class="search-form"><img class="search-box-toggler hidden-xs hidden-sm" src="/images/icons/search-glass-704bd4ff.png"/><div class="search-box"><img src="/images/icons/search-glass-704bd4ff.png"/><input type="text" id="st-search-input" class="st-search-input" placeholder="Search Doc..."/></div><img class="swiftype-row-hider hidden-md hidden-lg" src="/images/icons/drawer-toggle-active-fcbef12a.png"/></form></div></div><div class="mobile-left-menu-toggler hidden-md hidden-lg"></div></div></div></div><div id="page" class="container-fluid"><div class="row"><div id="left-menu-wrapper" class="col-md-3"><n av id="nav-main"><ul><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="/"><span>Apache PredictionIO (incubating) Documentation</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/"><span>Welcome to Apache PredictionIO (incubating)</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Getting Started</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/start/"><span>A Quick Intro</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/install/"><span>Installing Apache PredictionIO (incubating)</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/start/download/"><span>Downloading an Engine Template</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/start/deploy/"><span>Deploying Your First Engine</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/start/customize/"><span>Customizing the Engine</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Integrating with Your App</span></a><ul><li class= "level-2"><a class="final" href="/appintegration/"><span>App Integration Overview</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="expandible" href="/sdk/"><span>List of SDKs</span></a><ul><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/sdk/java/"><span>Java & Android SDK</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/sdk/php/"><span>PHP SDK</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/sdk/python/"><span>Python SDK</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/sdk/ruby/"><span>Ruby SDK</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/sdk/community/"><span>Community Powered SDKs</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Deploying an Engine</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/deploy/"><span>Deploying as a Web Service</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/cli/#engine-commands"><span>Engine Command-line Interface</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a clas s="final" href="/batchpredict/"><span>Batch Predictions</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/deploy/monitoring/"><span>Monitoring Engine</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/deploy/engineparams/"><span>Setting Engine Parameters</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/deploy/enginevariants/"><span>Deploying Multiple Engine Variants</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Customizing an Engine</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/customize/"><span>Learning DASE</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/customize/dase/"><span>Implement DASE</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/customize/troubleshooting/"><span>Troubleshooting Engine Development</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/api/current/#package"><span>Engine Scala APIs</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#">< span>Collecting and Analyzing Data</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/"><span>Event Server Overview</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/cli/#event-server-commands"><span>Event Server Command-line Interface</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/eventapi/"><span>Collecting Data with REST/SDKs</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/eventmodel/"><span>Events Modeling</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/webhooks/"><span>Unifying Multichannel Data with Webhooks</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/channel/"><span>Channel</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/batchimport/"><span>Importing Data in Batch</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/analytics/"><span>Using Analytics Tools</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="l evel-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Choosing an Algorithm(s)</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/algorithm/"><span>Built-in Algorithm Libraries</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/algorithm/switch/"><span>Switching to Another Algorithm</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/algorithm/multiple/"><span>Combining Multiple Algorithms</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/algorithm/custom/"><span>Adding Your Own Algorithms</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>ML Tuning and Evaluation</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final active" href="/evaluation/"><span>Overview</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/evaluation/paramtuning/"><span>Hyperparameter Tuning</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/evaluation/evaluationdashboard/"><span>Evaluation Dashboard</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="fina l" href="/evaluation/metricchoose/"><span>Choosing Evaluation Metrics</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/evaluation/metricbuild/"><span>Building Evaluation Metrics</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>System Architecture</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/system/"><span>Architecture Overview</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/system/anotherdatastore/"><span>Using Another Data Store</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>PredictionIO Official Templates</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/templates/"><span>Intro</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Recommendation</span></a><ul><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/quickstart/"><span>Quick Start</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/dase/"><span>DA SE</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/evaluation/"><span>Evaluation Explained</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/how-to/"><span>How-To</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/reading-custom-events/"><span>Read Custom Events</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/customize-data-prep/"><span>Customize Data Preparator</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/customize-serving/"><span>Customize Serving</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/training-with-implicit-preference/"><span>Train with Implicit Preference</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/blacklist-items/"><span>Filter Recommended Items by Blacklist in Query</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" h ref="/templates/recommendation/batch-evaluator/"><span>Batch Persistable Evaluator</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-2"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>E-Commerce Recommendation</span></a><ul><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/ecommercerecommendation/quickstart/"><span>Quick Start</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/ecommercerecommendation/dase/"><span>DASE</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/ecommercerecommendation/how-to/"><span>How-To</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/ecommercerecommendation/train-with-rate-event/"><span>Train with Rate Event</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/ecommercerecommendation/adjust-score/"><span>Adjust Score</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-2"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Similar Product</span></a><ul><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/quic kstart/"><span>Quick Start</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/dase/"><span>DASE</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/how-to/"><span>How-To</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/multi-events-multi-algos/"><span>Multiple Events and Multiple Algorithms</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/return-item-properties/"><span>Returns Item Properties</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/train-with-rate-event/"><span>Train with Rate Event</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/rid-user-set-event/"><span>Get Rid of Events for Users</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/recommended-user/"><span>Recommend Users</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-2"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Classification</span></a><ul><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/classification/quickstart/"><span>Quick Start</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/classification/dase/"><span>DASE</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/classification/how-to/"><span>How-To</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/classification/add-algorithm/"><span>Use Alternative Algorithm</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/classification/reading-custom-properties/"><span>Read Custom Properties</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Engine Template Gallery</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/gallery/template-gallery/"><span>Browse</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/community/submit-template/"><span>Submit your Engine as a Template</span></a></li></ul></li><li cl ass="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Demo Tutorials</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/demo/tapster/"><span>Comics Recommendation Demo</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/demo/community/"><span>Community Contributed Demo</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/demo/textclassification/"><span>Text Classification Engine Tutorial</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="/community/"><span>Getting Involved</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/community/contribute-code/"><span>Contribute Code</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/community/contribute-documentation/"><span>Contribute Documentation</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/community/contribute-sdk/"><span>Contribute a SDK</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/community/contribute-webhook/"><span>Contribute a Webhook</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/community/projects/"><span>Community Projects</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Getting Help</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/resources/faq/"><span>FAQs</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/support/"><span>Support</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Resources</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/resources/release/"><span>Release Cadence</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/resources/intellij/"><span>Developing Engines with IntelliJ IDEA</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/resources/upgrade/"><span>Upgrade Instructions</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/resources/glossary/"><span>Glossary</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><div class="col-md-9 col-sm-12"><div class="content-header hidden-md hidden-lg"><div id=" breadcrumbs" class="hidden-sm hidden xs"><ul><li><a href="#">ML Tuning and Evaluation</a><span class="spacer">></span></li><li><span class="last">Overview</span></li></ul></div><div id="page-title"><h1>ML Tuning and Evaluation</h1></div></div><div id="table-of-content-wrapper"><a id="edit-page-link" href="https://github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio/tree/livedoc/docs/manual/source/evaluation/index.html.md";><img src="/images/icons/edit-pencil-d6c1bb3d.png"/>Edit this page</a></div><div class="content-header hidden-sm hidden-xs"><div id="breadcrumbs" class="hidden-sm hidden xs"><ul><li><a href="#">ML Tuning and Evaluation</a><span class="spacer">></span></li><li><span class="last">Overview</span></li></ul></div><div id="page-title"><h1>ML Tuning and Evaluation</h1></div></div><div class="content"> <p>PredictionIO's evaluation module allows you to streamline the process of testing lots of knobs in engine parameters and deploy the best one out of it using statisically soun d cross-validation methods.</p><p>There are two key components:</p><h3 id='engine' class='header-anchors'>Engine</h3><p>It is our evaluation target. During evaluation, in addition to the <em>train</em> and <em>deploy</em> mode we describe in earlier sections, the engine also generates a list of testing data points. These data points are a sequence of <em>Query</em> and <em>Actual Result</em> tuples. <em>Queries</em> are sent to the engine and the engine responds with a <em>Predicted Result</em>, in the same way as how the engine serves a query.</p><h3 id='evaluator' class='header-anchors'>Evaluator</h3><p>The evaluator joins the sequence of <em>Query</em>, <em>Predicted Result</em>, and <em>Actual Result</em> together and evaluates the quality of the engine. PredictionIO enables you to implement any metric with just a few lines of code.</p><p><img alt="PredictionIO Evaluation Overview" src="/images/engine-evaluation-4ab1bfeb.png"/></p><p>We will discuss various aspects of evaluation with PredictionIO.</p> <ul> <li><a href="/evaluation/paramtuning/">Hyperparameter Tuning</a> - it is an end-to-end example of using PredictionIO evaluation module to select and deploy the best engine parameter.</li> <li><a href="/evaluation/evaluationdashboard/">Evaluation Dashboard</a> - it is the dashboard where you can see a detailed breakdown of all previous evaluations.</li> <li><a href="/evaluation/metricchoose/">Choosing Evaluation Metrics</a> - we cover some basic machine learning metrics</li> <li><a href="/evaluation/metricbuild/">Bulding Evaluation Metrics</a> - we illustrate how to implement a custom metric with as few as one line of code (plus some boilerplates).</li> </ul> </div></div></div></div><footer><div class="container"><div class="seperator"></div><div class="row"><div class="col-md-6 footer-link-column"><div class="footer-link-column-row"><h4>Community</h4><ul><li><a href="//predictionio.incubator.apache.org/install/" target="blank">Download</a></li><li><a hre f="//predictionio.incubator.apache.org/" target="blank">Docs</a></li><li><a href="//github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio" target="blank">GitHub</a></li><li><a href="mailto:[email protected]"; target="blank">Subscribe to User Mailing List</a></li><li><a href="//stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/predictionio" target="blank">Stackoverflow</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-md-6 footer-link-column"><div class="footer-link-column-row"><h4>Contribute</h4><ul><li><a href="//predictionio.incubator.apache.org/community/contribute-code/" target="blank">Contribute</a></li><li><a href="//github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio" target="blank">Source Code</a></li><li><a href="//issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIO" target="blank">Bug Tracker</a></li><li><a href="mailto:[email protected]"; target="blank">Subscribe to Development Mailing List</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="row"><div class="col-md-12 footer-link-column" ><a class="pull-right" >href="http://incubator.apache.org/projects/predictionio.html";><img >alt="Apache Incubator" >src="/images/logos/apache_incubator-6954bd16.png"/></a><span>Apache >PredictionIO is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software >Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the Apache Incubator. Incubation is required >of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that the >infrastructure, communications, and decision making process have stabilized >in a manner consistent with other successful ASF projects. While incubation >status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness or stability of >the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by >the ASF.</span></div></div></div><div id="footer-bottom"><div >class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-12"><div >id="footer-logo-wrapper"><img alt="PredictionIO" >src="/images/logos/logo-white-d1e9c6e6.png"/></div><div >id="social-icons-wrapper"><a class="github-button" href="https: //github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio" data-style="mega" data-count-href="/apache/incubator-predictionio/stargazers" data-count-api="/repos/apache/incubator-predictionio#stargazers_count" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star apache/incubator-predictionio on GitHub">Star</a> <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio/fork"; data-icon="octicon-git-branch" data-style="mega" data-count-href="/apache/incubator-predictionio/network" data-count-api="/repos/apache/incubator-predictionio#forks_count" data-count-aria-label="# forks on GitHub" aria-label="Fork apache/incubator-predictionio on GitHub">Fork</a> <script id="github-bjs" async="" defer="" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js";></script><a href="https://twitter.com/predictionio"; target="blank"><img alt="PredictionIO on Twitter" src="/images/icons/twitter-ea9dc152.png"/></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/predictionio"; target="blank"><img alt="PredictionIO on Facebook" src="/images/icons/facebook-5c57939c.png"/></a> </div></div></div></div></div></footer></div><script>(function(w,d,t,u,n,s,e){w['SwiftypeObject']=n;w[n]=w[n]||function(){ +(w[n].q=w[n].q||[]).push(arguments);};s=d.createElement(t); +e=d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0];s.async=1;s.src=u;e.parentNode.insertBefore(s,e); +})(window,document,'script','//s.swiftypecdn.com/install/v1/st.js','_st'); + +_st('install','HaUfpXXV87xoB_zzCQ45');</script><script src="/javascripts/application-3058a372.js"></script></body></html> \ No newline at end of file
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-predictionio-site/blob/d622bec7/evaluation/index.html.gz ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/evaluation/index.html.gz b/evaluation/index.html.gz new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d975c66 Binary files /dev/null and b/evaluation/index.html.gz differ http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-predictionio-site/blob/d622bec7/evaluation/metricbuild/index.html ---------------------------------------------------------------------- diff --git a/evaluation/metricbuild/index.html b/evaluation/metricbuild/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..67b8d3f --- /dev/null +++ b/evaluation/metricbuild/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Building Evaluation Metrics</title><meta charset="utf-8"/><meta content="IE=edge,chrome=1" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><meta class="swiftype" name="title" data-type="string" content="Building Evaluation Metrics"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://predictionio.incubator.apache.org/evaluation/metricbuild/"/><link href="/images/favicon/normal-b330020a.png" rel="shortcut icon"/><link href="/images/favicon/apple-c0febcf2.png" rel="apple-touch-icon"/><link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,400,300,600,700,800" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.2.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/><link href="/stylesheets/application-3a3867f7.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/><script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script><script src="//cdn. mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script><script src="//use.typekit.net/pqo0itb.js"></script><script>try{Typekit.load({ async: true });}catch(e){}</script></head><body><div id="global"><header><div class="container" 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class="spacer">></span></li><li><span class="last">Building Evaluation Metrics</span></li></ul></div><div id="page-title"><h1>Building Evaluation Metrics</h1></div></div><div id="table-of-content-wrapper"><h5>On this page</h5><aside id="table-of-contents"><ul> <li> <a href="#overview">Overview</a> </li> <li> <a href="#example-1-accuracy-metric">Example 1: Accuracy Metric</a> </li> <li> <a href="#example-2-precision-metric">Example 2: Precision Metric</a> </li> </ul> </aside><hr/><a id="edit-page-link" href="https://github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio/tree/livedoc/docs/manual/source/evaluation/metricbuild.html.md";><img src="/images/icons/edit-pencil-d6c1bb3d.png"/>Edit this page</a></div><div class="content-header hidden-sm hidden-xs"><div id="breadcrumbs" class="hidden-sm hidden xs"><ul><li><a href="#">ML Tuning and Evaluation</a><span class="sp acer">></span></li><li><span class="last">Building Evaluation Metrics</span></li></ul></div><div id="page-title"><h1>Building Evaluation Metrics</h1></div></div><div class="content"> <p>PredictionIO enables developer to implement evaluation custom evaluation metric with just a few lines of code. We illustrate it with <a href="/templates/classification/quickstart/">the classification template</a>.</p><h2 id='overview' class='header-anchors'>Overview</h2><p>A simplistic form of metric is a function which takes a <code>(Query, PredictedResult, ActualResult)</code>-tuple (<em>QPA-tuple</em>) as input and return a score. Exploiting this properties allows us to implement custom metric with a single line of code (plus some boilerplates). We demonstate this with two metrics: accuracy and precision.</p> <h2 id='example-1:-accuracy-metric' class='header-anchors'>Example 1: Accuracy Metric</h2><p>Accuracy is a metric capturing the portion of correct prediction among all test data points. A way to model this is for each correct QPA-tuple, we give a score of 1.0 and otherwise 0.0, then we take an average of all tuple scores.</p><p>PredictionIO has a [[AverageMetric]] helper class which provides this feature. This class takes 4 type parameters, [[EvalInfo]], [[Query]], [[PredictedResult]], and [[ActualResult]], these types can be found from the engine's signature. Line 5 below is the custom calculation.</p><div class="highlight scala"><table style="border-spacing: 0"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right"><pre class="lineno">1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6</pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="k">case</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Accuracy</span> + <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nc">AverageMetric</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="kt">EmptyEvaluationInfo</span>, <span class="kt">Query</span>, <span class="kt">PredictedResult</span>, <span class="kt">ActualResult</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">{</span> + <span class="k">def</span> <span class="n">calculate</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="k">:</span> <span class="kt">Query</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">predicted</span><span class="k">:</span> <span class="kt">PredictedResult</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">actual</span><span class="k">:</span> <span class="kt">ActualResult</span><span class="o">)</span> + <span class="k">:</span> <span class="kt">Double</span> <span class="o">=</span> + <span class="o">(</span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">predicted</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">actual</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="mf">1.0</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="o">)</span> +<span class="o">}</span> +</pre></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>Once we define a metric, we tell PredictionIO we are using it in the <code>Evaluation</code> object. We can run the following command to kick start the evaluation.</p><div class="highlight shell"><table style="border-spacing: 0"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right"><pre class="lineno">1 +2 +3 +4 +5</pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="gp">$ </span>pio build +... +<span class="gp">$ </span>pio <span class="nb">eval </span>org.template.classification.AccuracyEvaluation <span class="se">\</span> + org.template.classification.EngineParamsList +... +</pre></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>(See MyClassification/src/main/scala/<strong><em>Evaluation.scala</em></strong> for full usage.)</p><h2 id='example-2:-precision-metric' class='header-anchors'>Example 2: Precision Metric</h2><p>Precision is a metric for binary classifier capturing the portion of correction prediction among all <em>positive</em> predictions. We don't care about the cases where the QPA-tuple gives a negative prediction. (Recall that a binary classifier only provide two output values: <em>positive</em> and <em>negative</em>.) The following table illustrates all four cases:</p> <table><thead> <tr> <th style="text-align: center">PredictedResult</th> <th style="text-align: center">ActualResult</th> <th style="text-align: center">Value</th> </tr> </thead><tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">Positive</td> <td style="text-align: center">Positive</td> <td style="text-align: center">1.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">Positive</td> <td style ="text-align: center">Negative</td> <td style="text-align: center">0.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">Negative</td> <td style="text-align: center">Positive</td> <td style="text-align: center">Don't care</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center">Negative</td> <td style="text-align: center">Negative</td> <td style="text-align: center">Don't care</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Calculating the precision metric is a slightly more involved procedure than calculating the accuracy metric as we have to specially handle the <em>don't care</em> negative cases.</p><p>PredictionIO provides a helper class <code>OptionAverageMetric</code> allows user to specify <em>don't care</em> values as <code>None</code>. It only aggregates the non-None values. Lines 3 to 4 is the method signature of <code>calcuate</code> method. The key difference is that the return value is a <code>Option[Double]</code>, in contrast to <code>Double</code> for <code>AverageMetric</code>. T his class only computes the average of <code>Some(.)</code> results. Lines 5 to 13 are the actual logic. The first <code>if</code> factors out the positively predicted case, and the computation is simliar to the accuracy metric. The negatively predicted case are the <em>don't cares</em>, which we return <code>None</code>.</p><div class="highlight scala"><table style="border-spacing: 0"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right"><pre class="lineno">1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 +10 +11 +12 +13 +14 +15</pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="k">case</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Precision</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="k">:</span> <span class="kt">Double</span><span class="o">)</span> + <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nc">OptionAverageMetric</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="kt">EmptyEvaluationInfo</span>, <span class="kt">Query</span>, <span class="kt">PredictedResult</span>, <span class="kt">ActualResult</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">{</span> + <span class="k">def</span> <span class="n">calculate</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="k">:</span> <span class="kt">Query</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">predicted</span><span class="k">:</span> <span class="kt">PredictedResult</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">actual</span><span class="k">:</span> <span class="kt">ActualResult</span><span class="o">)</span> + <span class="k">:</span> <span class="kt">Option</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="kt">Double</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="k">=</span> <span class="o">{</span> + <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">predicted</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span> + <span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">predicted</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">actual</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span> + <span class="nc">Some</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="c1">// True positive +</span> <span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="o">{</span> + <span class="nc">Some</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="c1">// False positive +</span> <span class="o">}</span> + <span class="o">}</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="o">{</span> + <span class="nc">None</span> <span class="c1">// Unrelated case for calcuating precision +</span> <span class="o">}</span> + <span class="o">}</span> +<span class="o">}</span> +</pre></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>We define a new <code>Evaluation</code> object to tell PredictionIO how to use this new precision metric.</p><div class="highlight shell"><table style="border-spacing: 0"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right"><pre class="lineno">1 +2 +3</pre></td><td class="code"><pre>object PrecisionEvaluation extends Evaluation <span class="o">{</span> + engineMetric <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">(</span>ClassificationEngine<span class="o">()</span>, new Precision<span class="o">(</span>label <span class="o">=</span> 1.0<span class="o">))</span> +<span class="o">}</span> +</pre></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>We can kickstarts the evaluation with the following command, notice that we are reusing the same engine params list as before. This address the separation of concern when we conduct hyperparameter tuning.</p><div class="highlight shell"><table style="border-spacing: 0"><tbody><tr><td class="gutter gl" style="text-align: right"><pre class="lineno">1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 +10 +11 +12 +13 +14 +15 +16 +17 +18 +19 +20 +21 +22 +23 +24 +25 +26 +27 +28 +29 +30 +31 +32 +33 +34 +35 +36 +37 +38 +39 +40 +41 +42 +43 +44 +45 +46</pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="gp">$ </span>pio build +... +<span class="gp">$ </span>pio <span class="nb">eval </span>org.template.classification.PrecisionEvaluation <span class="se">\</span> + org.template.classification.EngineParamsList +... +<span class="o">[</span>INFO] <span class="o">[</span>CoreWorkflow<span class="nv">$]</span> Starting evaluation instance ID: SMhzYbJ9QgKkD0fQzTA7MA +... +<span class="o">[</span>INFO] <span class="o">[</span>MetricEvaluator] Iteration 0 +<span class="o">[</span>INFO] <span class="o">[</span>MetricEvaluator] EngineParams: <span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">"dataSourceParams"</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">""</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">"appId"</span>:19,<span class="s2">"evalK"</span>:5<span class="o">}}</span>,<span class="s2">"preparatorParams"</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">""</span>:<span class="o">{}}</span>,<span class="s2">"algorithmParamsList"</span>:[<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">"naive"</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">"lambda"</span>:10.0<span class="o">}}]</span>,<span class="s2">"servingParams"</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">""</span>:<span class="o">{}}}</span> +<span class="o">[</span>INFO] <span class="o">[</span>MetricEvaluator] Result: MetricScores<span class="o">(</span>0.8846153846153846,List<span class="o">())</span> +<span class="o">[</span>INFO] <span class="o">[</span>MetricEvaluator] Iteration 1 +<span class="o">[</span>INFO] <span class="o">[</span>MetricEvaluator] EngineParams: <span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">"dataSourceParams"</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">""</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">"appId"</span>:19,<span class="s2">"evalK"</span>:5<span class="o">}}</span>,<span class="s2">"preparatorParams"</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">""</span>:<span class="o">{}}</span>,<span class="s2">"algorithmParamsList"</span>:[<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">"naive"</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">"lambda"</span>:100.0<span class="o">}}]</span>,<span class="s2">"servingParams"</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">""</span>:<span class="o">{}}}</span> +<span class="o">[</span>INFO] <span class="o">[</span>MetricEvaluator] Result: MetricScores<span class="o">(</span>0.7936507936507936,List<span class="o">())</span> +<span class="o">[</span>INFO] <span class="o">[</span>MetricEvaluator] Iteration 2 +<span class="o">[</span>INFO] <span class="o">[</span>MetricEvaluator] EngineParams: <span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">"dataSourceParams"</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">""</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">"appId"</span>:19,<span class="s2">"evalK"</span>:5<span class="o">}}</span>,<span class="s2">"preparatorParams"</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">""</span>:<span class="o">{}}</span>,<span class="s2">"algorithmParamsList"</span>:[<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">"naive"</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">"lambda"</span>:1000.0<span class="o">}}]</span>,<span class="s2">"servingParams"</span>:<span class="o">{</span><span class="s2">""</span>:<span class="o">{}}}</span> +<span class="o">[</span>INFO] <span class="o">[</span>MetricEvaluator] Result: MetricScores<span class="o">(</span>0.37593984962406013,List<span class="o">())</span> +<span class="o">[</span>INFO] <span class="o">[</span>CoreWorkflow<span class="nv">$]</span> Updating evaluation instance with result: MetricEvaluatorResult: + <span class="c"># engine params evaluated: 3</span> +Optimal Engine Params: + <span class="o">{</span> + <span class="s2">"dataSourceParams"</span>:<span class="o">{</span> + <span class="s2">""</span>:<span class="o">{</span> + <span class="s2">"appId"</span>:19, + <span class="s2">"evalK"</span>:5 + <span class="o">}</span> + <span class="o">}</span>, + <span class="s2">"preparatorParams"</span>:<span class="o">{</span> + <span class="s2">""</span>:<span class="o">{</span> + + <span class="o">}</span> + <span class="o">}</span>, + <span class="s2">"algorithmParamsList"</span>:[ + <span class="o">{</span> + <span class="s2">"naive"</span>:<span class="o">{</span> + <span class="s2">"lambda"</span>:10.0 + <span class="o">}</span> + <span class="o">}</span> + <span class="o">]</span>, + <span class="s2">"servingParams"</span>:<span class="o">{</span> + <span class="s2">""</span>:<span class="o">{</span> + + <span class="o">}</span> + <span class="o">}</span> +<span class="o">}</span> +Metrics: + org.template.classification.Precision: 0.8846153846153846 +</pre></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>(See MyClassification/src/main/scala/<strong><em>PrecisionEvaluation.scala</em></strong> for the full usage.)</p></div></div></div></div><footer><div class="container"><div class="seperator"></div><div class="row"><div class="col-md-6 footer-link-column"><div class="footer-link-column-row"><h4>Community</h4><ul><li><a href="//predictionio.incubator.apache.org/install/" target="blank">Download</a></li><li><a href="//predictionio.incubator.apache.org/" target="blank">Docs</a></li><li><a href="//github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio" target="blank">GitHub</a></li><li><a href="mailto:[email protected]"; target="blank">Subscribe to User Mailing List</a></li><li><a href="//stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/predictionio" target="blank">Stackoverflow</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-md-6 footer-link-column"><div 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id="mobile-page-heading-wrapper"><p>PredictionIO Docs</p><h4>Choosing Evaluation Metrics</h4></div><h4 class="hidden-sm hidden-xs">PredictionIO Docs</h4></div><div class="col-md-3 col-sm-1 col-xs-1 hidden-md hidden-lg"><img id="left-menu-indicator" src="/images/icons/down-arrow-dfe9f7fe.png"/></div><div class="col-md-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 swiftype-wrapper"><div class="swiftype"><form class="search-form"><img class="search-box-toggler hidden-xs hidden-sm" src="/images/icons/search-glass-704bd4ff.png"/><div class="search-box"><img src="/images/icons/search-glass-704bd4ff.png"/><input type="text" id="st-search-input" class="st-search-input" placeholder="Search Doc..."/></div><img class="swiftype-row-hider hidden-md hidden-lg" src="/images/icons/drawer-toggle-active-fcbef12a.png"/></form></div></div><div class="mobile-left-menu-toggler hidden-md hidden-lg"></div></div></div></div><div id="page" class="container-fluid"><div class="row"><div id=" left-menu-wrapper" class="col-md-3"><nav id="nav-main"><ul><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="/"><span>Apache PredictionIO (incubating) Documentation</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/"><span>Welcome to Apache PredictionIO (incubating)</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Getting Started</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/start/"><span>A Quick Intro</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/install/"><span>Installing Apache PredictionIO (incubating)</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/start/download/"><span>Downloading an Engine Template</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/start/deploy/"><span>Deploying Your First Engine</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/start/customize/"><span>Customizing the Engine</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Integrating with Your App</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/appintegration/"><span>App Integration Overview</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="expandible" href="/sdk/"><span>List of SDKs</span></a><ul><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/sdk/java/"><span>Java & Android SDK</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/sdk/php/"><span>PHP SDK</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/sdk/python/"><span>Python SDK</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/sdk/ruby/"><span>Ruby SDK</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/sdk/community/"><span>Community Powered SDKs</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Deploying an Engine</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/deploy/"><span>Deploying as a Web Service</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/cli/#engine-commands"><span>Engine Command-line Interface</spa n></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/batchpredict/"><span>Batch Predictions</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/deploy/monitoring/"><span>Monitoring Engine</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/deploy/engineparams/"><span>Setting Engine Parameters</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/deploy/enginevariants/"><span>Deploying Multiple Engine Variants</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Customizing an Engine</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/customize/"><span>Learning DASE</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/customize/dase/"><span>Implement DASE</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/customize/troubleshooting/"><span>Troubleshooting Engine Development</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/api/current/#package"><span>Engine Scala APIs</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="lev el-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Collecting and Analyzing Data</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/"><span>Event Server Overview</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/cli/#event-server-commands"><span>Event Server Command-line Interface</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/eventapi/"><span>Collecting Data with REST/SDKs</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/eventmodel/"><span>Events Modeling</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/webhooks/"><span>Unifying Multichannel Data with Webhooks</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/channel/"><span>Channel</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/batchimport/"><span>Importing Data in Batch</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/datacollection/analytics/"><span>Using Analytics Tools </span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Choosing an Algorithm(s)</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/algorithm/"><span>Built-in Algorithm Libraries</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/algorithm/switch/"><span>Switching to Another Algorithm</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/algorithm/multiple/"><span>Combining Multiple Algorithms</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/algorithm/custom/"><span>Adding Your Own Algorithms</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>ML Tuning and Evaluation</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/evaluation/"><span>Overview</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/evaluation/paramtuning/"><span>Hyperparameter Tuning</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/evaluation/evaluationdashboard/"><span>Evaluation Dashboard</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final active" href="/evaluation/metricchoose/"><span>Choosing Evaluation Metrics</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/evaluation/metricbuild/"><span>Building Evaluation Metrics</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>System Architecture</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/system/"><span>Architecture Overview</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/system/anotherdatastore/"><span>Using Another Data Store</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>PredictionIO Official Templates</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/templates/"><span>Intro</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Recommendation</span></a><ul><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/quickstart/"><span>Quick Start</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/te mplates/recommendation/dase/"><span>DASE</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/evaluation/"><span>Evaluation Explained</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/how-to/"><span>How-To</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/reading-custom-events/"><span>Read Custom Events</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/customize-data-prep/"><span>Customize Data Preparator</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/customize-serving/"><span>Customize Serving</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/training-with-implicit-preference/"><span>Train with Implicit Preference</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/recommendation/blacklist-items/"><span>Filter Recommended Items by Blacklist in Query</span></a></li> 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href="/templates/similarproduct/quickstart/"><span>Quick Start</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/dase/"><span>DASE</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/how-to/"><span>How-To</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/multi-events-multi-algos/"><span>Multiple Events and Multiple Algorithms</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/return-item-properties/"><span>Returns Item Properties</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/train-with-rate-event/"><span>Train with Rate Event</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/rid-user-set-event/"><span>Get Rid of Events for Users</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/similarproduct/recommended-user/"><span>Recommend Users</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="level-2"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Classification</span></a><ul><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/classification/quickstart/"><span>Quick Start</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/classification/dase/"><span>DASE</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/classification/how-to/"><span>How-To</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/classification/add-algorithm/"><span>Use Alternative Algorithm</span></a></li><li class="level-3"><a class="final" href="/templates/classification/reading-custom-properties/"><span>Read Custom Properties</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="level-1"><a class="expandible" href="#"><span>Engine Template Gallery</span></a><ul><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/gallery/template-gallery/"><span>Browse</span></a></li><li class="level-2"><a class="final" href="/community/submit-template/"><span>Submit your Engine as a Te 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-header hidden-md hidden-lg"><div id="breadcrumbs" class="hidden-sm hidden xs"><ul><li><a href="#">ML Tuning and Evaluation</a><span class="spacer">></span></li><li><span class="last">Choosing Evaluation Metrics</span></li></ul></div><div id="page-title"><h1>Choosing Evaluation Metrics</h1></div></div><div id="table-of-content-wrapper"><h5>On this page</h5><aside id="table-of-contents"><ul> <li> <a href="#defining-metric">Defining Metric</a> </li> <li> <a href="#common-metrics">Common Metrics</a> </li> </ul> </aside><hr/><a id="edit-page-link" href="https://github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio/tree/livedoc/docs/manual/source/evaluation/metricchoose.html.md";><img src="/images/icons/edit-pencil-d6c1bb3d.png"/>Edit this page</a></div><div class="content-header hidden-sm hidden-xs"><div id="breadcrumbs" class="hidden-sm hidden xs"><ul><li><a href="#">ML Tuning and Evaluation</a><span class="spacer">></span></li><li><span class="last">Choosing Evaluation Metrics</span></li></ul ></div><div id="page-title"><h1>Choosing Evaluation >Metrics</h1></div></div><div class="content"> <p>The <a >href="/evaluation/paramtuning/">hyperparameter tuning module</a> allows us to >select the optimal engine parameter defined by a <code>Metric</code>. ><code>Metric</code> determines the quality of an engine variant. We have >skimmmed through the process of choosing the right <code>Metric</code> in >previous sections.</p><p>This secion discusses basic evaluation metrics >commonly used for classification problems. If you are more interested in >knowing how to <em>implement</em> a custom metric, please skip to <a >href="/evaluation/metricbuild/">the next section</a>.</p><h2 >id='defining-metric' class='header-anchors'>Defining Metric</h2><p>Metric >evaluates the quality of an engine by comparing engine's output >(predicted result) with the original label (actual result). A engine serving >better prediction should yield a higher metric score, the tuning module >returns the engine parameter with the highest score. It is sometimes called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_function";><em>loss function</em></a> in literature, where the goal is to minimize the loss function.</p><p>During tuning, it is important for us to understand the definition of the metric, to make sure it is aligned with the prediction engine's goal.</p><p>In the classificaiton template, we use <em>Accuracy</em> as our metric. <em>Accuracy</em> is defined as: the percentage of queries which the engine is able to predict the correct label.</p><h2 id='common-metrics' class='header-anchors'>Common Metrics</h2><p>We illustrate the choice of metric with the following confusion matrix. Row represents the engine predicted label, column represents the acutal label. The second row means that of the 200 testing data points, the engine predicted 60 (15 + 35 + 10) of them as label 2.0, among which 35 are correct prediction (i.e. actual label is 2.0, matches with the prediction), and 25 are wrong.</p> <table><thead> <tr> <th style="text-align: center"></th> <th style="text-align: center">Actual = 1.0</th> <th style="text-align: center">Actual = 2.0</th> <th style="text-align: center">Actual = 3.0</th> </tr> </thead><tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><strong>Predicted = 1.0</strong></td> <td style="text-align: center">30</td> <td style="text-align: center">0</td> <td style="text-align: center">60</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><strong>Predicted = 2.0</strong></td> <td style="text-align: center">15</td> <td style="text-align: center">35</td> <td style="text-align: center">10</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><strong>Predicted = 3.0</strong></td> <td style="text-align: center">0</td> <td style="text-align: center">0</td> <td style="text-align: center">50</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <h3 id='accuracy' class='header-anchors'>Accuracy</h3><p>Accuracy means that how many data points are predicted correctly. It is one of the simplest form of evaluatio n metrics. The accuracy score is # of correct points / # total = (30 + 35 + 50) / 200 = 0.575.</p><h3 id='precision' class='header-anchors'>Precision</h3><p>Precision is a metric for binary classifier which measures the correctness among all positive labels. A binary classifier gives only two output values (i.e. positive and negative). For problem where there are multiple values (3 in our example), we first have to tranform our problem into a binary classification problem. For example, we can have problem whether label = 1.0. The confusion matrix now becomes:</p> <table><thead> <tr> <th style="text-align: center"></th> <th style="text-align: center">Actual = 1.0</th> <th style="text-align: center">Actual != 1.0</th> </tr> </thead><tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><strong>Predicted = 1.0</strong></td> <td style="text-align: center">30</td> <td style="text-align: center">60</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center"><strong>Predicted != 1.0</strong></td> <td style="text- align: center">15</td> <td style="text-align: center">95</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Precision is the ratio between the number of correct positive answer (true positive) and the sum of correct positive answer (true positive) and wrong but positively labeled answer (false positive). In this case, the precision is 30 / (30 + 60) = ~0.3333.</p><h3 id='recall' class='header-anchors'>Recall</h3><p>Recall is a metric for binary classifier which measures how many positive labels are successfully predicted amongst all positive labels. Formally, it is the ratio between the number of correct positive answer (true positive) and the sum of correct positive answer (true positive) and wrongly negatively labeled asnwer (false negative). In this case, the recall is 30 / (30 + 15) = ~0.6667.</p><p>As we have discussed several common metrics for classification problem, we can implement them using the <code>Metric</code> class in <a href="/evaluation/metricbuild">the next section</a>.</p></div></di v></div></div><footer><div class="container"><div class="seperator"></div><div class="row"><div class="col-md-6 footer-link-column"><div class="footer-link-column-row"><h4>Community</h4><ul><li><a href="//predictionio.incubator.apache.org/install/" target="blank">Download</a></li><li><a href="//predictionio.incubator.apache.org/" target="blank">Docs</a></li><li><a href="//github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio" target="blank">GitHub</a></li><li><a href="mailto:[email protected]"; target="blank">Subscribe to User Mailing List</a></li><li><a href="//stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/predictionio" target="blank">Stackoverflow</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="col-md-6 footer-link-column"><div class="footer-link-column-row"><h4>Contribute</h4><ul><li><a href="//predictionio.incubator.apache.org/community/contribute-code/" target="blank">Contribute</a></li><li><a href="//github.com/apache/incubator-predictionio" target="blank">Source Code</a></li><li>< a href="//issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIO" target="blank">Bug Tracker</a></li><li><a href="mailto:[email protected]"; target="blank">Subscribe to Development Mailing List</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="row"><div class="col-md-12 footer-link-column"><a class="pull-right" href="http://incubator.apache.org/projects/predictionio.html";><img alt="Apache Incubator" src="/images/logos/apache_incubator-6954bd16.png"/></a><span>Apache PredictionIO is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the Apache Incubator. 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