poorbarcode opened a new pull request, #23123:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pulsar/pull/23123

   ### Motivation
   
   **Conditions under which problems occur**
   - `Failover/Exclusive` subscription
   - Sockets of Pulsar IO are not stable
   - `ServerCnx` thread is busy.
   
   
   | time | `registering consumer 1st` | `registering consumer 2nd` |
   | --- | --- | --- |
   | 1 | Registered |
   | 2 | Socket is unstable |
   | 3 | Closing `ServerCnx` |
   | 4 | | Retry to subscribe |
   | 5 | | Check whether the previous consumer is still active<sup>[1]</sup>, 
if not override it by the current registering |
   | 6 | `ServerCnx` is closed |
   | 7 | | Call `serverCnx.checkConnectionLiveness`, the Completable Future 
returned will never be completed |
   
   **[1]**: `AbstractDispatcherSingleActiveConsumer.java`
   
   ```java
    public synchronized CompletableFuture<Void> addConsumer(Consumer consumer) {
   
     if (getActiveConsumer() != null) {
         return 
actConsumer.cnx().checkConnectionLiveness().thenCompose(actConsumerStillAlive 
-> {
             if (actConsumerStillAlive.isEmpty() || 
actConsumerStillAlive.get()) {
                 return FutureUtil.failedFuture(new 
ConsumerBusyException("Exclusive consumer is already"
                         + " connected"));
             } else {
                 return addConsumer(consumer);
             }
         });
     }
   }
   ```
   
   ### Affects
   
   It leads to the following subscribing can never succeed due to the ServerCnx 
maintaining a failed future and it can never be removed.
   
   ### Error logs
   
   ```
   2024-07-25T09:28:00,109+0000 [pulsar-io-4-30] WARN  
org.apache.pulsar.broker.service.ServerCnx - 
[/127.0.0.2:48345][persistent://{tenant}/{namespace}/__change_events-partition-0][multiTopicsReader-381f38cdef]
 A failed consumer with id is already present on the connection, consumerId=7425
   2024-07-25T09:28:00,109+0000 [pulsar-io-4-30] ERROR 
org.apache.pulsar.broker.service.ServerCnx - A failed consumer with id is 
already present on the connection. consumerId: 7425, remoteAddress: 
/127.0.0.2:48345, subscription: multiTopicsReader-381f38cdef
   ...
   ...
   ...
   // loop
   ```
   
   ### Modifications
   
   Fix the bug.
   
   ### Verifying this change
   
   - [ ] Make sure that the change passes the CI checks.
   
   *(Please pick either of the following options)*
   
   This change is a trivial rework / code cleanup without any test coverage.
   
   *(or)*
   
   This change is already covered by existing tests, such as *(please describe 
tests)*.
   
   *(or)*
   
   This change added tests and can be verified as follows:
   
   *(example:)*
     - *Added integration tests for end-to-end deployment with large payloads 
(10MB)*
     - *Extended integration test for recovery after broker failure*
   
   ### Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:
   
   <!-- DO NOT REMOVE THIS SECTION. CHECK THE PROPER BOX ONLY. -->
   
   *If the box was checked, please highlight the changes*
   
   - [ ] Dependencies (add or upgrade a dependency)
   - [ ] The public API
   - [ ] The schema
   - [ ] The default values of configurations
   - [ ] The threading model
   - [ ] The binary protocol
   - [ ] The REST endpoints
   - [ ] The admin CLI options
   - [ ] The metrics
   - [ ] Anything that affects deployment
   
   ### Documentation
   
   <!-- DO NOT REMOVE THIS SECTION. CHECK THE PROPER BOX ONLY. -->
   
   - [ ] `doc` <!-- Your PR contains doc changes. -->
   - [ ] `doc-required` <!-- Your PR changes impact docs and you will update 
later -->
   - [ ] `doc-not-needed` <!-- Your PR changes do not impact docs -->
   - [ ] `doc-complete` <!-- Docs have been already added -->
   
   ### Matching PR in forked repository
   
   PR in forked repository: <!-- ENTER URL HERE -->
   
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