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new f1d9da40c RANGER-4474: adventures in abac - part-2
f1d9da40c is described below
commit f1d9da40c42bf5335a6913d6c2310c76f0f6688b
Author: Eckman, Barbara <barbara_eck...@cable.comcast.com>
AuthorDate: Sat Oct 14 18:04:45 2023 -0700
RANGER-4474: adventures in abac - part-2
Signed-off-by: Madhan Neethiraj <mad...@apache.org>
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@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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+-->
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+
+ <head>
+ <meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
+ <title>Adventures in ABAC - Part 2</title>
+ <style>
+ <!--
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+ /* Style Definitions */
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+ {mso-style-link:"Heading 1 Char"; margin-top:12.0pt;
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+ /* List Definitions */
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+ </style>
+ </head>
+
+ <body lang=EN-US
style='width:800px;word-wrap:break-word;align:center;margin:auto;border:ridge' >
+ <div style="margin-left:10pt;margin-right:10pt">
+ <h1 style="text-align:center">Adventures in attribute-based access
control (ABAC) - Part 2</h1>
+ <p class=MsoNormal style='font:5.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </p>
+ <div style="text-align:center">
+ <p class=MsoNormal>Barbara Eckman, Ph.D., Distinguished Architect,
Comcast</p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>Oct 15, 2023</p>
+ </div>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+
+ <div class=WordSection>
+ <h1>Introduction</h1>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ Previously in <a href="./adventures_in_abac_1.html">Part 1</a> of
this series we examined an increasingly
+ complex series of use cases involving role membership and row
filtering. While built-in Apache Ranger™
+ TBAC, RBAC, and row-filter based access policies are powerful, they
may not be sufficient for complex access
+ control constraints. As the numbers of row filters that must be
simultaneously enforced rises, the number of
+ roles and row filter conditions increases combinatorially and
rapidly becomes difficult to manage.
+ </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ This post introduces the principles of Attribute-based Access
Control (ABAC) and shows how they enable us to
+ avoid this potentially mushrooming complexity. Let’s recall the
final use case from part 1.
+ </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+
+ <h1>Recap: GlobalSalesPartners table row filters</h1>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ The GlobalSalesPartners table includes info on which business
partner (“ABC” or “XYZ”) produced the data, as
+ well as the salesRegion where the sale occurred.
+ </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
+ <img width=700 height=140 id="Picture 6"
src="adventures_in_abac_2.files/table_globalsalespartners.jpg" alt="Table
USSales">
+ </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>Recall our favorite users:</p>
+
+ <table class=MsoTableGrid border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
style='margin-left:30.35pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
+ <tr>
+ <td width=90 valign=top style='width:67.25pt;border:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;text-align:center'><p
class=MsoNormal><b>User</b></p></td>
+ <td width=102 valign=top style='width:76.5pt;border:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in
5.4pt;text-align:center'><p class=MsoNormal><b>Region</b></p></td>
+ <td width=132 valign=top style='width:99.0pt;border:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in
5.4pt;text-align:center'><p class=MsoNormal><b>Partner</b></p></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td width=90 valign=top style='width:67.25pt;border:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p
class=MsoNormal>Bob</p></td>
+ <td width=102 valign=top
style='width:76.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in
5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal>US</p></td>
+ <td width=132 valign=top
style='width:99.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in
5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal>ABC</p></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td width=90 valign=top style='width:67.25pt;border:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p
class=MsoNormal>Celestine</p></td>
+ <td width=102 valign=top
style='width:76.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in
5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal>EMEA</p></td>
+ <td width=132 valign=top
style='width:99.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in
5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal>ABC, XYZ</p></td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal>Row-filter policies from part 1:</p>
+
+ <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='text-indent:-.25in'><span
style='font-family:Symbol'>1. <span style='font:7.0pt "Times New
Roman"'> </span></span>Users in salesRegion.US
role have access to rows where salesRegion = “US”</p>
+ <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-indent:-.25in'><span
style='font-family:Symbol'>2. <span style='font:7.0pt "Times New
Roman"'> </span></span>Users in salesRegion.EMEA
role have access to rows where salesRegion = “EMEA”</p>
+ <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-indent:-.25in'><span
style='font-family:Symbol'>3. <span style='font:7.0pt "Times New
Roman"'> </span></span>Users in salesPartner.ABC
role have access to rows where salesPartner = “ABC”</p>
+ <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='text-indent:-.25in'><span
style='font-family:Symbol'>4. <span style='font:7.0pt "Times New
Roman"'> </span></span>Users in salesPartner.XYZ
role has access to rows where salesPartner = “XYZ”</p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
+ <img width=700 height=800 border=1 id="policy_table_ussales_rib"
src="adventures_in_abac_2.files/fig1-policy_globalsalespartners_row_filter_sr_sp.jpg"
alt="Fig 1. Apache Ranger™ Table GlobalSalesPartners: row-filter policy
to restrict access based on sales region and sales partner">
+ </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>Fig 1.
Apache Ranger™ Table GlobalSalesPartners: row-filter policy to restrict
access based on sales region and sales partner</p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ We noted previously that as the numbers of salesRegions and
salesPartners rise, the number of
+ roles and row filter conditions increases combinatorially, and
rapidly becomes difficult to manage.
+ </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Calibri
Light",sans-serif;color:#2F5496'> </span></p>
+
+ <h1>ABAC Principles</h1>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ But what if Ranger policy engine had direct access to Bob‘s sales
partners, and Bob‘s sales region, without
+ reference to any roles he might be a member of? Then a row filter
could be expressed this way, assuming Bob
+ has access to data from only one sales region and sales partner
+ </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri
Light",sans-serif;color:#2F5496'> </span></p>
+
+ <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='text-indent:-.25in'><span
style='font-family:Symbol'><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New
Roman"'> </span></span><partner attribute value
in row> == <Bob’s partner> AND <sales region value in row> ==
<Bob’s region></p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Calibri
Light",sans-serif;color:#2F5496'> </span></p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal>Now assume this can be generalized to work for all
users:</p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri
Light",sans-serif;color:#2F5496'> </span></p>
+
+ <p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='text-indent:-.25in'><span
style='font-family:Symbol'><span style='font:7.0pt "Times New
Roman"'> </span></span><partner attribute value
in row> == $USER.partner AND <sales region value in row> ==
$USER.region</p>
+
+ <h1>Welcome to Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC)!</h1>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ In RBAC, the role to which a user is assigned membership is the
central method of expressing what the user
+ should be allowed access to. Bob is in the role partner.ABC, along
with, say, Sarah and Thomas and Srikanth
+ and Joon. Thus, all these users have access to partner ABC’s data.
+ </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ In ABAC, the central method of expressing what the user should be
allowed to have access to is the value of
+ the user’s attributes. Bob’s partner attribute value equals “ABC”,
along with the partner attribute of Sarah
+ and Thomas and Srikanth and Joon. Just as in the RBAC case, all
these users have access to partner ABC’s data.
+ </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ But how do we program this in Apache Ranger? Apache Ranger uses a
user-store, populated with users and their
+ attributes typically loaded from LDAP, SCIM, Azure Active Directory
(AAD), Okta, etc., by Apache Ranger
+ usersync. If an attribute named partner is added to a user’s record
on the identity provider, then that
+ information will be gathered as part of the usersync and can be
referenced within a Ranger policy condition
+ as $USER.partner.
+ </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <h1>GlobalSalesPartners Row-Filters Using ABAC</h1>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ Assume that the UserStore has been populated with salesRegion and
salesPartner attributes for Bob and
+ Celestine as follows:
+ </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+
+ <table class=MsoTableGrid
style='width:225pt;margin-left:30.35pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
+ <tr>
+ <td style='width:75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in
5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;text-align:center'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>User</span></b></p></td>
+ <td style='width:75pt;border:solid windowtext
1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;text-align:center'><p
class=MsoNormal><b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>salesRegion</span></b></p></td>
+ <td style='width:75pt;border:solid windowtext
1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;text-align:center'><p
class=MsoNormal><b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>salesPartner</span></b></p></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td style='width:75pt;border:solid windowtext
1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p
class=MsoNormal>Bob</p></td>
+ <td
style='width:75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in
5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal>US</p></td>
+ <td
style='width:75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in
5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal>ABC</p></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td style='width:75pt;border:solid windowtext
1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p
class=MsoNormal>Celestine</p></td>
+ <td
style='width:75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in
5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal>EMEA</p></td>
+ <td
style='width:75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in
5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal>XYZ</p></td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ With ABAC, the 8 row filter conditions from the previous blog post
become a single condition, matching the
+ users’ partners and regions with the value in the salesPartner and
salesRegion columns:
+ </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
+ <img width=700 height=380 border=1 id="Picture 23"
src="adventures_in_abac_2.files/fig2-policy_globalsalespartners_row_filter_abac.jpg"
alt="Fig 2. Apache Ranger™ Table GlobalSalesPartners: ABAC-based
row-filter policy to restrict access based on sales region and sales partner">
+ </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>Fig 2.
Apache Ranger™ Table GlobalSalesPartners: ABAC-based row-filter policy to
restrict access based on sales region and sales partner</p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ This policy works for all users, not just those with salesRegion or
salesPartner access like Bob’s or Celestine’s.
+ </p>
+
+ <h1>ABAC in Tag-Based Policies</h1>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ Next, consider tables representing a single sales region, like
USSales from blog post Part 1.
+ </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+
+ <table class=MsoTableGrid
style='width:300pt;margin-left:30.35pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
+ <tr>
+ <td style='width:125pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in
5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;text-align:center'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'>Resource</span></b></p></td>
+ <td style='width:75pt;border:solid windowtext
1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;text-align:center'><p
class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Tag</span></b></p></td>
+ <td style='width:100pt;border:solid windowtext
1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;text-align:center'><p
class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Tag
Attribute</span></b></p></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td style='width:125pt;border:solid windowtext
1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal>Table:
USSales</p></td>
+ <td
style='width:75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in
5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal>salesRegion</p></td>
+ <td
style='width:100pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid
windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in
5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal>value=”US”</p></td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ Allow only users in the salesRegion.US role to access resources
tagged with salesRegion.value = ”US”. Create
+ a role-based (RBAC) tag policy that allows access to tagged tables
based on the role membership of the user:
+ </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
+ <img width=700 height=380 border=1 id="Picture 23"
src="adventures_in_abac_2.files/fig3-policy_tag_based_on_user_role.jpg"
alt="Fig 3. Apache Ranger™ Tag-based policy allowing access to tagged
tables based on the user’s role membership">
+ </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>Fig 3.
Apache Ranger™ Tag-based policy allowing access to tagged tables based on
the user’s role membership</p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ Using the RBAC method, we need to create a policy condition for each
of the salesRegion.* roles. Depending on
+ how many salesRegions a company defines, this could get large. And
if they are continually being added or
+ subtracted, the policy has to be commensurately updated.
+ </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ Let’s use ABAC to greatly simplify this process, by creating a tag
policy that allows table access to any user
+ whose salesRegion attribute matches the attribute of the salesRegion
tag:
+ </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
+ <img width=700 height=380 border=1 id="Picture 23"
src="adventures_in_abac_2.files/fig4-policy_tag_policy_abac.jpg" alt="Fig 3.
Apache Ranger™ ABAC-based tag policy to allow access to tables based on
the value of the user’s attribute.">
+ </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>Fig 4.
Apache Ranger™ ABAC-based tag policy to allow access to tables based on
the value of the user’s attribute.</p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ <p class=MsoNormal>
+ As we have seen, ABAC makes policy creation and maintenance much
easier! But what if the custodians of your
+ Identity Provider are too busy to keep up with managing the
additional attributes you need for ABAC? Is there
+ another way to populate the UserStore? Yes! Check out Part 3 of
this blog series to find out how you can
+ retrieve UserStore entries from a variety of alternative sources!
+ </p>
+
+ <p class=MsoNormal> </p>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </body>
+
+ <footer>
+ <div align=center >
+ <a href="/blogs.html">Apache Ranger™ blogs</a>
+ </div>
+ </footer>
+</html>
diff --git a/docs/src/site/xdoc/blogs.xml b/docs/src/site/xdoc/blogs.xml
index bccbfdf45..2f81ef7c4 100644
--- a/docs/src/site/xdoc/blogs.xml
+++ b/docs/src/site/xdoc/blogs.xml
@@ -38,6 +38,16 @@
Posted on Apr 29, 2023 by Barbara Eckman, Comcast
</div>
</li>
+ <p/>
+ <li>
+ <p>
+ <a href="blogs/adventures_in_abac_2.html"
target="_blank">Adventures in attribute-based access control (ABAC) - part 2</a>
+ </p>
+ Explores use of attribute based access control to address more
advanced use cases.<br/>
+ <div style="font-size: 90%;color: #999;">
+ Posted on Oct 15, 2023 by Barbara Eckman, Comcast
+ </div>
+ </li>
</ul>
</section>
</body>
