http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-ratis/blob/7e71a2e0/ratis-common/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/conf/RaftProperties.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git 
a/ratis-common/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/conf/RaftProperties.java 
b/ratis-common/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/conf/RaftProperties.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..187f6ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ratis-common/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/conf/RaftProperties.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1658 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.ratis.conf;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+
+import org.apache.ratis.util.StringUtils;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.w3c.dom.*;
+import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
+
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
+import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
+import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
+import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
+import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
+import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
+import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
+import java.io.*;
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+import java.net.JarURLConnection;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException;
+
+/** 
+ * Provides access to configuration parameters. The current implementation is a
+ * simplified version of hadoop's Configuration.
+ */
+public class RaftProperties {
+  private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(RaftProperties.class);
+
+  private static class Resource {
+    private final Object resource;
+    private final String name;
+
+    public Resource(Object resource) {
+      this(resource, resource.toString());
+    }
+
+    public Resource(Object resource, String name) {
+      this.resource = resource;
+      this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getName(){
+      return name;
+    }
+
+    public Object getResource() {
+      return resource;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return name;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * List of configuration resources.
+   */
+  private ArrayList<Resource> resources = new ArrayList<>();
+
+  /**
+   * The value reported as the setting resource when a key is set
+   * by code rather than a file resource by dumpConfiguration.
+   */
+  static final String UNKNOWN_RESOURCE = "Unknown";
+
+  /**
+   * List of configuration parameters marked <b>final</b>.
+   */
+  private Set<String> finalParameters = Collections.newSetFromMap(
+      new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Boolean>());
+
+  private boolean loadDefaults = true;
+
+  /**
+   * Configuration objects
+   */
+  private static final WeakHashMap<RaftProperties, Object> REGISTRY = new 
WeakHashMap<>();
+
+  /**
+   * List of default Resources. Resources are loaded in the order of the list
+   * entries
+   */
+  private static final CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> defaultResources =
+    new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
+
+  /**
+   * Stores the mapping of key to the resource which modifies or loads
+   * the key most recently
+   */
+  private Map<String, String[]> updatingResource;
+
+  private Properties properties;
+  private Properties overlay;
+  private ClassLoader classLoader;
+  {
+    classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+    if (classLoader == null) {
+      classLoader = RaftProperties.class.getClassLoader();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** A new configuration. */
+  public RaftProperties() {
+    this(true);
+  }
+
+  /** A new configuration where the behavior of reading from the default
+   * resources can be turned off.
+   *
+   * If the parameter {@code loadDefaults} is false, the new instance
+   * will not load resources from the default files.
+   * @param loadDefaults specifies whether to load from the default files
+   */
+  public RaftProperties(boolean loadDefaults) {
+    this.loadDefaults = loadDefaults;
+    updatingResource = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    synchronized(RaftProperties.class) {
+      REGISTRY.put(this, null);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A new RaftProperties with the same settings cloned from another.
+   *
+   * @param other the RaftProperties from which to clone settings.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public RaftProperties(RaftProperties other) {
+    this.resources = (ArrayList<Resource>) other.resources.clone();
+    synchronized(other) {
+      if (other.properties != null) {
+        this.properties = (Properties)other.properties.clone();
+      }
+
+      if (other.overlay!=null) {
+        this.overlay = (Properties)other.overlay.clone();
+      }
+
+      this.updatingResource = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(other.updatingResource);
+      this.finalParameters = Collections.newSetFromMap(
+          new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Boolean>());
+      this.finalParameters.addAll(other.finalParameters);
+    }
+
+    synchronized(RaftProperties.class) {
+      REGISTRY.put(this, null);
+    }
+    this.classLoader = other.classLoader;
+    this.loadDefaults = other.loadDefaults;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a default resource. Resources are loaded in the order of the resources
+   * added.
+   * @param name file name. File should be present in the classpath.
+   */
+  public static synchronized void addDefaultResource(String name) {
+    if(!defaultResources.contains(name)) {
+      defaultResources.add(name);
+      REGISTRY.keySet().stream().filter(conf -> conf.loadDefaults)
+          .forEach(RaftProperties::reloadConfiguration);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a configuration resource.
+   *
+   * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously
+   * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>.
+   *
+   * @param name resource to be added, the classpath is examined for a file
+   *             with that name.
+   */
+  public void addResource(String name) {
+    addResourceObject(new Resource(name));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a configuration resource.
+   *
+   * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously
+   * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>.
+   *
+   * WARNING: The contents of the InputStream will be cached, by this method.
+   * So use this sparingly because it does increase the memory consumption.
+   *
+   * @param in InputStream to deserialize the object from. In will be read from
+   * when a get or set is called next.  After it is read the stream will be
+   * closed.
+   */
+  public void addResource(InputStream in) {
+    addResourceObject(new Resource(in));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a configuration resource.
+   *
+   * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously
+   * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>.
+   *
+   * @param in InputStream to deserialize the object from.
+   * @param name the name of the resource because InputStream.toString is not
+   * very descriptive some times.
+   */
+  public void addResource(InputStream in, String name) {
+    addResourceObject(new Resource(in, name));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a configuration resource.
+   *
+   * The properties of this resource will override properties of previously
+   * added resources, unless they were marked <a href="#Final">final</a>.
+   *
+   * @param conf Configuration object from which to load properties
+   */
+  public void addResource(RaftProperties conf) {
+    addResourceObject(new Resource(conf.getProps()));
+  }
+
+
+
+  /**
+   * Reload configuration from previously added resources.
+   *
+   * This method will clear all the configuration read from the added
+   * resources, and final parameters. This will make the resources to
+   * be read again before accessing the values. Values that are added
+   * via set methods will overlay values read from the resources.
+   */
+  public synchronized void reloadConfiguration() {
+    properties = null;                            // trigger reload
+    finalParameters.clear();                      // clear site-limits
+  }
+
+  private synchronized void addResourceObject(Resource resource) {
+    resources.add(resource);                      // add to resources
+    reloadConfiguration();
+  }
+
+  private static final int MAX_SUBST = 20;
+
+  private static final int SUB_START_IDX = 0;
+  private static final int SUB_END_IDX = SUB_START_IDX + 1;
+
+  /**
+   * This is a manual implementation of the following regex
+   * "\\$\\{[^\\}\\$\u0020]+\\}".
+   *
+   * @param eval a string that may contain variables requiring expansion.
+   * @return a 2-element int array res such that
+   * eval.substring(res[0], res[1]) is "var" for the left-most occurrence of
+   * ${var} in eval. If no variable is found -1, -1 is returned.
+   */
+  private static int[] findSubVariable(String eval) {
+    int[] result = {-1, -1};
+
+    int matchStart;
+    int leftBrace;
+
+    // scanning for a brace first because it's less frequent than $
+    // that can occur in nested class names
+    //
+    match_loop:
+    for (matchStart = 1, leftBrace = eval.indexOf('{', matchStart);
+         // minimum left brace position (follows '$')
+         leftBrace > 0
+         // right brace of a smallest valid expression "${c}"
+         && leftBrace + "{c".length() < eval.length();
+         leftBrace = eval.indexOf('{', matchStart)) {
+      int matchedLen = 0;
+      if (eval.charAt(leftBrace - 1) == '$') {
+        int subStart = leftBrace + 1; // after '{'
+        for (int i = subStart; i < eval.length(); i++) {
+          switch (eval.charAt(i)) {
+            case '}':
+              if (matchedLen > 0) { // match
+                result[SUB_START_IDX] = subStart;
+                result[SUB_END_IDX] = subStart + matchedLen;
+                break match_loop;
+              }
+              // fall through to skip 1 char
+            case ' ':
+            case '$':
+              matchStart = i + 1;
+              continue match_loop;
+            default:
+              matchedLen++;
+          }
+        }
+        // scanned from "${"  to the end of eval, and no reset via ' ', '$':
+        //    no match!
+        break;
+      } else {
+        // not a start of a variable
+        //
+        matchStart = leftBrace + 1;
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to repeatedly expand the value {@code expr} by replacing the
+   * left-most substring of the form "${var}" in the following precedence order
+   * <ol>
+   *   <li>by the value of the environment variable "var" if defined</li>
+   *   <li>by the value of the Java system property "var" if defined</li>
+   *   <li>by the value of the configuration key "var" if defined</li>
+   * </ol>
+   *
+   * If var is unbounded the current state of expansion "prefix${var}suffix" is
+   * returned.
+   *
+   * If a cycle is detected: replacing var1 requires replacing var2 ... 
requires
+   * replacing var1, i.e., the cycle is shorter than
+   * {@link RaftProperties#MAX_SUBST} then the original expr is returned.
+   *
+   * @param expr the literal value of a config key
+   * @return null if expr is null, otherwise the value resulting from expanding
+   * expr using the algorithm above.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException when more than
+   * {@link RaftProperties#MAX_SUBST} replacements are required
+   */
+  private String substituteVars(String expr) {
+    if (expr == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    String eval = expr;
+    Set<String> evalSet = null;
+    for(int s = 0; s < MAX_SUBST; s++) {
+      final int[] varBounds = findSubVariable(eval);
+      if (varBounds[SUB_START_IDX] == -1) {
+        return eval;
+      }
+      final String var = eval.substring(varBounds[SUB_START_IDX],
+          varBounds[SUB_END_IDX]);
+      String val = null;
+      try {
+        if (var.startsWith("env.") && 4 < var.length()) {
+          String v = var.substring(4);
+          int i = 0;
+          for (; i < v.length(); i++) {
+            char c = v.charAt(i);
+            if (c == ':' && i < v.length() - 1 && v.charAt(i + 1) == '-') {
+              val = getenv(v.substring(0, i));
+              if (val == null || val.length() == 0) {
+                val = v.substring(i + 2);
+              }
+              break;
+            } else if (c == '-') {
+              val = getenv(v.substring(0, i));
+              if (val == null) {
+                val = v.substring(i + 1);
+              }
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          if (i == v.length()) {
+            val = getenv(v);
+          }
+        } else {
+          val = getProperty(var);
+        }
+      } catch(SecurityException se) {
+        LOG.warn("Unexpected SecurityException in Configuration", se);
+      }
+      if (val == null) {
+        val = getRaw(var);
+      }
+      if (val == null) {
+        return eval; // return literal ${var}: var is unbound
+      }
+
+      // prevent recursive resolution
+      //
+      final int dollar = varBounds[SUB_START_IDX] - "${".length();
+      final int afterRightBrace = varBounds[SUB_END_IDX] + "}".length();
+      final String refVar = eval.substring(dollar, afterRightBrace);
+      if (evalSet == null) {
+        evalSet = new HashSet<>();
+      }
+      if (!evalSet.add(refVar)) {
+        return expr; // return original expression if there is a loop
+      }
+
+      // substitute
+      eval = eval.substring(0, dollar)
+             + val
+             + eval.substring(afterRightBrace);
+    }
+    throw new IllegalStateException("Variable substitution depth too large: "
+                                    + MAX_SUBST + " " + expr);
+  }
+
+  String getenv(String name) {
+    return System.getenv(name);
+  }
+
+  String getProperty(String key) {
+    return System.getProperty(key);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property, <code>null</code> if
+   * no such property exists. If the key is deprecated, it returns the value of
+   * the first key which replaces the deprecated key and is not null.
+   *
+   * Values are processed for <a href="#VariableExpansion">variable 
expansion</a>
+   * before being returned.
+   *
+   * @param name the property name, will be trimmed before get value.
+   * @return the value of the <code>name</code> or its replacing property,
+   *         or null if no such property exists.
+   */
+  public String get(String name) {
+    return substituteVars(getRaw(name));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a trimmed 
<code>String</code>,
+   * <code>null</code> if no such property exists.
+   * If the key is deprecated, it returns the value of
+   * the first key which replaces the deprecated key and is not null
+   *
+   * Values are processed for <a href="#VariableExpansion">variable 
expansion</a>
+   * before being returned.
+   *
+   * @param name the property name.
+   * @return the value of the <code>name</code> or its replacing property,
+   *         or null if no such property exists.
+   */
+  public String getTrimmed(String name) {
+    String value = get(name);
+
+    if (null == value) {
+      return null;
+    } else {
+      return value.trim();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a trimmed 
<code>String</code>,
+   * <code>defaultValue</code> if no such property exists.
+   * See @{Configuration#getTrimmed} for more details.
+   *
+   * @param name          the property name.
+   * @param defaultValue  the property default value.
+   * @return              the value of the <code>name</code> or defaultValue
+   *                      if it is not set.
+   */
+  public String getTrimmed(String name, String defaultValue) {
+    String ret = getTrimmed(name);
+    return ret == null ? defaultValue : ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property, without doing
+   * <a href="#VariableExpansion">variable expansion</a>.If the key is
+   * deprecated, it returns the value of the first key which replaces
+   * the deprecated key and is not null.
+   *
+   * @param name the property name.
+   * @return the value of the <code>name</code> property or
+   *         its replacing property and null if no such property exists.
+   */
+  public String getRaw(String name) {
+    return getProps().getProperty(name.trim());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the <code>value</code> of the <code>name</code> property. If
+   * <code>name</code> is deprecated, it also sets the <code>value</code> to
+   * the keys that replace the deprecated key. Name will be trimmed before put
+   * into configuration.
+   *
+   * @param name property name.
+   * @param value property value.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException when the value or name is null.
+   */
+  public void set(String name, String value) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(name != null, "Property name must not be 
null");
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(value != null,
+        "The value of property " + name + " must not be null");
+    name = name.trim();
+    getProps();
+
+    getOverlay().setProperty(name, value);
+    getProps().setProperty(name, value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Unset a previously set property.
+   */
+  public synchronized void unset(String name) {
+    getOverlay().remove(name);
+    getProps().remove(name);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets a property if it is currently unset.
+   * @param name the property name
+   * @param value the new value
+   */
+  public synchronized void setIfUnset(String name, String value) {
+    if (get(name) == null) {
+      set(name, value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private synchronized Properties getOverlay() {
+    if (overlay == null){
+      overlay = new Properties();
+    }
+    return overlay;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code>. If the key is deprecated,
+   * it returns the value of the first key which replaces the deprecated key
+   * and is not null.
+   * If no such property exists,
+   * then <code>defaultValue</code> is returned.
+   *
+   * @param name property name, will be trimmed before get value.
+   * @param defaultValue default value.
+   * @return property value, or <code>defaultValue</code> if the property
+   *         doesn't exist.
+   */
+  public String get(String name, String defaultValue) {
+    return substituteVars(getProps().getProperty(name, defaultValue));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as an <code>int</code>.
+   *
+   * If no such property exists, the provided default value is returned,
+   * or if the specified value is not a valid <code>int</code>,
+   * then an error is thrown.
+   *
+   * @param name property name.
+   * @param defaultValue default value.
+   * @throws NumberFormatException when the value is invalid
+   * @return property value as an <code>int</code>,
+   *         or <code>defaultValue</code>.
+   */
+  public int getInt(String name, int defaultValue) {
+    String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
+    if (valueString == null)
+      return defaultValue;
+    String hexString = getHexDigits(valueString);
+    if (hexString != null) {
+      return Integer.parseInt(hexString, 16);
+    }
+    return Integer.parseInt(valueString);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a set of 
comma-delimited
+   * <code>int</code> values.
+   *
+   * If no such property exists, an empty array is returned.
+   *
+   * @param name property name
+   * @return property value interpreted as an array of comma-delimited
+   *         <code>int</code> values
+   */
+  public int[] getInts(String name) {
+    String[] strings = getTrimmedStrings(name);
+    int[] ints = new int[strings.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
+      ints[i] = Integer.parseInt(strings[i]);
+    }
+    return ints;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to an <code>int</code>.
+   *
+   * @param name property name.
+   * @param value <code>int</code> value of the property.
+   */
+  public void setInt(String name, int value) {
+    set(name, Integer.toString(value));
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>long</code>.
+   * If no such property exists, the provided default value is returned,
+   * or if the specified value is not a valid <code>long</code>,
+   * then an error is thrown.
+   *
+   * @param name property name.
+   * @param defaultValue default value.
+   * @throws NumberFormatException when the value is invalid
+   * @return property value as a <code>long</code>,
+   *         or <code>defaultValue</code>.
+   */
+  public long getLong(String name, long defaultValue) {
+    String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
+    if (valueString == null)
+      return defaultValue;
+    String hexString = getHexDigits(valueString);
+    if (hexString != null) {
+      return Long.parseLong(hexString, 16);
+    }
+    return Long.parseLong(valueString);
+  }
+
+  private String getHexDigits(String value) {
+    boolean negative = false;
+    String str = value;
+    String hexString;
+    if (value.startsWith("-")) {
+      negative = true;
+      str = value.substring(1);
+    }
+    if (str.startsWith("0x") || str.startsWith("0X")) {
+      hexString = str.substring(2);
+      if (negative) {
+        hexString = "-" + hexString;
+      }
+      return hexString;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to a <code>long</code>.
+   *
+   * @param name property name.
+   * @param value <code>long</code> value of the property.
+   */
+  public void setLong(String name, long value) {
+    set(name, Long.toString(value));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>float</code>.
+   * If no such property exists, the provided default value is returned,
+   * or if the specified value is not a valid <code>float</code>,
+   * then an error is thrown.
+   *
+   * @param name property name.
+   * @param defaultValue default value.
+   * @throws NumberFormatException when the value is invalid
+   * @return property value as a <code>float</code>,
+   *         or <code>defaultValue</code>.
+   */
+  public float getFloat(String name, float defaultValue) {
+    String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
+    if (valueString == null)
+      return defaultValue;
+    return Float.parseFloat(valueString);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to a <code>float</code>.
+   *
+   * @param name property name.
+   * @param value property value.
+   */
+  public void setFloat(String name, float value) {
+    set(name,Float.toString(value));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>double</code>.
+   * If no such property exists, the provided default value is returned,
+   * or if the specified value is not a valid <code>double</code>,
+   * then an error is thrown.
+   *
+   * @param name property name.
+   * @param defaultValue default value.
+   * @throws NumberFormatException when the value is invalid
+   * @return property value as a <code>double</code>,
+   *         or <code>defaultValue</code>.
+   */
+  public double getDouble(String name, double defaultValue) {
+    String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
+    if (valueString == null)
+      return defaultValue;
+    return Double.parseDouble(valueString);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to a <code>double</code>.
+   *
+   * @param name property name.
+   * @param value property value.
+   */
+  public void setDouble(String name, double value) {
+    set(name,Double.toString(value));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>boolean</code>.
+   * If no such property is specified, or if the specified value is not a valid
+   * <code>boolean</code>, then <code>defaultValue</code> is returned.
+   *
+   * @param name property name.
+   * @param defaultValue default value.
+   * @return property value as a <code>boolean</code>,
+   *         or <code>defaultValue</code>.
+   */
+  public boolean getBoolean(String name, boolean defaultValue) {
+    String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
+    return StringUtils.string2boolean(valueString, defaultValue);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to a <code>boolean</code>.
+   *
+   * @param name property name.
+   * @param value <code>boolean</code> value of the property.
+   */
+  public void setBoolean(String name, boolean value) {
+    set(name, Boolean.toString(value));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the given property, if it is currently unset.
+   * @param name property name
+   * @param value new value
+   */
+  public void setBooleanIfUnset(String name, boolean value) {
+    setIfUnset(name, Boolean.toString(value));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to the given type. This
+   * is equivalent to <code>set(&lt;name&gt;, value.toString())</code>.
+   * @param name property name
+   * @param value new value
+   */
+  public <T extends Enum<T>> void setEnum(String name, T value) {
+    set(name, value.toString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return value matching this enumerated type.
+   * Note that the returned value is trimmed by this method.
+   * @param name Property name
+   * @param defaultValue Value returned if no mapping exists
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException If mapping is illegal for the type
+   * provided
+   */
+  public <T extends Enum<T>> T getEnum(String name, T defaultValue) {
+    final String val = getTrimmed(name);
+    return null == val
+      ? defaultValue
+      : Enum.valueOf(defaultValue.getDeclaringClass(), val);
+  }
+
+  enum ParsedTimeDuration {
+    NS {
+      TimeUnit unit() { return TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS; }
+      String suffix() { return "ns"; }
+    },
+    US {
+      TimeUnit unit() { return TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS; }
+      String suffix() { return "us"; }
+    },
+    MS {
+      TimeUnit unit() { return TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS; }
+      String suffix() { return "ms"; }
+    },
+    S {
+      TimeUnit unit() { return TimeUnit.SECONDS; }
+      String suffix() { return "s"; }
+    },
+    M {
+      TimeUnit unit() { return TimeUnit.MINUTES; }
+      String suffix() { return "m"; }
+    },
+    H {
+      TimeUnit unit() { return TimeUnit.HOURS; }
+      String suffix() { return "h"; }
+    },
+    D {
+      TimeUnit unit() { return TimeUnit.DAYS; }
+      String suffix() { return "d"; }
+    };
+    abstract TimeUnit unit();
+    abstract String suffix();
+    static ParsedTimeDuration unitFor(String s) {
+      for (ParsedTimeDuration ptd : values()) {
+        // iteration order is in decl order, so SECONDS matched last
+        if (s.endsWith(ptd.suffix())) {
+          return ptd;
+        }
+      }
+      return null;
+    }
+    static ParsedTimeDuration unitFor(TimeUnit unit) {
+      for (ParsedTimeDuration ptd : values()) {
+        if (ptd.unit() == unit) {
+          return ptd;
+        }
+      }
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the value of <code>name</code> to the given time duration. This
+   * is equivalent to <code>set(&lt;name&gt;, value + &lt;time 
suffix&gt;)</code>.
+   * @param name Property name
+   * @param value Time duration
+   * @param unit Unit of time
+   */
+  public void setTimeDuration(String name, long value, TimeUnit unit) {
+    set(name, value + ParsedTimeDuration.unitFor(unit).suffix());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return time duration in the given time unit. Valid units are encoded in
+   * properties as suffixes: nanoseconds (ns), microseconds (us), milliseconds
+   * (ms), seconds (s), minutes (m), hours (h), and days (d).
+   * @param name Property name
+   * @param defaultValue Value returned if no mapping exists.
+   * @param unit Unit to convert the stored property, if it exists.
+   * @throws NumberFormatException If the property stripped of its unit is not
+   *         a number
+   */
+  public long getTimeDuration(String name, long defaultValue, TimeUnit unit) {
+    String vStr = get(name);
+    if (null == vStr) {
+      return defaultValue;
+    }
+    vStr = vStr.trim();
+    return getTimeDurationHelper(name, vStr, unit);
+  }
+
+  private long getTimeDurationHelper(String name, String vStr, TimeUnit unit) {
+    ParsedTimeDuration vUnit = ParsedTimeDuration.unitFor(vStr);
+    if (null == vUnit) {
+      LOG.warn("No unit for " + name + "(" + vStr + ") assuming " + unit);
+      vUnit = ParsedTimeDuration.unitFor(unit);
+    } else {
+      vStr = vStr.substring(0, vStr.lastIndexOf(vUnit.suffix()));
+    }
+    return unit.convert(Long.parseLong(vStr), vUnit.unit());
+  }
+
+  public long[] getTimeDurations(String name, TimeUnit unit) {
+    String[] strings = getTrimmedStrings(name);
+    long[] durations = new long[strings.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
+      durations[i] = getTimeDurationHelper(name, strings[i], unit);
+    }
+    return durations;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>Pattern</code>.
+   * If no such property is specified, or if the specified value is not a valid
+   * <code>Pattern</code>, then <code>DefaultValue</code> is returned.
+   * Note that the returned value is NOT trimmed by this method.
+   *
+   * @param name property name
+   * @param defaultValue default value
+   * @return property value as a compiled Pattern, or defaultValue
+   */
+  public Pattern getPattern(String name, Pattern defaultValue) {
+    String valString = get(name);
+    if (null == valString || valString.isEmpty()) {
+      return defaultValue;
+    }
+    try {
+      return Pattern.compile(valString);
+    } catch (PatternSyntaxException pse) {
+      LOG.warn("Regular expression '" + valString + "' for property '" +
+               name + "' not valid. Using default", pse);
+      return defaultValue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the given property to <code>Pattern</code>.
+   * If the pattern is passed as null, sets the empty pattern which results in
+   * further calls to getPattern(...) returning the default value.
+   *
+   * @param name property name
+   * @param pattern new value
+   */
+  public void setPattern(String name, Pattern pattern) {
+    assert pattern != null : "Pattern cannot be null";
+    set(name, pattern.pattern());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A class that represents a set of positive integer ranges. It parses
+   * strings of the form: "2-3,5,7-" where ranges are separated by comma and
+   * the lower/upper bounds are separated by dash. Either the lower or upper
+   * bound may be omitted meaning all values up to or over. So the string
+   * above means 2, 3, 5, and 7, 8, 9, ...
+   */
+  public static class IntegerRanges implements Iterable<Integer>{
+    private static class Range {
+      int start;
+      int end;
+    }
+
+    private static class RangeNumberIterator implements Iterator<Integer> {
+      Iterator<Range> internal;
+      int at;
+      int end;
+
+      public RangeNumberIterator(List<Range> ranges) {
+        if (ranges != null) {
+          internal = ranges.iterator();
+        }
+        at = -1;
+        end = -2;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean hasNext() {
+        if (at <= end) {
+          return true;
+        } else if (internal != null){
+          return internal.hasNext();
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Integer next() {
+        if (at <= end) {
+          at++;
+          return at - 1;
+        } else if (internal != null){
+          Range found = internal.next();
+          if (found != null) {
+            at = found.start;
+            end = found.end;
+            at++;
+            return at - 1;
+          }
+        }
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void remove() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+      }
+    }
+
+    List<Range> ranges = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    public IntegerRanges() {
+    }
+
+    public IntegerRanges(String newValue) {
+      StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(newValue, ",");
+      while (itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
+        String rng = itr.nextToken().trim();
+        String[] parts = rng.split("-", 3);
+        if (parts.length < 1 || parts.length > 2) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("integer range badly formed: " +
+                                             rng);
+        }
+        Range r = new Range();
+        r.start = convertToInt(parts[0], 0);
+        if (parts.length == 2) {
+          r.end = convertToInt(parts[1], Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        } else {
+          r.end = r.start;
+        }
+        if (r.start > r.end) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("IntegerRange from " + r.start +
+                                             " to " + r.end + " is invalid");
+        }
+        ranges.add(r);
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a string to an int treating empty strings as the default value.
+     * @param value the string value
+     * @param defaultValue the value for if the string is empty
+     * @return the desired integer
+     */
+    private static int convertToInt(String value, int defaultValue) {
+      String trim = value.trim();
+      if (trim.length() == 0) {
+        return defaultValue;
+      }
+      return Integer.parseInt(trim);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is the given value in the set of ranges
+     * @param value the value to check
+     * @return is the value in the ranges?
+     */
+    public boolean isIncluded(int value) {
+      for(Range r: ranges) {
+        if (r.start <= value && value <= r.end) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return true if there are no values in this range, else false.
+     */
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+      return ranges == null || ranges.isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+      boolean first = true;
+      for(Range r: ranges) {
+        if (first) {
+          first = false;
+        } else {
+          result.append(',');
+        }
+        result.append(r.start);
+        result.append('-');
+        result.append(r.end);
+      }
+      return result.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<Integer> iterator() {
+      return new RangeNumberIterator(ranges);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse the given attribute as a set of integer ranges
+   * @param name the attribute name
+   * @param defaultValue the default value if it is not set
+   * @return a new set of ranges from the configured value
+   */
+  public IntegerRanges getRange(String name, String defaultValue) {
+    return new IntegerRanges(get(name, defaultValue));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the comma delimited values of the <code>name</code> property as
+   * an array of <code>String</code>s, trimmed of the leading and trailing 
whitespace.
+   * If no such property is specified then an empty array is returned.
+   *
+   * @param name property name.
+   * @return property value as an array of trimmed <code>String</code>s,
+   *         or empty array.
+   */
+  public String[] getTrimmedStrings(String name) {
+    String valueString = get(name);
+    return StringUtils.getTrimmedStrings(valueString);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Load a class by name.
+   *
+   * @param name the class name.
+   * @return the class object.
+   * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class is not found.
+   */
+  public Class<?> getClassByName(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
+    Class<?> ret = getClassByNameOrNull(name);
+    if (ret == null) {
+      throw new ClassNotFoundException("Class " + name + " not found");
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  private static final Map<ClassLoader, Map<String, WeakReference<Class<?>>>>
+      CACHE_CLASSES = new WeakHashMap<>();
+
+  /**
+   * Sentinel value to store negative cache results in {@link #CACHE_CLASSES}.
+   */
+  private static final Class<?> NEGATIVE_CACHE_SENTINEL =
+      NegativeCacheSentinel.class;
+
+  /**
+   * Load a class by name, returning null rather than throwing an exception
+   * if it couldn't be loaded. This is to avoid the overhead of creating
+   * an exception.
+   *
+   * @param name the class name
+   * @return the class object, or null if it could not be found.
+   */
+  public Class<?> getClassByNameOrNull(String name) {
+    Map<String, WeakReference<Class<?>>> map;
+
+    synchronized (CACHE_CLASSES) {
+      map = CACHE_CLASSES.get(classLoader);
+      if (map == null) {
+        map = Collections.synchronizedMap(
+          new WeakHashMap<String, WeakReference<Class<?>>>());
+        CACHE_CLASSES.put(classLoader, map);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Class<?> clazz = null;
+    WeakReference<Class<?>> ref = map.get(name);
+    if (ref != null) {
+       clazz = ref.get();
+    }
+
+    if (clazz == null) {
+      try {
+        clazz = Class.forName(name, true, classLoader);
+      } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+        // Leave a marker that the class isn't found
+        map.put(name, new WeakReference<>(NEGATIVE_CACHE_SENTINEL));
+        return null;
+      }
+      // two putters can race here, but they'll put the same class
+      map.put(name, new WeakReference<>(clazz));
+      return clazz;
+    } else if (clazz == NEGATIVE_CACHE_SENTINEL) {
+      return null; // not found
+    } else {
+      // cache hit
+      return clazz;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property
+   * as an array of <code>Class</code>.
+   * The value of the property specifies a list of comma separated class names.
+   * If no such property is specified, then <code>defaultValue</code> is
+   * returned.
+   *
+   * @param name the property name.
+   * @param defaultValue default value.
+   * @return property value as a <code>Class[]</code>,
+   *         or <code>defaultValue</code>.
+   */
+  public Class<?>[] getClasses(String name, Class<?> ... defaultValue) {
+    String valueString = getRaw(name);
+    if (null == valueString) {
+      return defaultValue;
+    }
+    String[] classnames = getTrimmedStrings(name);
+    try {
+      Class<?>[] classes = new Class<?>[classnames.length];
+      for(int i = 0; i < classnames.length; i++) {
+        classes[i] = getClassByName(classnames[i]);
+      }
+      return classes;
+    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>Class</code>.
+   * If no such property is specified, then <code>defaultValue</code> is
+   * returned.
+   *
+   * @param name the class name.
+   * @param defaultValue default value.
+   * @return property value as a <code>Class</code>,
+   *         or <code>defaultValue</code>.
+   */
+  public Class<?> getClass(String name, Class<?> defaultValue) {
+    String valueString = getTrimmed(name);
+    if (valueString == null)
+      return defaultValue;
+    try {
+      return getClassByName(valueString);
+    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the <code>name</code> property as a <code>Class</code>
+   * implementing the interface specified by <code>xface</code>.
+   *
+   * If no such property is specified, then <code>defaultValue</code> is
+   * returned.
+   *
+   * An exception is thrown if the returned class does not implement the named
+   * interface.
+   *
+   * @param name the class name.
+   * @param defaultValue default value.
+   * @param xface the interface implemented by the named class.
+   * @return property value as a <code>Class</code>,
+   *         or <code>defaultValue</code>.
+   */
+  public <U> Class<? extends U> getClass(String name,
+                                         Class<? extends U> defaultValue,
+                                         Class<U> xface) {
+    try {
+      Class<?> theClass = getClass(name, defaultValue);
+      if (theClass != null && !xface.isAssignableFrom(theClass))
+        throw new RuntimeException(theClass+" not "+xface.getName());
+      else if (theClass != null)
+        return theClass.asSubclass(xface);
+      else
+        return null;
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the value of the <code>name</code> property to the name of a
+   * <code>theClass</code> implementing the given interface <code>xface</code>.
+   *
+   * An exception is thrown if <code>theClass</code> does not implement the
+   * interface <code>xface</code>.
+   *
+   * @param name property name.
+   * @param theClass property value.
+   * @param xface the interface implemented by the named class.
+   */
+  public void setClass(String name, Class<?> theClass, Class<?> xface) {
+    if (!xface.isAssignableFrom(theClass))
+      throw new RuntimeException(theClass+" not "+xface.getName());
+    set(name, theClass.getName());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the {@link URL} for the named resource.
+   *
+   * @param name resource name.
+   * @return the url for the named resource.
+   */
+  public URL getResource(String name) {
+    return classLoader.getResource(name);
+  }
+
+  protected synchronized Properties getProps() {
+    if (properties == null) {
+      properties = new Properties();
+      Map<String, String[]> backup =
+          new ConcurrentHashMap<>(updatingResource);
+      loadResources(properties, resources);
+
+      if (overlay != null) {
+        properties.putAll(overlay);
+        for (Entry<Object,Object> item: overlay.entrySet()) {
+          String key = (String) item.getKey();
+          String[] source = backup.get(key);
+          if(source != null) {
+            updatingResource.put(key, source);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return properties;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the number of keys in the configuration.
+   *
+   * @return number of keys in the configuration.
+   */
+  public int size() {
+    return getProps().size();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clears all keys from the configuration.
+   */
+  public void clear() {
+    getProps().clear();
+    getOverlay().clear();
+  }
+
+  private Document parse(DocumentBuilder builder, URL url)
+      throws IOException, SAXException {
+    LOG.debug("parsing URL " + url);
+    if (url == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
+    if (connection instanceof JarURLConnection) {
+      // Disable caching for JarURLConnection to avoid sharing JarFile
+      // with other users.
+      connection.setUseCaches(false);
+    }
+    return parse(builder, connection.getInputStream(), url.toString());
+  }
+
+  private Document parse(DocumentBuilder builder, InputStream is,
+      String systemId) throws IOException, SAXException {
+    LOG.debug("parsing input stream " + is);
+    if (is == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    try {
+      return (systemId == null) ? builder.parse(is) : builder.parse(is,
+          systemId);
+    } finally {
+      is.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void loadResources(Properties properties,
+                             ArrayList<Resource> resources) {
+    if(loadDefaults) {
+      for (String resource : defaultResources) {
+        loadResource(properties, new Resource(resource));
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < resources.size(); i++) {
+      Resource ret = loadResource(properties, resources.get(i));
+      if (ret != null) {
+        resources.set(i, ret);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Resource loadResource(Properties properties, Resource wrapper) {
+    String name = UNKNOWN_RESOURCE;
+    try {
+      Object resource = wrapper.getResource();
+      name = wrapper.getName();
+
+      DocumentBuilderFactory docBuilderFactory
+        = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
+      //ignore all comments inside the xml file
+      docBuilderFactory.setIgnoringComments(true);
+
+      //allow includes in the xml file
+      docBuilderFactory.setNamespaceAware(true);
+      try {
+          docBuilderFactory.setXIncludeAware(true);
+      } catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
+        LOG.error("Failed to set setXIncludeAware(true) for parser "
+                + docBuilderFactory
+                + ":" + e,
+                e);
+      }
+      DocumentBuilder builder = docBuilderFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
+      Document doc = null;
+      Element root = null;
+      boolean returnCachedProperties = false;
+
+      if (resource instanceof URL) { // an URL resource
+        doc = parse(builder, (URL) resource);
+      } else if (resource instanceof String) { // a CLASSPATH resource
+        URL url = getResource((String) resource);
+        doc = parse(builder, url);
+      } else if (resource instanceof InputStream) {
+        doc = parse(builder, (InputStream) resource, null);
+        returnCachedProperties = true;
+      } else if (resource instanceof Properties) {
+        overlay(properties, (Properties) resource);
+      } else if (resource instanceof Element) {
+        root = (Element) resource;
+      }
+
+      if (root == null) {
+        if (doc == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        root = doc.getDocumentElement();
+      }
+      Properties toAddTo = properties;
+      if(returnCachedProperties) {
+        toAddTo = new Properties();
+      }
+      if (!"configuration".equals(root.getTagName())) {
+        LOG.error("bad conf file: top-level element not <configuration>");
+      }
+      NodeList props = root.getChildNodes();
+      for (int i = 0; i < props.getLength(); i++) {
+        Node propNode = props.item(i);
+        if (!(propNode instanceof Element))
+          continue;
+        Element prop = (Element)propNode;
+        if ("configuration".equals(prop.getTagName())) {
+          loadResource(toAddTo, new Resource(prop, name));
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (!"property".equals(prop.getTagName()))
+          LOG.warn("bad conf file: element not <property>");
+
+        String attr = null;
+        String value = null;
+        boolean finalParameter = false;
+        LinkedList<String> source = new LinkedList<>();
+
+        Attr propAttr = prop.getAttributeNode("name");
+        if (propAttr != null)
+          attr = StringUtils.weakIntern(propAttr.getValue());
+        propAttr = prop.getAttributeNode("value");
+        if (propAttr != null)
+          value = StringUtils.weakIntern(propAttr.getValue());
+        propAttr = prop.getAttributeNode("final");
+        if (propAttr != null)
+          finalParameter = "true".equals(propAttr.getValue());
+        propAttr = prop.getAttributeNode("source");
+        if (propAttr != null)
+          source.add(StringUtils.weakIntern(propAttr.getValue()));
+
+        NodeList fields = prop.getChildNodes();
+        for (int j = 0; j < fields.getLength(); j++) {
+          Node fieldNode = fields.item(j);
+          if (!(fieldNode instanceof Element))
+            continue;
+          Element field = (Element)fieldNode;
+          if ("name".equals(field.getTagName()) && field.hasChildNodes())
+            attr = StringUtils.weakIntern(
+                ((Text)field.getFirstChild()).getData().trim());
+          if ("value".equals(field.getTagName()) && field.hasChildNodes())
+            value = StringUtils.weakIntern(
+                ((Text)field.getFirstChild()).getData());
+          if ("final".equals(field.getTagName()) && field.hasChildNodes())
+            finalParameter = 
"true".equals(((Text)field.getFirstChild()).getData());
+          if ("source".equals(field.getTagName()) && field.hasChildNodes())
+            source.add(StringUtils.weakIntern(
+                ((Text)field.getFirstChild()).getData()));
+        }
+        source.add(name);
+
+        // Ignore this parameter if it has already been marked as 'final'
+        if (attr != null) {
+          loadProperty(toAddTo, name, attr, value, finalParameter,
+              source.toArray(new String[source.size()]));
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (returnCachedProperties) {
+        overlay(properties, toAddTo);
+        return new Resource(toAddTo, name);
+      }
+      return null;
+    } catch (IOException | DOMException | SAXException |
+        ParserConfigurationException e) {
+      LOG.error("error parsing conf " + name, e);
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void overlay(Properties to, Properties from) {
+    for (Entry<Object, Object> entry: from.entrySet()) {
+      to.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void loadProperty(Properties properties, String name, String attr,
+      String value, boolean finalParameter, String[] source) {
+    if (value != null) {
+      if (!finalParameters.contains(attr)) {
+        properties.setProperty(attr, value);
+        if(source != null) {
+          updatingResource.put(attr, source);
+        }
+      } else if (!value.equals(properties.getProperty(attr))) {
+        LOG.warn(name+":an attempt to override final parameter: "+attr
+            +";  Ignoring.");
+      }
+    }
+    if (finalParameter && attr != null) {
+      finalParameters.add(attr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write out the non-default properties in this configuration to the given
+   * {@link OutputStream} using UTF-8 encoding.
+   *
+   * @param out the output stream to write to.
+   */
+  public void writeXml(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
+    writeXml(new OutputStreamWriter(out, "UTF-8"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Write out the non-default properties in this configuration to the given
+   * {@link Writer}.
+   *
+   * @param out the writer to write to.
+   */
+  public void writeXml(Writer out) throws IOException {
+    Document doc = asXmlDocument();
+
+    try {
+      DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
+      StreamResult result = new StreamResult(out);
+      TransformerFactory transFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
+      Transformer transformer = transFactory.newTransformer();
+
+      // Important to not hold Configuration log while writing result, since
+      // 'out' may be an HDFS stream which needs to lock this configuration
+      // from another thread.
+      transformer.transform(source, result);
+    } catch (TransformerException te) {
+      throw new IOException(te);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the XML DOM corresponding to this Configuration.
+   */
+  private synchronized Document asXmlDocument() throws IOException {
+    Document doc;
+    try {
+      doc =
+        
DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder().newDocument();
+    } catch (ParserConfigurationException pe) {
+      throw new IOException(pe);
+    }
+    Element conf = doc.createElement("configuration");
+    doc.appendChild(conf);
+    conf.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("\n"));
+    for (Enumeration<Object> e = properties.keys(); e.hasMoreElements();) {
+      String name = (String)e.nextElement();
+      Object object = properties.get(name);
+      String value;
+      if (object instanceof String) {
+        value = (String) object;
+      }else {
+        continue;
+      }
+      Element propNode = doc.createElement("property");
+      conf.appendChild(propNode);
+
+      Element nameNode = doc.createElement("name");
+      nameNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(name));
+      propNode.appendChild(nameNode);
+
+      Element valueNode = doc.createElement("value");
+      valueNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(value));
+      propNode.appendChild(valueNode);
+
+      if (updatingResource != null) {
+        String[] sources = updatingResource.get(name);
+        if(sources != null) {
+          for(String s : sources) {
+            Element sourceNode = doc.createElement("source");
+            sourceNode.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(s));
+            propNode.appendChild(sourceNode);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      conf.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("\n"));
+    }
+    return doc;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the {@link ClassLoader} for this job.
+   *
+   * @return the correct class loader.
+   */
+  public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
+    return classLoader;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the class loader that will be used to load the various objects.
+   *
+   * @param classLoader the new class loader.
+   */
+  public void setClassLoader(ClassLoader classLoader) {
+    this.classLoader = classLoader;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    sb.append("Configuration: ");
+    if(loadDefaults) {
+      toString(defaultResources, sb);
+      if(resources.size()>0) {
+        sb.append(", ");
+      }
+    }
+    toString(resources, sb);
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  private <T> void toString(List<T> resources, StringBuilder sb) {
+    ListIterator<T> i = resources.listIterator();
+    while (i.hasNext()) {
+      if (i.nextIndex() != 0) {
+        sb.append(", ");
+      }
+      sb.append(i.next());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * get keys matching the the regex
+   * @return a map with matching keys
+   */
+  public Map<String,String> getValByRegex(String regex) {
+    Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex);
+
+    Map<String,String> result = new HashMap<>();
+    Matcher m;
+
+    for(Entry<Object,Object> item: getProps().entrySet()) {
+      if (item.getKey() instanceof String &&
+          item.getValue() instanceof String) {
+        m = p.matcher((String)item.getKey());
+        if(m.find()) { // match
+          result.put((String) item.getKey(),
+              substituteVars(getProps().getProperty((String) item.getKey())));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A unique class which is used as a sentinel value in the caching
+   * for getClassByName. {@link RaftProperties#getClassByNameOrNull(String)}
+   */
+  private static abstract class NegativeCacheSentinel {}
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-ratis/blob/7e71a2e0/ratis-common/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/io/MD5Hash.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/ratis-common/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/io/MD5Hash.java 
b/ratis-common/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/io/MD5Hash.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44447a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ratis-common/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/io/MD5Hash.java
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.ratis.io;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.DataInput;
+import java.io.DataOutput;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+public class MD5Hash {
+  public static final int MD5_LEN = 16;
+
+  private static final ThreadLocal<MessageDigest> DIGESTER_FACTORY =
+      ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> {
+    try {
+      return MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
+    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  });
+
+  private byte[] digest;
+
+  /** Constructs an MD5Hash. */
+  public MD5Hash() {
+    this.digest = new byte[MD5_LEN];
+  }
+
+  /** Constructs an MD5Hash from a hex string. */
+  public MD5Hash(String hex) {
+    setDigest(hex);
+  }
+
+  /** Constructs an MD5Hash with a specified value. */
+  public MD5Hash(byte[] digest) {
+    if (digest.length != MD5_LEN)
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong length: " + digest.length);
+    this.digest = digest;
+  }
+
+  public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
+    in.readFully(digest);
+  }
+
+  /** Constructs, reads and returns an instance. */
+  public static MD5Hash read(DataInput in) throws IOException {
+    MD5Hash result = new MD5Hash();
+    result.readFields(in);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
+    out.write(digest);
+  }
+
+  /** Copy the contents of another instance into this instance. */
+  public void set(MD5Hash that) {
+    System.arraycopy(that.digest, 0, this.digest, 0, MD5_LEN);
+  }
+
+  /** Returns the digest bytes. */
+  public byte[] getDigest() { return digest; }
+
+  /** Construct a hash value for a byte array. */
+  public static MD5Hash digest(byte[] data) {
+    return digest(data, 0, data.length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a thread local MD5 digester
+   */
+  public static MessageDigest getDigester() {
+    MessageDigest digester = DIGESTER_FACTORY.get();
+    digester.reset();
+    return digester;
+  }
+
+  /** Construct a hash value for the content from the InputStream. */
+  public static MD5Hash digest(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+    final byte[] buffer = new byte[4*1024];
+
+    final MessageDigest digester = getDigester();
+    for(int n; (n = in.read(buffer)) != -1; ) {
+      digester.update(buffer, 0, n);
+    }
+
+    return new MD5Hash(digester.digest());
+  }
+
+  /** Construct a hash value for a byte array. */
+  public static MD5Hash digest(byte[] data, int start, int len) {
+    byte[] digest;
+    MessageDigest digester = getDigester();
+    digester.update(data, start, len);
+    digest = digester.digest();
+    return new MD5Hash(digest);
+  }
+
+  /** Construct a hash value for an array of byte array. */
+  public static MD5Hash digest(byte[][] dataArr, int start, int len) {
+    byte[] digest;
+    MessageDigest digester = getDigester();
+    for (byte[] data : dataArr) {
+      digester.update(data, start, len);
+    }
+    digest = digester.digest();
+    return new MD5Hash(digest);
+  }
+
+  /** Construct a half-sized version of this MD5.  Fits in a long **/
+  public long halfDigest() {
+    long value = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+      value |= ((digest[i] & 0xffL) << (8*(7-i)));
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a 32-bit digest of the MD5.
+   * @return the first 4 bytes of the md5
+   */
+  public int quarterDigest() {
+    int value = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+      value |= ((digest[i] & 0xff) << (8*(3-i)));
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns true iff <code>o</code> is an MD5Hash whose digest contains the
+   * same values.  */
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (!(o instanceof MD5Hash))
+      return false;
+    MD5Hash other = (MD5Hash)o;
+    return Arrays.equals(this.digest, other.digest);
+  }
+
+  /** Returns a hash code value for this object.
+   * Only uses the first 4 bytes, since md5s are evenly distributed.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return quarterDigest();
+  }
+
+  private static final char[] HEX_DIGITS =
+      {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c','d','e','f'};
+
+  /** Returns a string representation of this object. */
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(MD5_LEN*2);
+    for (int i = 0; i < MD5_LEN; i++) {
+      int b = digest[i];
+      buf.append(HEX_DIGITS[(b >> 4) & 0xf]);
+      buf.append(HEX_DIGITS[b & 0xf]);
+    }
+    return buf.toString();
+  }
+
+  /** Sets the digest value from a hex string. */
+  public void setDigest(String hex) {
+    if (hex.length() != MD5_LEN*2)
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong length: " + hex.length());
+    byte[] digest = new byte[MD5_LEN];
+    for (int i = 0; i < MD5_LEN; i++) {
+      int j = i << 1;
+      digest[i] = (byte)(charToNibble(hex.charAt(j)) << 4 |
+          charToNibble(hex.charAt(j+1)));
+    }
+    this.digest = digest;
+  }
+
+  private static int charToNibble(char c) {
+    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+      return c - '0';
+    } else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
+      return 0xa + (c - 'a');
+    } else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
+      return 0xA + (c - 'A');
+    } else {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Not a hex character: " + c);
+    }
+  }
+}

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-ratis/blob/7e71a2e0/ratis-common/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/io/nativeio/Errno.java
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/ratis-common/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/io/nativeio/Errno.java 
b/ratis-common/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/io/nativeio/Errno.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2dbeadc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ratis-common/src/main/java/org/apache/ratis/io/nativeio/Errno.java
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.ratis.io.nativeio;
+
+/**
+ * Enum representing POSIX errno values.
+ */
+public enum Errno {
+  EPERM,
+  ENOENT,
+  ESRCH,
+  EINTR,
+  EIO,
+  ENXIO,
+  E2BIG,
+  ENOEXEC,
+  EBADF,
+  ECHILD,
+  EAGAIN,
+  ENOMEM,
+  EACCES,
+  EFAULT,
+  ENOTBLK,
+  EBUSY,
+  EEXIST,
+  EXDEV,
+  ENODEV,
+  ENOTDIR,
+  EISDIR,
+  EINVAL,
+  ENFILE,
+  EMFILE,
+  ENOTTY,
+  ETXTBSY,
+  EFBIG,
+  ENOSPC,
+  ESPIPE,
+  EROFS,
+  EMLINK,
+  EPIPE,
+  EDOM,
+  ERANGE,
+  ELOOP,
+  ENAMETOOLONG,
+  ENOTEMPTY,
+  EOVERFLOW,
+
+  UNKNOWN
+}

Reply via email to