http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-rocketmq-externals/blob/70ce5c77/rocketmq-cpp/src/common/FastDelegate.h
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+//                      FastDelegate.h
+//  Efficient delegates in C++ that generate only two lines of asm code!
+//  Documentation is found at http://www.codeproject.com/cpp/FastDelegate.asp
+//
+//                      - Don Clugston, Mar 2004.
+//      Major contributions were made by Jody Hagins.
+// History:
+// 24-Apr-04 1.0  * Submitted to CodeProject.
+// 28-Apr-04 1.1  * Prevent most unsafe uses of evil static function hack.
+//                * Improved syntax for horrible_cast (thanks Paul Bludov).
+//                * Tested on Metrowerks MWCC and Intel ICL (IA32)
+//                * Compiled, but not run, on Comeau C++ and Intel Itanium ICL.
+//  27-Jun-04 1.2 * Now works on Borland C++ Builder 5.5
+//                * Now works on /clr "managed C++" code on VC7, VC7.1
+//                * Comeau C++ now compiles without warnings.
+//                * Prevent the virtual inheritance case from being used on
+//                    VC6 and earlier, which generate incorrect code.
+//                * Improved warning and error messages. Non-standard hacks
+//                   now have compile-time checks to make them safer.
+//                * implicit_cast used instead of static_cast in many cases.
+//                * If calling a const member function, a const class pointer
+//                can be used.
+//                * MakeDelegate() global helper function added to simplify
+//                pass-by-value.
+//                * Added fastdelegate.clear()
+// 16-Jul-04 1.2.1* Workaround for gcc bug (const member function pointers in
+// templates)
+// 30-Oct-04 1.3  * Support for (non-void) return values.
+//                * No more workarounds in client code!
+//                   MSVC and Intel now use a clever hack invented by John
+//                   Dlugosz:
+//                   - The FASTDELEGATEDECLARE workaround is no longer
+//                   necessary.
+//                   - No more warning messages for VC6
+//                * Less use of macros. Error messages should be more
+//                comprehensible.
+//                * Added include guards
+//                * Added FastDelegate::empty() to test if invocation is safe
+//                (Thanks Neville Franks).
+//                * Now tested on VS 2005 Express Beta, PGI C++
+// 24-Dec-04 1.4  * Added DelegateMemento, to allow collections of disparate
+// delegates.
+//                * <,>,<=,>= comparison operators to allow storage in ordered
+//                containers.
+//                * Substantial reduction of code size, especially the 
'Closure'
+//                class.
+//                * Standardised all the compiler-specific workarounds.
+//                * MFP conversion now works for CodePlay (but not yet 
supported
+//                in the full code).
+//                * Now compiles without warnings on _any_ supported compiler,
+//                including BCC 5.5.1
+//                * New syntax: FastDelegate< int (char *, double) >.
+// 14-Feb-05 1.4.1* Now treats =0 as equivalent to .clear(), ==0 as equivalent
+// to .empty(). (Thanks elfric).
+//                * Now tested on Intel ICL for AMD64, VS2005 Beta for AMD64 
and
+//                Itanium.
+// 30-Mar-05 1.5  * Safebool idiom: "if (dg)" is now equivalent to "if
+// (!dg.empty())"
+//                * Fully supported by CodePlay VectorC
+//                * Bugfix for Metrowerks: empty() was buggy because a valid 
MFP
+//                can be 0 on MWCC!
+//                * More optimal assignment,== and != operators for static
+//                function pointers.
+
+#ifndef FASTDELEGATE_H
+#define FASTDELEGATE_H
+#if _MSC_VER > 1000
+#pragma once
+#endif  // _MSC_VER > 1000
+
+#include <memory.h>  // to allow <,> comparisons
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                      Configuration options
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Uncomment the following #define for optimally-sized delegates.
+// In this case, the generated asm code is almost identical to the code you'd
+// get
+// if the compiler had native support for delegates.
+// It will not work on systems where sizeof(dataptr) < sizeof(codeptr).
+// Thus, it will not work for DOS compilers using the medium model.
+// It will also probably fail on some DSP systems.
+#define FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK
+
+// Uncomment the next line to allow function declarator syntax.
+// It is automatically enabled for those compilers where it is known to work.
+//#define FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                      Compiler identification for workarounds
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Compiler identification. It's not easy to identify Visual C++ because
+// many vendors fraudulently define Microsoft's identifiers.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__MWERKS__) && !defined(__VECTOR_C) && \
+    !defined(__ICL) && !defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#define FASTDLGT_ISMSVC
+
+#if (_MSC_VER < 1300)  // Many workarounds are required for VC6.
+#define FASTDLGT_VC6
+#pragma warning(disable : 4786)  // disable this ridiculous warning
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+// Does the compiler uses Microsoft's member function pointer structure?
+// If so, it needs special treatment.
+// Metrowerks CodeWarrior, Intel, and CodePlay fraudulently define Microsoft's
+// identifier, _MSC_VER. We need to filter Metrowerks out.
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__MWERKS__)
+#define FASTDLGT_MICROSOFT_MFP
+
+#if !defined(__VECTOR_C)
+// CodePlay doesn't have the __single/multi/virtual_inheritance keywords
+#define FASTDLGT_HASINHERITANCE_KEYWORDS
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// Does it allow function declarator syntax? The following compilers are known
+// to work:
+#if defined(FASTDLGT_ISMSVC) && (_MSC_VER >= 1310)  // VC 7.1
+#define FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
+#endif
+
+// Gcc(2.95+), and versions of Digital Mars, Intel and Comeau in common use.
+#if defined(__DMC__) || defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__ICL) || 
defined(__COMO__)
+#define FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
+#endif
+
+// It works on Metrowerks MWCC 3.2.2. From boost.Config it should work on
+// earlier ones too.
+#if defined(__MWERKS__)
+#define FASTDELEGATE_ALLOW_FUNCTION_TYPE_SYNTAX
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__  // Workaround GCC bug #8271
+// At present, GCC doesn't recognize constness of MFPs in templates
+#define FASTDELEGATE_GCC_BUG_8271
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                      General tricks used in this code
+//
+// (a) Error messages are generated by typdefing an array of negative size to
+//     generate compile-time errors.
+// (b) Warning messages on MSVC are generated by declaring unused variables, 
and
+//      enabling the "variable XXX is never used" warning.
+// (c) Unions are used in a few compiler-specific cases to perform illegal
+// casts.
+// (d) For Microsoft and Intel, when adjusting the 'this' pointer, it's cast to
+//     (char *) first to ensure that the correct number of *bytes* are added.
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                      Helper templates
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace fastdelegate {
+namespace detail {  // we'll hide the implementation details in a nested
+                    // namespace.
+
+//      implicit_cast< >
+// I believe this was originally going to be in the C++ standard but
+// was left out by accident. It's even milder than static_cast.
+// I use it instead of static_cast<> to emphasize that I'm not doing
+// anything nasty.
+// Usage is identical to static_cast<>
+template <class OutputClass, class InputClass>
+inline OutputClass implicit_cast(InputClass input) {
+  return input;
+}
+
+//      horrible_cast< >
+// This is truly evil. It completely subverts C++'s type system, allowing you
+// to cast from any class to any other class. Technically, using a union
+// to perform the cast is undefined behaviour (even in C). But we can see if
+// it is OK by checking that the union is the same size as each of its members.
+// horrible_cast<> should only be used for compiler-specific workarounds.
+// Usage is identical to reinterpret_cast<>.
+
+// This union is declared outside the horrible_cast because BCC 5.5.1
+// can't inline a function with a nested class, and gives a warning.
+template <class OutputClass, class InputClass>
+union horrible_union {
+  OutputClass out;
+  InputClass in;
+};
+
+template <class OutputClass, class InputClass>
+inline OutputClass horrible_cast(const InputClass input) {
+  horrible_union<OutputClass, InputClass> u;
+  // Cause a compile-time error if in, out and u are not the same size.
+  // If the compile fails here, it means the compiler has peculiar
+  // unions which would prevent the cast from working.
+  // typedef int ERROR_CantUseHorrible_cast[sizeof(InputClass)==sizeof(u)
+  //  && sizeof(InputClass)==sizeof(OutputClass) ? 1 : -1];
+  u.in = input;
+  return u.out;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                      Workarounds
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Backwards compatibility: This macro used to be necessary in the virtual
+// inheritance
+// case for Intel and Microsoft. Now it just forward-declares the class.
+#define FASTDELEGATEDECLARE(CLASSNAME) class CLASSNAME;
+
+// Prevent use of the static function hack with the DOS medium model.
+#ifdef __MEDIUM__
+#undef FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK
+#endif
+
+//          DefaultVoid - a workaround for 'void' templates in VC6.
+//
+//  (1) VC6 and earlier do not allow 'void' as a default template argument.
+//  (2) They also doesn't allow you to return 'void' from a function.
+//
+// Workaround for (1): Declare a dummy type 'DefaultVoid' which we use
+//   when we'd like to use 'void'. We convert it into 'void' and back
+//   using the templates DefaultVoidToVoid<> and VoidToDefaultVoid<>.
+// Workaround for (2): On VC6, the code for calling a void function is
+//   identical to the code for calling a non-void function in which the
+//   return value is never used, provided the return value is returned
+//   in the EAX register, rather than on the stack.
+//   This is true for most fundamental types such as int, enum, void *.
+//   Const void * is the safest option since it doesn't participate
+//   in any automatic conversions. But on a 16-bit compiler it might
+//   cause extra code to be generated, so we disable it for all compilers
+//   except for VC6 (and VC5).
+#ifdef FASTDLGT_VC6
+// VC6 workaround
+typedef const void* DefaultVoid;
+#else
+// On any other compiler, just use a normal void.
+typedef void DefaultVoid;
+#endif
+
+// Translate from 'DefaultVoid' to 'void'.
+// Everything else is unchanged
+template <class T>
+struct DefaultVoidToVoid {
+  typedef T type;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct DefaultVoidToVoid<DefaultVoid> {
+  typedef void type;
+};
+
+// Translate from 'void' into 'DefaultVoid'
+// Everything else is unchanged
+template <class T>
+struct VoidToDefaultVoid {
+  typedef T type;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct VoidToDefaultVoid<void> {
+  typedef DefaultVoid type;
+};
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                      Fast Delegates, part 1:
+//
+//      Conversion of member function pointer to a standard form
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// GenericClass is a fake class, ONLY used to provide a type.
+// It is vitally important that it is never defined, so that the compiler
+// doesn't
+// think it can optimize the invocation. For example, Borland generates simpler
+// code if it knows the class only uses single inheritance.
+
+// Compilers using Microsoft's structure need to be treated as a special case.
+#ifdef FASTDLGT_MICROSOFT_MFP
+
+#ifdef FASTDLGT_HASINHERITANCE_KEYWORDS
+// For Microsoft and Intel, we want to ensure that it's the most efficient type
+// of MFP
+// (4 bytes), even when the /vmg option is used. Declaring an empty class
+// would give 16 byte pointers in this case....
+class __single_inheritance GenericClass;
+#endif
+// ...but for Codeplay, an empty class *always* gives 4 byte pointers.
+// If compiled with the /clr option ("managed C++"), the JIT compiler thinks
+// it needs to load GenericClass before it can call any of its functions,
+// (compiles OK but crashes at runtime!), so we need to declare an
+// empty class to make it happy.
+// Codeplay and VC4 can't cope with the unknown_inheritance case either.
+class GenericClass {};
+#else
+class GenericClass;
+#endif
+
+// The size of a single inheritance member function pointer.
+const int SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE = sizeof(void (GenericClass::*)());
+
+//                      SimplifyMemFunc< >::Convert()
+//
+//  A template function that converts an arbitrary member function pointer into
+//  the
+//  simplest possible form of member function pointer, using a supplied 'this'
+//  pointer.
+//  According to the standard, this can be done legally with 
reinterpret_cast<>.
+//  For (non-standard) compilers which use member function pointers which vary
+//  in size
+//  depending on the class, we need to use  knowledge of the internal structure
+//  of a
+//  member function pointer, as used by the compiler. Template specialization 
is
+//  used
+//  to distinguish between the sizes. Because some compilers don't support
+//  partial
+//  template specialisation, I use full specialisation of a wrapper struct.
+
+// general case -- don't know how to convert it. Force a compile failure
+template <int N>
+struct SimplifyMemFunc {
+  template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
+  inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
+                                      GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
+    // Unsupported member function type -- force a compile failure.
+    // (it's illegal to have a array with negative size).
+    // typedef char 
ERROR_Unsupported_member_function_pointer_on_this_compiler[N
+    // - 100];
+    return 0;
+  }
+};
+
+// For compilers where all member func ptrs are the same size, everything goes
+// here.
+// For non-standard compilers, only single_inheritance classes go here.
+template <>
+struct SimplifyMemFunc<SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE> {
+  template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
+  inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
+                                      GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
+#if defined __DMC__
+    // Digital Mars doesn't allow you to cast between abitrary PMF's,
+    // even though the standard says you can. The 32-bit compiler lets you
+    // static_cast through an int, but the DOS compiler doesn't.
+    bound_func = horrible_cast<GenericMemFuncType>(function_to_bind);
+#else
+    bound_func = reinterpret_cast<GenericMemFuncType>(function_to_bind);
+#endif
+    return reinterpret_cast<GenericClass*>(pthis);
+  }
+};
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                      Fast Delegates, part 1b:
+//
+//                  Workarounds for Microsoft and Intel
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Compilers with member function pointers which violate the standard (MSVC,
+// Intel, Codeplay),
+// need to be treated as a special case.
+#ifdef FASTDLGT_MICROSOFT_MFP
+
+// We use unions to perform horrible_casts. I would like to use #pragma
+// pack(push, 1)
+// at the start of each function for extra safety, but VC6 seems to ICE
+// intermittently if you do this inside a template.
+
+// __multiple_inheritance classes go here
+// Nasty hack for Microsoft and Intel (IA32 and Itanium)
+template <>
+struct SimplifyMemFunc<SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE + sizeof(int)> {
+  template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
+  inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
+                                      GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
+    // We need to use a horrible_cast to do this conversion.
+    // In MSVC, a multiple inheritance member pointer is internally defined as:
+    union {
+      XFuncType func;
+      struct {
+        GenericMemFuncType funcaddress;  // points to the actual member 
function
+        int delta;  // #BYTES to be added to the 'this' pointer
+      } s;
+    } u;
+    // Check that the horrible_cast will work
+    typedef int ERROR_CantUsehorrible_cast
+        [sizeof(function_to_bind) == sizeof(u.s) ? 1 : -1];
+    u.func = function_to_bind;
+    bound_func = u.s.funcaddress;
+    return reinterpret_cast<GenericClass*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(pthis) +
+                                           u.s.delta);
+  }
+};
+
+// virtual inheritance is a real nuisance. It's inefficient and complicated.
+// On MSVC and Intel, there isn't enough information in the pointer itself to
+// enable conversion to a closure pointer. Earlier versions of this code didn't
+// work for all cases, and generated a compile-time error instead.
+// But a very clever hack invented by John M. Dlugosz solves this problem.
+// My code is somewhat different to his: I have no asm code, and I make no
+// assumptions about the calling convention that is used.
+
+// In VC++ and ICL, a virtual_inheritance member pointer
+// is internally defined as:
+struct MicrosoftVirtualMFP {
+  void (GenericClass::*codeptr)();  // points to the actual member function
+  int delta;                        // #bytes to be added to the 'this' pointer
+  int vtable_index;                 // or 0 if no virtual inheritance
+};
+// The CRUCIAL feature of Microsoft/Intel MFPs which we exploit is that the
+// m_codeptr member is *always* called, regardless of the values of the other
+// members. (This is *not* true for other compilers, eg GCC, which obtain the
+// function address from the vtable if a virtual function is being called).
+// Dlugosz's trick is to make the codeptr point to a probe function which
+// returns the 'this' pointer that was used.
+
+// Define a generic class that uses virtual inheritance.
+// It has a trival member function that returns the value of the 'this' 
pointer.
+struct GenericVirtualClass : virtual public GenericClass {
+  typedef GenericVirtualClass* (GenericVirtualClass::*ProbePtrType)();
+  GenericVirtualClass* GetThis() { return this; }
+};
+
+// __virtual_inheritance classes go here
+template <>
+struct SimplifyMemFunc<SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE + 2 * sizeof(int)> {
+  template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
+  inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
+                                      GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
+    union {
+      XFuncType func;
+      GenericClass* (X::*ProbeFunc)();
+      MicrosoftVirtualMFP s;
+    } u;
+    u.func = function_to_bind;
+    bound_func = reinterpret_cast<GenericMemFuncType>(u.s.codeptr);
+    union {
+      GenericVirtualClass::ProbePtrType virtfunc;
+      MicrosoftVirtualMFP s;
+    } u2;
+    // Check that the horrible_cast<>s will work
+    typedef int
+        ERROR_CantUsehorrible_cast[sizeof(function_to_bind) == sizeof(u.s) &&
+                                           sizeof(function_to_bind) ==
+                                               sizeof(u.ProbeFunc) &&
+                                           sizeof(u2.virtfunc) == sizeof(u2.s)
+                                       ? 1
+                                       : -1];
+    // Unfortunately, taking the address of a MF prevents it from being 
inlined,
+    // so
+    // this next line can't be completely optimised away by the compiler.
+    u2.virtfunc = &GenericVirtualClass::GetThis;
+    u.s.codeptr = u2.s.codeptr;
+    return (pthis->*u.ProbeFunc)();
+  }
+};
+
+#if (_MSC_VER < 1300)
+
+// Nasty hack for Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0
+// unknown_inheritance classes go here
+// There is a compiler bug in MSVC6 which generates incorrect code in this
+// case!!
+template <>
+struct SimplifyMemFunc<SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE + 3 * sizeof(int)> {
+  template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
+  inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
+                                      GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
+    // There is an apalling but obscure compiler bug in MSVC6 and earlier:
+    // vtable_index and 'vtordisp' are always set to 0 in the
+    // unknown_inheritance case!
+    // This means that an incorrect function could be called!!!
+    // Compiling with the /vmg option leads to potentially incorrect code.
+    // This is probably the reason that the IDE has a user interface for
+    // specifying
+    // the /vmg option, but it is disabled -  you can only specify /vmg on
+    // the command line. In VC1.5 and earlier, the compiler would ICE if it 
ever
+    // encountered this situation.
+    // It is OK to use the /vmg option if /vmm or /vms is specified.
+
+    // Fortunately, the wrong function is only called in very obscure cases.
+    // It only occurs when a derived class overrides a virtual function 
declared
+    // in a virtual base class, and the member function
+    // points to the *Derived* version of that function. The problem can be
+    // completely averted in 100% of cases by using the *Base class* for the
+    // member fpointer. Ie, if you use the base class as an interface, you'll
+    // stay out of trouble.
+    // Occasionally, you might want to point directly to a derived class
+    // function
+    // that isn't an override of a base class. In this case, both vtable_index
+    // and 'vtordisp' are zero, but a virtual_inheritance pointer will be
+    // generated.
+    // We can generate correct code in this case. To prevent an incorrect call
+    // from
+    // ever being made, on MSVC6 we generate a warning, and call a function to
+    // make the program crash instantly.
+    typedef char ERROR_VC6CompilerBug[-100];
+    return 0;
+  }
+};
+
+#else
+
+// Nasty hack for Microsoft and Intel (IA32 and Itanium)
+// unknown_inheritance classes go here
+// This is probably the ugliest bit of code I've ever written. Look at the
+// casts!
+// There is a compiler bug in MSVC6 which prevents it from using this code.
+template <>
+struct SimplifyMemFunc<SINGLE_MEMFUNCPTR_SIZE + 3 * sizeof(int)> {
+  template <class X, class XFuncType, class GenericMemFuncType>
+  inline static GenericClass* Convert(X* pthis, XFuncType function_to_bind,
+                                      GenericMemFuncType& bound_func) {
+    // The member function pointer is 16 bytes long. We can't use a normal 
cast,
+    // but
+    // we can use a union to do the conversion.
+    union {
+      XFuncType func;
+      // In VC++ and ICL, an unknown_inheritance member pointer
+      // is internally defined as:
+      struct {
+        GenericMemFuncType
+            m_funcaddress;  // points to the actual member function
+        int delta;          // #bytes to be added to the 'this' pointer
+        int vtordisp;       // #bytes to add to 'this' to find the vtable
+        int vtable_index;   // or 0 if no virtual inheritance
+      } s;
+    } u;
+    // Check that the horrible_cast will work
+    typedef int
+        ERROR_CantUsehorrible_cast[sizeof(XFuncType) == sizeof(u.s) ? 1 : -1];
+    u.func = function_to_bind;
+    bound_func = u.s.funcaddress;
+    int virtual_delta = 0;
+    if (u.s.vtable_index) {  // Virtual inheritance is used
+      // First, get to the vtable.
+      // It is 'vtordisp' bytes from the start of the class.
+      const int* vtable = *reinterpret_cast<const int* const*>(
+          reinterpret_cast<const char*>(pthis) + u.s.vtordisp);
+
+      // 'vtable_index' tells us where in the table we should be looking.
+      virtual_delta =
+          u.s.vtordisp +
+          *reinterpret_cast<const int*>(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(vtable) +
+                                        u.s.vtable_index);
+    }
+    // The int at 'virtual_delta' gives us the amount to add to 'this'.
+    // Finally we can add the three components together. Phew!
+    return reinterpret_cast<GenericClass*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(pthis) +
+                                           u.s.delta + virtual_delta);
+  };
+};
+#endif  // MSVC 7 and greater
+
+#endif  // MS/Intel hacks
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                      Fast Delegates, part 2:
+//
+//  Define the delegate storage, and cope with static functions
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// DelegateMemento -- an opaque structure which can hold an arbitary delegate.
+// It knows nothing about the calling convention or number of arguments used by
+// the function pointed to.
+// It supplies comparison operators so that it can be stored in STL 
collections.
+// It cannot be set to anything other than null, nor invoked directly:
+//   it must be converted to a specific delegate.
+
+// Implementation:
+// There are two possible implementations: the Safe method and the Evil method.
+//              DelegateMemento - Safe version
+//
+// This implementation is standard-compliant, but a bit tricky.
+// A static function pointer is stored inside the class.
+// Here are the valid values:
+// +-- Static pointer --+--pThis --+-- pMemFunc-+-- Meaning------+
+// |   0                |  0       |   0        | Empty          |
+// |   !=0              |(dontcare)|  Invoker   | Static function|
+// |   0                |  !=0     |  !=0*      | Method call    |
+// +--------------------+----------+------------+----------------+
+//  * For Metrowerks, this can be 0. (first virtual function in a
+//       single_inheritance class).
+// When stored stored inside a specific delegate, the 'dontcare' entries are
+// replaced
+// with a reference to the delegate itself. This complicates the = and ==
+// operators
+// for the delegate class.
+
+//              DelegateMemento - Evil version
+//
+// For compilers where data pointers are at least as big as code pointers, it 
is
+// possible to store the function pointer in the this pointer, using another
+// horrible_cast. In this case the DelegateMemento implementation is simple:
+// +--pThis --+-- pMemFunc-+-- Meaning---------------------+
+// |    0     |  0         | Empty                         |
+// |  !=0     |  !=0*      | Static function or method call|
+// +----------+------------+-------------------------------+
+//  * For Metrowerks, this can be 0. (first virtual function in a
+//       single_inheritance class).
+// Note that the Sun C++ and MSVC documentation explicitly state that they
+// support static_cast between void * and function pointers.
+
+class DelegateMemento {
+ protected:
+  // the data is protected, not private, because many
+  // compilers have problems with template friends.
+  typedef void (detail::GenericClass::*GenericMemFuncType)();  // arbitrary 
MFP.
+  detail::GenericClass* m_pthis;
+  GenericMemFuncType m_pFunction;
+
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+  typedef void (*GenericFuncPtr)();  // arbitrary code pointer
+  GenericFuncPtr m_pStaticFunction;
+#endif
+
+ public:
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+  DelegateMemento() : m_pthis(0), m_pFunction(0), m_pStaticFunction(0){};
+  void clear() {
+    m_pthis = 0;
+    m_pFunction = 0;
+    m_pStaticFunction = 0;
+  }
+#else
+  DelegateMemento() : m_pthis(0), m_pFunction(0){};
+  void clear() {
+    m_pthis = 0;
+    m_pFunction = 0;
+  }
+#endif
+ public:
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+  inline bool IsEqual(const DelegateMemento& x) const {
+    // We have to cope with the static function pointers as a special case
+    if (m_pFunction != x.m_pFunction) return false;
+    // the static function ptrs must either both be equal, or both be 0.
+    if (m_pStaticFunction != x.m_pStaticFunction) return false;
+    if (m_pStaticFunction != 0)
+      return m_pthis == x.m_pthis;
+    else
+      return true;
+  }
+#else  // Evil Method
+  inline bool IsEqual(const DelegateMemento& x) const {
+    return m_pthis == x.m_pthis && m_pFunction == x.m_pFunction;
+  }
+#endif
+  // Provide a strict weak ordering for DelegateMementos.
+  inline bool IsLess(const DelegateMemento& right) const {
+// deal with static function pointers first
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+    if (m_pStaticFunction != 0 || right.m_pStaticFunction != 0)
+      return m_pStaticFunction < right.m_pStaticFunction;
+#endif
+    if (m_pthis != right.m_pthis) return m_pthis < right.m_pthis;
+    // There are no ordering operators for member function pointers,
+    // but we can fake one by comparing each byte. The resulting ordering is
+    // arbitrary (and compiler-dependent), but it permits storage in ordered 
STL
+    // containers.
+    return memcmp(&m_pFunction, &right.m_pFunction, sizeof(m_pFunction)) < 0;
+  }
+  // BUGFIX (Mar 2005):
+  // We can't just compare m_pFunction because on Metrowerks,
+  // m_pFunction can be zero even if the delegate is not empty!
+  inline bool operator!() const {  // Is it bound to anything?
+    return m_pthis == 0 && m_pFunction == 0;
+  }
+  inline bool empty() const {  // Is it bound to anything?
+    return m_pthis == 0 && m_pFunction == 0;
+  }
+
+ public:
+  DelegateMemento& operator=(const DelegateMemento& right) {
+    SetMementoFrom(right);
+    return *this;
+  }
+  inline bool operator<(const DelegateMemento& right) { return IsLess(right); }
+  inline bool operator>(const DelegateMemento& right) {
+    return right.IsLess(*this);
+  }
+  DelegateMemento(const DelegateMemento& right)
+      : m_pthis(right.m_pthis),
+        m_pFunction(right.m_pFunction)
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+        ,
+        m_pStaticFunction(right.m_pStaticFunction)
+#endif
+  {
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void SetMementoFrom(const DelegateMemento& right) {
+    m_pFunction = right.m_pFunction;
+    m_pthis = right.m_pthis;
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+    m_pStaticFunction = right.m_pStaticFunction;
+#endif
+  }
+};
+
+//                      ClosurePtr<>
+//
+// A private wrapper class that adds function signatures to DelegateMemento.
+// It's the class that does most of the actual work.
+// The signatures are specified by:
+// GenericMemFunc: must be a type of GenericClass member function pointer.
+// StaticFuncPtr:  must be a type of function pointer with the same signature
+//                 as GenericMemFunc.
+// UnvoidStaticFuncPtr: is the same as StaticFuncPtr, except on VC6
+//                 where it never returns void (returns DefaultVoid instead).
+
+// An outer class, FastDelegateN<>, handles the invoking and creates the
+// necessary typedefs.
+// This class does everything else.
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <class GenericMemFunc, class StaticFuncPtr, class UnvoidStaticFuncPtr>
+class ClosurePtr : public DelegateMemento {
+ public:
+  // These functions are for setting the delegate to a member function.
+
+  // Here's the clever bit: we convert an arbitrary member function into a
+  // standard form. XMemFunc should be a member function of class X, but I 
can't
+  // enforce that here. It needs to be enforced by the wrapper class.
+  template <class X, class XMemFunc>
+  inline void bindmemfunc(X* pthis, XMemFunc function_to_bind) {
+    m_pthis = SimplifyMemFunc<sizeof(function_to_bind)>::Convert(
+        pthis, function_to_bind, m_pFunction);
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+    m_pStaticFunction = 0;
+#endif
+  }
+  // For const member functions, we only need a const class pointer.
+  // Since we know that the member function is const, it's safe to
+  // remove the const qualifier from the 'this' pointer with a const_cast.
+  // VC6 has problems if we just overload 'bindmemfunc', so we give it a
+  // different name.
+  template <class X, class XMemFunc>
+  inline void bindconstmemfunc(const X* pthis, XMemFunc function_to_bind) {
+    m_pthis = SimplifyMemFunc<sizeof(function_to_bind)>::Convert(
+        const_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind, m_pFunction);
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+    m_pStaticFunction = 0;
+#endif
+  }
+#ifdef FASTDELEGATE_GCC_BUG_8271  // At present, GCC doesn't recognize 
constness
+                                  // of MFPs in templates
+  template <class X, class XMemFunc>
+  inline void bindmemfunc(const X* pthis, XMemFunc function_to_bind) {
+    bindconstmemfunc(pthis, function_to_bind);
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+    m_pStaticFunction = 0;
+#endif
+  }
+#endif
+  // These functions are required for invoking the stored function
+  inline GenericClass* GetClosureThis() const { return m_pthis; }
+  inline GenericMemFunc GetClosureMemPtr() const {
+    return reinterpret_cast<GenericMemFunc>(m_pFunction);
+  }
+
+// There are a few ways of dealing with static function pointers.
+// There's a standard-compliant, but tricky method.
+// There's also a straightforward hack, that won't work on DOS compilers using
+// the
+// medium memory model. It's so evil that I can't recommend it, but I've
+// implemented it anyway because it produces very nice asm code.
+
+#if !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+
+  //              ClosurePtr<> - Safe version
+  //
+  // This implementation is standard-compliant, but a bit tricky.
+  // I store the function pointer inside the class, and the delegate then
+  // points to itself. Whenever the delegate is copied, these self-references
+  // must be transformed, and this complicates the = and == operators.
+ public:
+  // The next two functions are for operator ==, =, and the copy constructor.
+  // We may need to convert the m_pthis pointers, so that
+  // they remain as self-references.
+  template <class DerivedClass>
+  inline void CopyFrom(DerivedClass* pParent, const DelegateMemento& x) {
+    SetMementoFrom(x);
+    if (m_pStaticFunction != 0) {
+      // transform self references...
+      m_pthis = reinterpret_cast<GenericClass*>(pParent);
+    }
+  }
+  // For static functions, the 'static_function_invoker' class in the parent
+  // will be called. The parent then needs to call GetStaticFunction() to find
+  // out
+  // the actual function to invoke.
+  template <class DerivedClass, class ParentInvokerSig>
+  inline void bindstaticfunc(DerivedClass* pParent,
+                             ParentInvokerSig static_function_invoker,
+                             StaticFuncPtr function_to_bind) {
+    if (function_to_bind == 0) {  // cope with assignment to 0
+      m_pFunction = 0;
+    } else {
+      bindmemfunc(pParent, static_function_invoker);
+    }
+    m_pStaticFunction = reinterpret_cast<GenericFuncPtr>(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  inline UnvoidStaticFuncPtr GetStaticFunction() const {
+    return reinterpret_cast<UnvoidStaticFuncPtr>(m_pStaticFunction);
+  }
+#else
+
+  //              ClosurePtr<> - Evil version
+  //
+  // For compilers where data pointers are at least as big as code pointers, it
+  // is
+  // possible to store the function pointer in the this pointer, using another
+  // horrible_cast. Invocation isn't any faster, but it saves 4 bytes, and
+  // speeds up comparison and assignment. If C++ provided direct language
+  // support
+  // for delegates, they would produce asm code that was almost identical to
+  // this.
+  // Note that the Sun C++ and MSVC documentation explicitly state that they
+  // support static_cast between void * and function pointers.
+
+  template <class DerivedClass>
+  inline void CopyFrom(DerivedClass* pParent, const DelegateMemento& right) {
+    SetMementoFrom(right);
+  }
+  // For static functions, the 'static_function_invoker' class in the parent
+  // will be called. The parent then needs to call GetStaticFunction() to find
+  // out
+  // the actual function to invoke.
+  // ******** EVIL, EVIL CODE! *******
+  template <class DerivedClass, class ParentInvokerSig>
+  inline void bindstaticfunc(DerivedClass* pParent,
+                             ParentInvokerSig static_function_invoker,
+                             StaticFuncPtr function_to_bind) {
+    if (function_to_bind == 0) {  // cope with assignment to 0
+      m_pFunction = 0;
+    } else {
+      // We'll be ignoring the 'this' pointer, but we need to make sure we pass
+      // a valid value to bindmemfunc().
+      bindmemfunc(pParent, static_function_invoker);
+    }
+
+    // WARNING! Evil hack. We store the function in the 'this' pointer!
+    // Ensure that there's a compilation failure if function pointers
+    // and data pointers have different sizes.
+    // If you get this error, you need to #undef
+    // FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK.
+    // typedef int ERROR_CantUseEvilMethod[sizeof(GenericClass*) ==
+    // sizeof(function_to_bind) ? 1 : -1];
+    m_pthis = horrible_cast<GenericClass*>(function_to_bind);
+    // MSVC, SunC++ and DMC accept the following (non-standard) code:
+    //      m_pthis = static_cast<GenericClass *>(static_cast<void
+    //      *>(function_to_bind));
+    // BCC32, Comeau and DMC accept this method. MSVC7.1 needs __int64 instead
+    // of long
+    //      m_pthis = reinterpret_cast<GenericClass
+    //      *>(reinterpret_cast<long>(function_to_bind));
+  }
+  // ******** EVIL, EVIL CODE! *******
+  // This function will be called with an invalid 'this' pointer!!
+  // We're just returning the 'this' pointer, converted into
+  // a function pointer!
+  inline UnvoidStaticFuncPtr GetStaticFunction() const {
+    // Ensure that there's a compilation failure if function pointers
+    // and data pointers have different sizes.
+    // If you get this error, you need to #undef
+    // FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK.
+    // typedef int ERROR_CantUseEvilMethod[sizeof(UnvoidStaticFuncPtr) ==
+    // sizeof(this) ? 1 : -1];
+    return horrible_cast<UnvoidStaticFuncPtr>(this);
+  }
+#endif  // !defined(FASTDELEGATE_USESTATICFUNCTIONHACK)
+
+  // Does the closure contain this static function?
+  inline bool IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(StaticFuncPtr funcptr) {
+    if (funcptr == 0) return empty();
+    // For the Evil method, if it doesn't actually contain a static function,
+    // this will return an arbitrary
+    // value that is not equal to any valid function pointer.
+    else
+      return funcptr == reinterpret_cast<StaticFuncPtr>(GetStaticFunction());
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                      Fast Delegates, part 3:
+//
+//              Wrapper classes to ensure type safety
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Once we have the member function conversion templates, it's easy to make the
+// wrapper classes. So that they will work with as many compilers as possible,
+// the classes are of the form
+//   FastDelegate3<int, char *, double>
+// They can cope with any combination of parameters. The max number of
+// parameters
+// allowed is 8, but it is trivial to increase this limit.
+// Note that we need to treat const member functions seperately.
+// All this class does is to enforce type safety, and invoke the delegate with
+// the correct list of parameters.
+
+// Because of the weird rule about the class of derived member function
+// pointers,
+// you sometimes need to apply a downcast to the 'this' pointer.
+// This is the reason for the use of "implicit_cast<X*>(pthis)" in the code
+// below.
+// If CDerivedClass is derived from CBaseClass, but doesn't override
+// SimpleVirtualFunction,
+// without this trick you'd need to write:
+//      MyDelegate(static_cast<CBaseClass *>(&d),
+//      &CDerivedClass::SimpleVirtualFunction);
+// but with the trick you can write
+//      MyDelegate(&d, &CDerivedClass::SimpleVirtualFunction);
+
+// RetType is the type the compiler uses in compiling the template. For VC6,
+// it cannot be void. DesiredRetType is the real type which is returned from
+// all of the functions. It can be void.
+
+// Implicit conversion to "bool" is achieved using the safe_bool idiom,
+// using member data pointers (MDP). This allows "if (dg)..." syntax
+// Because some compilers (eg codeplay) don't have a unique value for a zero
+// MDP, an extra padding member is added to the SafeBool struct.
+// Some compilers (eg VC6) won't implicitly convert from 0 to an MDP, so
+// in that case the static function constructor is not made explicit; this
+// allows "if (dg==0) ..." to compile.
+
+// N=0
+template <class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+class FastDelegate0 {
+ private:
+  typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+  typedef DesiredRetType (*StaticFunctionPtr)();
+  typedef RetType (*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)();
+  typedef RetType (detail::GenericClass::*GenericMemFn)();
+  typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr,
+                             UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr>
+      ClosureType;
+  ClosureType m_Closure;
+
+ public:
+  // Typedefs to aid generic programming
+  typedef FastDelegate0 type;
+
+  // Construction and comparison functions
+  FastDelegate0() { clear(); }
+  FastDelegate0(const FastDelegate0& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  void operator=(const FastDelegate0& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator==(const FastDelegate0& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const FastDelegate0& x) const {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator<(const FastDelegate0& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator>(const FastDelegate0& x) const {
+    return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+  }
+  // Binding to non-const member functions
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate0(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)()) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)()) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Binding to const member functions.
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate0(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)() const) 
{
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(const Y* pthis,
+                   DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)() const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+  // This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+  FastDelegate0(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)()) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+  void operator=(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)()) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  inline void bind(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)()) {
+    m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate0::InvokeStaticFunction,
+                             function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Invoke the delegate
+  RetType operator()() const {
+    return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))();
+  }
+  // Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+ private:
+  typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+    int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+    StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+  } UselessTypedef;
+  typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::*unspecified_bool_type;
+
+ public:
+  operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+    return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+  }
+  // necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+  inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!() const {  // Is it bound to anything?
+    return !m_Closure;
+  }
+  inline bool empty() const { return !m_Closure; }
+  void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+  // Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+  const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+  void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); 
}
+
+ private:  // Invoker for static functions
+  RetType InvokeStaticFunction() const {
+    return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))();
+  }
+};
+
+// N=1
+template <class Param1, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+class FastDelegate1 {
+ private:
+  typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+  typedef DesiredRetType (*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1);
+  typedef RetType (*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1);
+  typedef RetType (detail::GenericClass::*GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1);
+  typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr,
+                             UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr>
+      ClosureType;
+  ClosureType m_Closure;
+
+ public:
+  // Typedefs to aid generic programming
+  typedef FastDelegate1 type;
+
+  // Construction and comparison functions
+  FastDelegate1() { clear(); }
+  FastDelegate1(const FastDelegate1& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  void operator=(const FastDelegate1& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator==(const FastDelegate1& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const FastDelegate1& x) const {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator<(const FastDelegate1& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator>(const FastDelegate1& x) const {
+    return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+  }
+  // Binding to non-const member functions
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate1(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) 
{
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Binding to const member functions.
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate1(const Y* pthis,
+                DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1) const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(const Y* pthis,
+                   DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1) const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+  // This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+  FastDelegate1(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+  void operator=(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  inline void bind(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1)) {
+    m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate1::InvokeStaticFunction,
+                             function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Invoke the delegate
+  RetType operator()(Param1 p1) const {
+    return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1);
+  }
+  // Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+ private:
+  typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+    int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+    StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+  } UselessTypedef;
+  typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::*unspecified_bool_type;
+
+ public:
+  operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+    return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+  }
+  // necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+  inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!() const {  // Is it bound to anything?
+    return !m_Closure;
+  }
+  inline bool empty() const { return !m_Closure; }
+  void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+  // Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+  const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+  void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); 
}
+
+ private:  // Invoker for static functions
+  RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1) const {
+    return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1);
+  }
+};
+
+// N=2
+template <class Param1, class Param2, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+class FastDelegate2 {
+ private:
+  typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+  typedef DesiredRetType (*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2);
+  typedef RetType (*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2);
+  typedef RetType (detail::GenericClass::*GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2);
+  typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr,
+                             UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr>
+      ClosureType;
+  ClosureType m_Closure;
+
+ public:
+  // Typedefs to aid generic programming
+  typedef FastDelegate2 type;
+
+  // Construction and comparison functions
+  FastDelegate2() { clear(); }
+  FastDelegate2(const FastDelegate2& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  void operator=(const FastDelegate2& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator==(const FastDelegate2& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const FastDelegate2& x) const {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator<(const FastDelegate2& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator>(const FastDelegate2& x) const {
+    return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+  }
+  // Binding to non-const member functions
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate2(Y* pthis,
+                DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1,
+                                                                   Param2 p2)) 
{
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Binding to const member functions.
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate2(const Y* pthis,
+                DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)
+                    const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(const Y* pthis,
+                   DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)
+                       const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+  // This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+  FastDelegate2(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+  void operator=(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  inline void bind(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2)) {
+    m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate2::InvokeStaticFunction,
+                             function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Invoke the delegate
+  RetType operator()(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const {
+    return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1,
+                                                                         p2);
+  }
+  // Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+ private:
+  typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+    int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+    StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+  } UselessTypedef;
+  typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::*unspecified_bool_type;
+
+ public:
+  operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+    return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+  }
+  // necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+  inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!() const {  // Is it bound to anything?
+    return !m_Closure;
+  }
+  inline bool empty() const { return !m_Closure; }
+  void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+  // Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+  const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+  void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); 
}
+
+ private:  // Invoker for static functions
+  RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2) const {
+    return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2);
+  }
+};
+
+// N=3
+template <class Param1, class Param2, class Param3,
+          class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+class FastDelegate3 {
+ private:
+  typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+  typedef DesiredRetType (*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3);
+  typedef RetType (*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3);
+  typedef RetType (detail::GenericClass::*GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                        Param3 p3);
+  typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr,
+                             UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr>
+      ClosureType;
+  ClosureType m_Closure;
+
+ public:
+  // Typedefs to aid generic programming
+  typedef FastDelegate3 type;
+
+  // Construction and comparison functions
+  FastDelegate3() { clear(); }
+  FastDelegate3(const FastDelegate3& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  void operator=(const FastDelegate3& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator==(const FastDelegate3& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const FastDelegate3& x) const {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator<(const FastDelegate3& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator>(const FastDelegate3& x) const {
+    return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+  }
+  // Binding to non-const member functions
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate3(Y* pthis,
+                DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(Y* pthis,
+                   DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                         Param3 p3)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Binding to const member functions.
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate3(const Y* pthis,
+                DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3) const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(const Y* pthis,
+                   DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                         Param3 p3) const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+  // This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+  FastDelegate3(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                   Param3 p3)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+  void operator=(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                    Param3 p3)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  inline void bind(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3)) {
+    m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate3::InvokeStaticFunction,
+                             function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Invoke the delegate
+  RetType operator()(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const {
+    return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(p1, 
p2,
+                                                                         p3);
+  }
+  // Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+ private:
+  typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+    int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+    StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+  } UselessTypedef;
+  typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::*unspecified_bool_type;
+
+ public:
+  operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+    return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+  }
+  // necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+  inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!() const {  // Is it bound to anything?
+    return !m_Closure;
+  }
+  inline bool empty() const { return !m_Closure; }
+  void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+  // Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+  const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+  void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); 
}
+
+ private:  // Invoker for static functions
+  RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3) const {
+    return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3);
+  }
+};
+
+// N=4
+template <class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4,
+          class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+class FastDelegate4 {
+ private:
+  typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+  typedef DesiredRetType (*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3,
+                                              Param4 p4);
+  typedef RetType (*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3,
+                                             Param4 p4);
+  typedef RetType (detail::GenericClass::*GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                        Param3 p3, Param4 p4);
+  typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr,
+                             UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr>
+      ClosureType;
+  ClosureType m_Closure;
+
+ public:
+  // Typedefs to aid generic programming
+  typedef FastDelegate4 type;
+
+  // Construction and comparison functions
+  FastDelegate4() { clear(); }
+  FastDelegate4(const FastDelegate4& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  void operator=(const FastDelegate4& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator==(const FastDelegate4& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const FastDelegate4& x) const {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator<(const FastDelegate4& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator>(const FastDelegate4& x) const {
+    return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+  }
+  // Binding to non-const member functions
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate4(Y* pthis,
+                DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(
+                                 Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Binding to const member functions.
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate4(const Y* pthis,
+                DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3, Param4 p4)
+                    const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(const Y* pthis,
+                   DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                         Param3 p3, Param4 p4)
+                       const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+  // This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+  FastDelegate4(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                   Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+  void operator=(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                    Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  inline void bind(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3, Param4 p4)) {
+    m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate4::InvokeStaticFunction,
+                             function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Invoke the delegate
+  RetType operator()(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4) const {
+    return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(
+        p1, p2, p3, p4);
+  }
+  // Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+ private:
+  typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+    int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+    StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+  } UselessTypedef;
+  typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::*unspecified_bool_type;
+
+ public:
+  operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+    return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+  }
+  // necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+  inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!() const {  // Is it bound to anything?
+    return !m_Closure;
+  }
+  inline bool empty() const { return !m_Closure; }
+  void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+  // Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+  const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+  void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); 
}
+
+ private:  // Invoker for static functions
+  RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3,
+                               Param4 p4) const {
+    return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4);
+  }
+};
+
+// N=5
+template <class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5,
+          class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+class FastDelegate5 {
+ private:
+  typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+  typedef DesiredRetType (*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3,
+                                              Param4 p4, Param5 p5);
+  typedef RetType (*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3,
+                                             Param4 p4, Param5 p5);
+  typedef RetType (detail::GenericClass::*GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                        Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                        Param5 p5);
+  typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr,
+                             UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr>
+      ClosureType;
+  ClosureType m_Closure;
+
+ public:
+  // Typedefs to aid generic programming
+  typedef FastDelegate5 type;
+
+  // Construction and comparison functions
+  FastDelegate5() { clear(); }
+  FastDelegate5(const FastDelegate5& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  void operator=(const FastDelegate5& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator==(const FastDelegate5& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const FastDelegate5& x) const {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator<(const FastDelegate5& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator>(const FastDelegate5& x) const {
+    return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+  }
+  // Binding to non-const member functions
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate5(Y* pthis,
+                DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                      Param5 p5)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(Y* pthis,
+                   DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                         Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                         Param5 p5)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Binding to const member functions.
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate5(const Y* pthis,
+                DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                      Param5 p5) const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(const Y* pthis,
+                   DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                         Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                         Param5 p5) const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+  // This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+  FastDelegate5(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                   Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                   Param5 p5)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+  void operator=(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                    Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                    Param5 p5)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  inline void bind(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                      Param5 p5)) {
+    m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate5::InvokeStaticFunction,
+                             function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Invoke the delegate
+  RetType operator()(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                     Param5 p5) const {
+    return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(
+        p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
+  }
+  // Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+ private:
+  typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+    int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+    StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+  } UselessTypedef;
+  typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::*unspecified_bool_type;
+
+ public:
+  operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+    return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+  }
+  // necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+  inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!() const {  // Is it bound to anything?
+    return !m_Closure;
+  }
+  inline bool empty() const { return !m_Closure; }
+  void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+  // Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+  const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+  void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); 
}
+
+ private:  // Invoker for static functions
+  RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                               Param5 p5) const {
+    return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5);
+  }
+};
+
+// N=6
+template <class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5,
+          class Param6, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+class FastDelegate6 {
+ private:
+  typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+  typedef DesiredRetType (*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3,
+                                              Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6);
+  typedef RetType (*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3,
+                                             Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6);
+  typedef RetType (detail::GenericClass::*GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                        Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                        Param5 p5, Param6 p6);
+  typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr,
+                             UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr>
+      ClosureType;
+  ClosureType m_Closure;
+
+ public:
+  // Typedefs to aid generic programming
+  typedef FastDelegate6 type;
+
+  // Construction and comparison functions
+  FastDelegate6() { clear(); }
+  FastDelegate6(const FastDelegate6& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  void operator=(const FastDelegate6& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator==(const FastDelegate6& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const FastDelegate6& x) const {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator<(const FastDelegate6& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator>(const FastDelegate6& x) const {
+    return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+  }
+  // Binding to non-const member functions
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate6(Y* pthis,
+                DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                      Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(
+                                 Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                 Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Binding to const member functions.
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate6(const Y* pthis,
+                DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                      Param5 p5, Param6 p6)
+                    const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(const Y* pthis,
+                   DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                         Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                         Param5 p5, Param6 p6)
+                       const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+  // This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+  FastDelegate6(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                   Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                   Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+  void operator=(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                    Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                    Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  inline void bind(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                      Param5 p5, Param6 p6)) {
+    m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate6::InvokeStaticFunction,
+                             function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Invoke the delegate
+  RetType operator()(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5,
+                     Param6 p6) const {
+    return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(
+        p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6);
+  }
+  // Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+ private:
+  typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+    int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+    StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+  } UselessTypedef;
+  typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::*unspecified_bool_type;
+
+ public:
+  operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+    return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+  }
+  // necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+  inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!() const {  // Is it bound to anything?
+    return !m_Closure;
+  }
+  inline bool empty() const { return !m_Closure; }
+  void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+  // Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+  const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+  void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); 
}
+
+ private:  // Invoker for static functions
+  RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                               Param5 p5, Param6 p6) const {
+    return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6);
+  }
+};
+
+// N=7
+template <class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5,
+          class Param6, class Param7, class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+class FastDelegate7 {
+ private:
+  typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+  typedef DesiredRetType (*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3,
+                                              Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6,
+                                              Param7 p7);
+  typedef RetType (*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3,
+                                             Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6,
+                                             Param7 p7);
+  typedef RetType (detail::GenericClass::*GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                        Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                        Param5 p5, Param6 p6,
+                                                        Param7 p7);
+  typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr,
+                             UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr>
+      ClosureType;
+  ClosureType m_Closure;
+
+ public:
+  // Typedefs to aid generic programming
+  typedef FastDelegate7 type;
+
+  // Construction and comparison functions
+  FastDelegate7() { clear(); }
+  FastDelegate7(const FastDelegate7& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  void operator=(const FastDelegate7& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator==(const FastDelegate7& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const FastDelegate7& x) const {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator<(const FastDelegate7& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator>(const FastDelegate7& x) const {
+    return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+  }
+  // Binding to non-const member functions
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate7(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(
+                              Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                              Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(
+                                 Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                 Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Binding to const member functions.
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate7(const Y* pthis, DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(
+                                    Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                    Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(const Y* pthis,
+                   DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                         Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                         Param5 p5, Param6 p6,
+                                                         Param7 p7) const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Static functions. We convert them into a member function call.
+  // This constructor also provides implicit conversion
+  FastDelegate7(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                   Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                   Param5 p5, Param6 p6,
+                                                   Param7 p7)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // for efficiency, prevent creation of a temporary
+  void operator=(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                    Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                    Param5 p5, Param6 p6,
+                                                    Param7 p7)) {
+    bind(function_to_bind);
+  }
+  inline void bind(DesiredRetType (*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                      Param5 p5, Param6 p6,
+                                                      Param7 p7)) {
+    m_Closure.bindstaticfunc(this, &FastDelegate7::InvokeStaticFunction,
+                             function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Invoke the delegate
+  RetType operator()(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4, Param5 p5,
+                     Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const {
+    return (m_Closure.GetClosureThis()->*(m_Closure.GetClosureMemPtr()))(
+        p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7);
+  }
+  // Implicit conversion to "bool" using the safe_bool idiom
+ private:
+  typedef struct SafeBoolStruct {
+    int a_data_pointer_to_this_is_0_on_buggy_compilers;
+    StaticFunctionPtr m_nonzero;
+  } UselessTypedef;
+  typedef StaticFunctionPtr SafeBoolStruct::*unspecified_bool_type;
+
+ public:
+  operator unspecified_bool_type() const {
+    return empty() ? 0 : &SafeBoolStruct::m_nonzero;
+  }
+  // necessary to allow ==0 to work despite the safe_bool idiom
+  inline bool operator==(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!=(StaticFunctionPtr funcptr) {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqualToStaticFuncPtr(funcptr);
+  }
+  inline bool operator!() const {  // Is it bound to anything?
+    return !m_Closure;
+  }
+  inline bool empty() const { return !m_Closure; }
+  void clear() { m_Closure.clear(); }
+  // Conversion to and from the DelegateMemento storage class
+  const DelegateMemento& GetMemento() { return m_Closure; }
+  void SetMemento(const DelegateMemento& any) { m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, any); 
}
+
+ private:  // Invoker for static functions
+  RetType InvokeStaticFunction(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                               Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7) const {
+    return (*(m_Closure.GetStaticFunction()))(p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7);
+  }
+};
+
+// N=8
+template <class Param1, class Param2, class Param3, class Param4, class Param5,
+          class Param6, class Param7, class Param8,
+          class RetType = detail::DefaultVoid>
+class FastDelegate8 {
+ private:
+  typedef typename detail::DefaultVoidToVoid<RetType>::type DesiredRetType;
+  typedef DesiredRetType (*StaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3,
+                                              Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6,
+                                              Param7 p7, Param8 p8);
+  typedef RetType (*UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3,
+                                             Param4 p4, Param5 p5, Param6 p6,
+                                             Param7 p7, Param8 p8);
+  typedef RetType (detail::GenericClass::*GenericMemFn)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                        Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                        Param5 p5, Param6 p6,
+                                                        Param7 p7, Param8 p8);
+  typedef detail::ClosurePtr<GenericMemFn, StaticFunctionPtr,
+                             UnvoidStaticFunctionPtr>
+      ClosureType;
+  ClosureType m_Closure;
+
+ public:
+  // Typedefs to aid generic programming
+  typedef FastDelegate8 type;
+
+  // Construction and comparison functions
+  FastDelegate8() { clear(); }
+  FastDelegate8(const FastDelegate8& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  void operator=(const FastDelegate8& x) {
+    m_Closure.CopyFrom(this, x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator==(const FastDelegate8& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const FastDelegate8& x) const {
+    return !m_Closure.IsEqual(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator<(const FastDelegate8& x) const {
+    return m_Closure.IsLess(x.m_Closure);
+  }
+  bool operator>(const FastDelegate8& x) const {
+    return x.m_Closure.IsLess(m_Closure);
+  }
+  // Binding to non-const member functions
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate8(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(
+                              Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                              Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(Y* pthis, DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(
+                                 Param1 p1, Param2 p2, Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                 Param5 p5, Param6 p6, Param7 p7, Param8 p8)) {
+    m_Closure.bindmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<X*>(pthis), function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Binding to const member functions.
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  FastDelegate8(const Y* pthis,
+                DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                      Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                      Param5 p5, Param6 p6,
+                                                      Param7 p7, Param8 p8)
+                    const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  template <class X, class Y>
+  inline void bind(const Y* pthis,
+                   DesiredRetType (X::*function_to_bind)(Param1 p1, Param2 p2,
+                                                         Param3 p3, Param4 p4,
+                                                         Param5 p5, Param6 p6,
+                                                         Param7 p7, Param8 p8)
+                       const) {
+    m_Closure.bindconstmemfunc(detail::implicit_cast<const X*>(pthis),
+                               function_to_bind);
+  }
+  // Static functions. We convert them into a member 

<TRUNCATED>

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