CloverDew commented on code in PR #10107:
URL: https://github.com/apache/seatunnel/pull/10107#discussion_r2623068627


##########
seatunnel-translation/seatunnel-translation-flink/seatunnel-translation-flink-common/src/main/java/org/apache/seatunnel/translation/flink/schema/SchemaOperator.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.seatunnel.translation.flink.schema;
+
+import org.apache.seatunnel.shade.com.typesafe.config.Config;
+
+import org.apache.seatunnel.api.source.SupportSchemaEvolution;
+import org.apache.seatunnel.api.table.catalog.CatalogTable;
+import org.apache.seatunnel.api.table.catalog.TableIdentifier;
+import org.apache.seatunnel.api.table.schema.SchemaChangeType;
+import org.apache.seatunnel.api.table.schema.event.SchemaChangeEvent;
+import org.apache.seatunnel.api.table.schema.event.TableEvent;
+import 
org.apache.seatunnel.api.table.schema.exception.SchemaValidationException;
+import org.apache.seatunnel.api.table.type.SeaTunnelRow;
+import 
org.apache.seatunnel.translation.flink.schema.coordinator.LocalSchemaCoordinator;
+
+import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.AbstractStreamOperator;
+import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.OneInputStreamOperator;
+import org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.streamrecord.StreamRecord;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+/** operators added to the source and transformer pipelines to handle schema 
evolution */
+@Slf4j
+public class SchemaOperator extends AbstractStreamOperator<SeaTunnelRow>
+        implements OneInputStreamOperator<SeaTunnelRow, SeaTunnelRow> {
+    private final Map<TableIdentifier, CatalogTable> localSchemaState;
+    private String jobId;
+    private final SupportSchemaEvolution source;
+    private final Config pluginConfig;
+    private volatile Long lastProcessedEventTime;
+    private transient LocalSchemaCoordinator coordinator;
+    private transient Map<String, List<BufferedDataRow>> bufferedDataRows;
+    private volatile boolean schemaChangePending = false;
+    private volatile CompletableFuture<Boolean> pendingSchemaFuture = null;
+
+    public SchemaOperator(String jobId, SupportSchemaEvolution source, Config 
pluginConfig) {
+        this.jobId = jobId;
+        this.source = source;
+        this.pluginConfig = pluginConfig;
+        this.localSchemaState = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void open() throws Exception {
+        super.open();
+        String flinkJobId = getRuntimeContext().getJobId().toString();
+        if (!flinkJobId.equals(this.jobId)) {
+            this.jobId = flinkJobId;
+        }
+        this.bufferedDataRows = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+        this.coordinator = LocalSchemaCoordinator.getInstance(this.jobId);
+        log.info("SchemaOperator opened for job: {}", this.jobId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void processElement(StreamRecord<SeaTunnelRow> streamRecord) {
+        SeaTunnelRow element = streamRecord.getValue();
+
+        if (pluginConfig.hasPath("schema-changes.enabled")) {
+            output.collect(new StreamRecord<>(element, 
streamRecord.getTimestamp()));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ("__SCHEMA_CHANGE_EVENT__".equals(element.getTableId())
+                && element.getOptions() != null) {
+            Object object = element.getOptions().get("schema_change_event");
+            if (object instanceof SchemaChangeEvent) {
+                handleSchemaChangeEvent((SchemaChangeEvent) object);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (schemaChangePending && pendingSchemaFuture != null) {
+            String tableId = element.getTableId();
+            if (tableId != null) {
+                String key = tableId + "#" + System.currentTimeMillis();
+                bufferedDataRows
+                        .computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new ArrayList<>())
+                        .add(new BufferedDataRow(element, 
streamRecord.getTimestamp()));
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        output.collect(new StreamRecord<>(element, 
streamRecord.getTimestamp()));
+    }
+
+    private void handleSchemaChangeEvent(SchemaChangeEvent schemaChangeEvent) {
+        List<SchemaChangeType> supportedTypes = source.supports();
+        if (supportedTypes == null || supportedTypes.isEmpty()) {
+            log.info(
+                    "Source: {} does not support any schema change types, 
skipping schema change event",
+                    source);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!isSchemaChangeSupported(schemaChangeEvent, supportedTypes)) {
+            log.warn(
+                    "Schema change type {} not supported by source {}, 
skipping",
+                    schemaChangeEvent.getEventType(),
+                    source);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        processSchemaChangeEvent(schemaChangeEvent);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isSchemaChangeSupported(
+            SchemaChangeEvent event, List<SchemaChangeType> supportedTypes) {
+        switch (event.getEventType()) {
+            case SCHEMA_CHANGE_ADD_COLUMN:
+                return supportedTypes.contains(SchemaChangeType.ADD_COLUMN);
+            case SCHEMA_CHANGE_DROP_COLUMN:
+                return supportedTypes.contains(SchemaChangeType.DROP_COLUMN);
+            case SCHEMA_CHANGE_MODIFY_COLUMN:
+                return supportedTypes.contains(SchemaChangeType.UPDATE_COLUMN);
+            case SCHEMA_CHANGE_CHANGE_COLUMN:
+                return supportedTypes.contains(SchemaChangeType.RENAME_COLUMN);
+            case SCHEMA_CHANGE_UPDATE_COLUMNS:
+                return supportedTypes.contains(SchemaChangeType.ADD_COLUMN)
+                        || 
supportedTypes.contains(SchemaChangeType.DROP_COLUMN)
+                        || 
supportedTypes.contains(SchemaChangeType.UPDATE_COLUMN)
+                        || 
supportedTypes.contains(SchemaChangeType.RENAME_COLUMN);
+            default:
+                log.error("Unknown schema change event type: {}", 
event.getEventType());
+                throw SchemaValidationException.unsupportedChangeType(
+                        event.tableIdentifier(), jobId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void processSchemaChangeEvent(SchemaChangeEvent schemaChangeEvent) 
{
+        TableIdentifier tableId = schemaChangeEvent.tableIdentifier();
+        long eventTime = schemaChangeEvent.getCreatedTime();
+
+        try {
+            if (lastProcessedEventTime != null && eventTime <= 
lastProcessedEventTime) {

Review Comment:
   For example, consider executing the following SQL statements:
   
   Original table structure: orders(id, user_id, amount)
   -- T1=1000: Add discount field
   ALTER TABLE orders ADD COLUMN discount DECIMAL(10,2);
   -- T2=2000: Add status field
   ALTER TABLE orders ADD COLUMN status VARCHAR(20);
   -- T3=3000: Drop discount field
   ALTER TABLE orders DROP COLUMN discount;
   
   The expected final correct schema should be: orders(id, user_id, amount, 
status)
   
   1. The correct epoch processing order should be: 1000 → 3000 → Completion
   2. However, if T2 (2000) is processed late, the following will happen:
   3. After processing T3 (3000), the Sink considers the current schema to be: 
orders(id, user_id, amount). If this late data is not rejected, and T2 (2000) 
is suddenly processed, the schema becomes: orders(id, user_id, amount, status). 
 At this point, if data is written:
   SeaTunnelRow row = new SeaTunnelRow(new Object[]{
   1001L,           // id
   501L,            // user_id
   new BigDecimal("99.99"), // amount
   "PAID"           // status - but the Sink might interpret this as the 
discount field
   });
   
   This would result in a mapping mismatch, so I made a judgment here.



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