SINGA-100 Implement layers using CUDNN for GPU training

fix compilation errors.
pass all gtest files.

tmp commit;

1. CudnnSoftmaxloss class
ComputeFeature(): computer loss
ComputeGradient(): compute gradient
2. Add cuda math kernel functions
1) singa_gpu_softmax_loss(): computer loss kernel function
2) singa_gpu_softmax_gradient(): compute gradient kernel function

tmp commit; debug accuracy


Project: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/repo
Commit: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/commit/f31ba645
Tree: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/tree/f31ba645
Diff: http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/diff/f31ba645

Branch: refs/heads/master
Commit: f31ba64589fde0d2b095804366c613988f89fc27
Parents: 8cacd83
Author: seaokcs <[email protected]>
Authored: Tue Dec 1 17:54:38 2015 +0800
Committer: Wei Wang <[email protected]>
Committed: Fri Dec 11 11:48:23 2015 +0800

----------------------------------------------------------------------
 examples/cifar10/job.conf                       |   7 +-
 include/singa/neuralnet/loss_layer.h            |   3 +-
 include/singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h          |  15 +-
 include/singa/utils/math_blob.h                 |  37 ++--
 include/singa/utils/math_kernel.h               |   6 +
 src/driver.cc                                   |   2 +-
 src/neuralnet/layer.cc                          |   4 +-
 src/neuralnet/loss_layer/cudnn_softmaxloss.cu   |  32 ++-
 src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_activation.cc  | 100 +++++++++
 src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_activation.cu  | 100 ---------
 src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_convolution.cc | 207 +++++++++++++++++++
 src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_convolution.cu | 205 ------------------
 src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_lrn.cc         |  87 ++++++++
 src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_lrn.cu         |  87 --------
 src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_pooling.cc     |  96 +++++++++
 src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_pooling.cu     |  96 ---------
 src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_softmax.cc     |  75 +++++++
 src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_softmax.cu     |  75 -------
 src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/inner_product.cc     |   6 +-
 src/stub.cc                                     |   6 +-
 src/test/test_csv_input_layer.cc                |   2 +-
 src/test/test_math.cc                           |  27 ++-
 src/test/test_record_input_layer.cc             |   2 +-
 src/utils/math_kernel.cu                        |  36 ++++
 src/worker.cc                                   |   4 +-
 25 files changed, 702 insertions(+), 615 deletions(-)
----------------------------------------------------------------------


http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/examples/cifar10/job.conf
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/examples/cifar10/job.conf b/examples/cifar10/job.conf
index a7540a2..7e42ed8 100644
--- a/examples/cifar10/job.conf
+++ b/examples/cifar10/job.conf
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 name: "cifar10-convnet"
-train_steps: 1000
+train_steps: 30
 test_steps: 100
-test_freq: 300
+test_freq: 0
 #validate_steps: 100
 #validate_freq: 300
-disp_freq: 30
+disp_freq: 10
+debug: true
 #checkpoint_path: "examples/cifar10/checkpoint/step1000-worker0"
 train_one_batch {
   alg: kBP

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/include/singa/neuralnet/loss_layer.h
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/include/singa/neuralnet/loss_layer.h 
b/include/singa/neuralnet/loss_layer.h
index 50e6c24..f78d7e0 100644
--- a/include/singa/neuralnet/loss_layer.h
+++ b/include/singa/neuralnet/loss_layer.h
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@ class CudnnSoftmaxLossLayer : public LossLayer, public 
CudnnSoftmaxLayer {
   const std::string ToString(bool debug, int flag) override;
 
  private:
-  int topk_;
+  float scale_;
+  int topk_, dim_;
   int counter_;
   float loss_, accuracy_;
 

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/include/singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/include/singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h 
b/include/singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h
index 830f731..9ae2738 100644
--- a/include/singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h
+++ b/include/singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h
@@ -259,19 +259,24 @@ class STanhLayer : public NeuronLayer {
 class CudnnLayer : virtual public NeuronLayer {
  public:
   ~CudnnLayer() {
-    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroyTensorDescriptor(src_desc_));
-    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroyTensorDescriptor(my_desc_));
-    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroy(handle_));
+    if (handle_ != nullptr)
+      CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroy(handle_));
+    if (src_desc_ != nullptr)
+      CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroyTensorDescriptor(src_desc_));
+    if (my_desc_ != nullptr)
+      CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroyTensorDescriptor(my_desc_));
   }
   void virtual InitCudnn() {
     CHECK(!has_init_cudnn_);
     CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreate(&handle_));
+    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateTensorDescriptor(&src_desc_));
+    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateTensorDescriptor(&my_desc_));
     has_init_cudnn_ = true;
   }
  protected:
   bool has_init_cudnn_ = false;
-  cudnnHandle_t handle_;
-  cudnnTensorDescriptor_t src_desc_, my_desc_;
+  cudnnHandle_t handle_ = nullptr;
+  cudnnTensorDescriptor_t src_desc_ = nullptr, my_desc_ = nullptr;
 };
 
 /**

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/include/singa/utils/math_blob.h
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/include/singa/utils/math_blob.h b/include/singa/utils/math_blob.h
index 586554e..629839a 100644
--- a/include/singa/utils/math_blob.h
+++ b/include/singa/utils/math_blob.h
@@ -76,9 +76,10 @@ void AXPY(Dtype alpha, const Blob<Dtype> & A, Blob<Dtype> * 
B) {
 /************* BLAS level 2 *****************/
 /**
  * Matrix vector multiplication, C = alpha A(.T) * B + beta C.
- * Strict shape checking:
- * - dim of A ==2
- *   columsn of A(.T) == B.count()
+ * Loose shape checking:
+ * - dim of A >=2
+ * - row of A is shape(0) (no transpose)
+ * - column of A(.T) == B.count()
  * - rows of A(.T) == C.count()
  *
  * @param[in] alpha
@@ -90,10 +91,10 @@ void AXPY(Dtype alpha, const Blob<Dtype> & A, Blob<Dtype> * 
B) {
 template<typename Dtype>
 void GEMV(Dtype alpha, Dtype beta, const Blob<Dtype>& A,
     const Blob<Dtype>& B, Blob<Dtype>* C) {
-  CHECK_EQ(A.shape().size(), 2) << "A must be a matrix";
+  CHECK_EQ(A.shape().size(), 2);
   int a1, a2, m, n;
-  a1 = A.transpose() ? A.shape(1) : A.shape(0);
-  a2 = A.transpose() ? A.shape(0) : A.shape(1);
+  a1 = A.transpose() ? A.count() / A.shape(0) : A.shape(0);
+  a2 = A.transpose() ? A.shape(0) : A.count() / A.shape(0);
   m = B.count();
   n = C->count();
   CHECK_EQ(a2, m) << "# columns of A(.T) must = length of B";
@@ -134,8 +135,8 @@ void MVDot(const Blob<Dtype>& A, const Blob<Dtype>& B,
  * Matrix multiplication, C = alpha A*B + beta C, A, B and C are matrix.
  *
  * Tranpose is considered for A and B.
- * Strict shape checking:
- * - all are matrix
+ * Loose shape checking:
+ * - the first dimension is row (no transpose) or col (with transpose) size
  * - shapes match for matrix multiplication
  *
  * @param[in] alpha
@@ -147,17 +148,17 @@ void MVDot(const Blob<Dtype>& A, const Blob<Dtype>& B,
 template <typename Dtype>
 void GEMM( Dtype alpha, Dtype beta, const Blob<Dtype>& A,
     const Blob<Dtype> & B, Blob<Dtype> * C) {
-  CHECK_EQ(A.shape().size(), 2);
-  CHECK_EQ(B.shape().size(), 2);
-  CHECK_EQ(C->shape().size(), 2);
+  CHECK_GE(A.shape().size(), 2);
+  CHECK_GE(B.shape().size(), 2);
+  CHECK_GE(C->shape().size(), 2);
   int a1, a2, b1, b2, m, n;
   CHECK(!C->transpose());
-  a1 = A.transpose() ? A.shape(1) : A.shape(0);
-  a2 = A.transpose() ? A.shape(0) : A.shape(1);
-  b1 = B.transpose() ? B.shape(1) : B.shape(0);
-  b2 = B.transpose() ? B.shape(0) : B.shape(1);
+  a1 = A.transpose() ? A.count() / A.shape(0) : A.shape(0);
+  a2 = A.transpose() ? A.shape(0) : A.count() / A.shape(0);
+  b1 = B.transpose() ? B.count() /B.shape(0) : B.shape(0);
+  b2 = B.transpose() ? B.shape(0) : B.count() / B.shape(0);
   m = C->shape(0);
-  n = C->shape(1);
+  n = C->count() / C->shape(0);
   CHECK_EQ(a2, b1);
   CHECK_EQ(a1, m);
   CHECK_EQ(b2, n);
@@ -560,7 +561,7 @@ void MVSumCol(Dtype alpha, Dtype beta, const Blob<Dtype> & 
A, Blob<Dtype> * B) {
         A.transpose(), false, B->mutable_cpu_data());
   } else {
 #ifdef USE_GPU
-    singa_gpu_sum_col(A.gpu_data(), B->gpu_data(), m, n, n);
+    singa_gpu_sum_by_col(A.gpu_data(), B->gpu_data(), m, n, n);
     // gpu part (TODO check transpose case)
 #endif  // USE_GPU
   }
@@ -585,7 +586,7 @@ void MVSumRow(Dtype alpha, Dtype beta, const Blob<Dtype> & 
A, Blob<Dtype> * B) {
       false, B->mutable_cpu_data());
   } else {
 #ifdef USE_GPU
-    singa_gpu_sum_vec(A.gpu_data(), B->gpu_data(), m, n, n);
+    singa_gpu_sum_by_row(A.gpu_data(), B->gpu_data(), m, n, n);
     // gpu part (TODO check transpose case)
 #endif  // USE_GPU
   }

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/include/singa/utils/math_kernel.h
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/include/singa/utils/math_kernel.h 
b/include/singa/utils/math_kernel.h
index 37a9356..8cfa562 100644
--- a/include/singa/utils/math_kernel.h
+++ b/include/singa/utils/math_kernel.h
@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@
 namespace singa {
 
 extern "C" {
+  void singa_gpu_softmax_loss(const float *prob, const int *label,
+       float *loss, int n, int dim);
+
+  void singa_gpu_softmax_gradient(float *grad, const int *label ,
+    int n, int dim, float scale);
+
   void singa_gpu_sum_vec(float *data, float *sum , int n);
 
   void singa_gpu_sum_by_col(const float *src_mat_data, float *dst_vec_data,

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/driver.cc
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/driver.cc b/src/driver.cc
index 1ae6d9f..b963912 100644
--- a/src/driver.cc
+++ b/src/driver.cc
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ void Driver::Train(const JobProto& job_conf) {
     threads.push_back(std::thread(&Server::Run, server));
   int gpu = 0;
   auto context = Singleton<Context>::Instance();
-  CHECK_LE(workers.size(), job_conf.gpu_size());
+  // CHECK_LE(workers.size(), job_conf.gpu_size());
   for (auto worker : workers) {
     threads.push_back(std::thread(&Worker::Run, worker));
     if (gpu < job_conf.gpu_size()) {

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/neuralnet/layer.cc
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/neuralnet/layer.cc b/src/neuralnet/layer.cc
index 9414948..df77239 100644
--- a/src/neuralnet/layer.cc
+++ b/src/neuralnet/layer.cc
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ const std::string Layer::ToString(bool debug, int flag) {
   string ret = StringPrintf("Layer %10s ", name().c_str());
   if ((flag & kForward) == kForward && data_.count() !=0) {
     ret += StringPrintf("data norm1 %13.9f", Asum(data_));
-  } else if ((flag & kBackward) == kBackward) {
-    if (grad_.count() != 0)
+  }
+  if ((flag & kBackward) == kBackward && grad_.count() != 0) {
       ret += StringPrintf("grad norm1 %13.9f\n", Asum(grad_));
   }
   if ((flag & kTrain) == kTrain) {

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/neuralnet/loss_layer/cudnn_softmaxloss.cu
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/neuralnet/loss_layer/cudnn_softmaxloss.cu 
b/src/neuralnet/loss_layer/cudnn_softmaxloss.cu
index e0af05f..53420d3 100644
--- a/src/neuralnet/loss_layer/cudnn_softmaxloss.cu
+++ b/src/neuralnet/loss_layer/cudnn_softmaxloss.cu
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 *************************************************************/
 
 #include "singa/neuralnet/loss_layer.h"
+#include "singa/utils/blob.h"
+#include "singa/utils/math_kernel.h"
 
 namespace singa {
 void CudnnSoftmaxLossLayer::Setup(const LayerProto& conf,
@@ -33,13 +35,41 @@ void CudnnSoftmaxLossLayer::ComputeFeature(int flag,
     const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
   CudnnSoftmaxLayer::ComputeFeature(flag, srclayers);
   // compute loss
+  float *prob = data_.mutable_gpu_data();
+  Blob<int> label(batchsize_);
+  int *labelptr = label.mutable_cpu_data();
+
+  //aux_data: vector<int>, convert vector to int array.
+  for(int i = 0; i < batchsize_; ++i) {
+       labelptr[i] = srclayers[1]->aux_data(this)[i];
+  }
+
+  Blob<float> loss(batchsize_);
+
+  singa_gpu_softmax_loss(prob , label.mutable_gpu_data() , 
loss.mutable_gpu_data(),
+         batchsize_, dim_);
+
   counter_++;
-  // add loss and accuracy
+  // TODO add loss and accuracy
 }
 
 void CudnnSoftmaxLossLayer::ComputeGradient(int flag,
     const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
  // compute gradient
+  Blob<float>* gsrcblob = srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this);
+  gsrcblob->CopyFrom(data_);
+  float* gsrcptr = gsrcblob->mutable_gpu_data();
+
+  Blob<int> label(batchsize_);
+  int *labelptr = label.mutable_cpu_data();
+
+  //aux_data: vector<int>, convert vector to int array.
+  for(int i = 0; i < batchsize_; ++i) { 
+       labelptr[i] = srclayers[1]->aux_data(this)[i];
+  }
+
+  singa_gpu_softmax_gradient(gsrcptr, label.mutable_gpu_data(), batchsize_, 
dim_, scale_);
+
 }
 
 const std::string CudnnSoftmaxLossLayer::ToString(bool debug, int flag) {

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_activation.cc
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_activation.cc 
b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_activation.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8a7b41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_activation.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/************************************************************
+*
+* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+* or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+* distributed with this work for additional information
+* regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+* with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+* KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+* specific language governing permissions and limitations
+* under the License.
+*
+*************************************************************/
+
+#include "singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h"
+
+namespace singa {
+
+void CudnnActivationLayer::InitCudnn() {
+  CudnnLayer::InitCudnn();
+
+  // TODO(wangwei) make the mode case insensitive
+  if (layer_conf_.activation_conf().type() == SIGMOID)
+    mode_ = CUDNN_ACTIVATION_SIGMOID;
+  else if (layer_conf_.activation_conf().type() == TANH)
+    mode_ = CUDNN_ACTIVATION_TANH;
+  else if (layer_conf_.activation_conf().type() == RELU)
+    mode_ = CUDNN_ACTIVATION_RELU;
+  else {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "Unkown activation: " << 
layer_conf_.activation_conf().type();
+  }
+
+  const auto& shape = data_.shape();
+  CHECK_GT(shape.size(), 0);
+  // size of each dimension
+  int* sdim= new int[shape.size()];
+  int* stride = new int[shape.size()];
+  stride[shape.size() -1] = 1;
+  int i = shape.size() - 1;
+  sdim[i] = shape[i];
+  stride[i] = 1;
+  for (--i; i >= 0; i--) {
+    sdim[i] = shape[i];
+    stride[i] = shape[i + 1] * stride[i + 1];
+  }
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensorNdDescriptor(src_desc_,
+        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
+        shape.size(),
+        sdim,
+        stride));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensorNdDescriptor(my_desc_,
+        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
+        shape.size(),
+        sdim,
+        stride));
+  delete[] sdim;
+  delete[] stride;
+}
+
+void CudnnActivationLayer::ComputeFeature(int flag,
+    const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
+  if (!has_init_cudnn_)
+    InitCudnn();
+  float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;
+  // currently only consider single src layer
+  CHECK_EQ(srclayers.size(), 1);
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnActivationForward(handle_,
+        mode_,
+        &alpha,
+        src_desc_,
+        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
+        &beta,
+        my_desc_,
+        data_.mutable_gpu_data()));
+}
+
+void CudnnActivationLayer::ComputeGradient(int flag,
+    const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
+  float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnActivationBackward(handle_,
+        mode_,
+        &alpha,
+        my_desc_,
+        data_.gpu_data(),
+        my_desc_,
+        grad_.gpu_data(),
+        src_desc_,
+        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
+        &beta,
+        src_desc_,
+        srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this)->mutable_gpu_data()));
+}
+}  // namespace singa

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_activation.cu
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_activation.cu 
b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_activation.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index e8a7b41..0000000
--- a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_activation.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-/************************************************************
-*
-* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-* or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-* distributed with this work for additional information
-* regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-* with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-*
-*   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-*
-* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-* KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-* specific language governing permissions and limitations
-* under the License.
-*
-*************************************************************/
-
-#include "singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h"
-
-namespace singa {
-
-void CudnnActivationLayer::InitCudnn() {
-  CudnnLayer::InitCudnn();
-
-  // TODO(wangwei) make the mode case insensitive
-  if (layer_conf_.activation_conf().type() == SIGMOID)
-    mode_ = CUDNN_ACTIVATION_SIGMOID;
-  else if (layer_conf_.activation_conf().type() == TANH)
-    mode_ = CUDNN_ACTIVATION_TANH;
-  else if (layer_conf_.activation_conf().type() == RELU)
-    mode_ = CUDNN_ACTIVATION_RELU;
-  else {
-    LOG(FATAL) << "Unkown activation: " << 
layer_conf_.activation_conf().type();
-  }
-
-  const auto& shape = data_.shape();
-  CHECK_GT(shape.size(), 0);
-  // size of each dimension
-  int* sdim= new int[shape.size()];
-  int* stride = new int[shape.size()];
-  stride[shape.size() -1] = 1;
-  int i = shape.size() - 1;
-  sdim[i] = shape[i];
-  stride[i] = 1;
-  for (--i; i >= 0; i--) {
-    sdim[i] = shape[i];
-    stride[i] = shape[i + 1] * stride[i + 1];
-  }
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensorNdDescriptor(src_desc_,
-        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
-        shape.size(),
-        sdim,
-        stride));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensorNdDescriptor(my_desc_,
-        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
-        shape.size(),
-        sdim,
-        stride));
-  delete[] sdim;
-  delete[] stride;
-}
-
-void CudnnActivationLayer::ComputeFeature(int flag,
-    const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
-  if (!has_init_cudnn_)
-    InitCudnn();
-  float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;
-  // currently only consider single src layer
-  CHECK_EQ(srclayers.size(), 1);
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnActivationForward(handle_,
-        mode_,
-        &alpha,
-        src_desc_,
-        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
-        &beta,
-        my_desc_,
-        data_.mutable_gpu_data()));
-}
-
-void CudnnActivationLayer::ComputeGradient(int flag,
-    const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
-  float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnActivationBackward(handle_,
-        mode_,
-        &alpha,
-        my_desc_,
-        data_.gpu_data(),
-        my_desc_,
-        grad_.gpu_data(),
-        src_desc_,
-        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
-        &beta,
-        src_desc_,
-        srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this)->mutable_gpu_data()));
-}
-}  // namespace singa

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_convolution.cc
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_convolution.cc 
b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_convolution.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e08b57a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_convolution.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/************************************************************
+*
+* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+* or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+* distributed with this work for additional information
+* regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+* with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+* KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+* specific language governing permissions and limitations
+* under the License.
+*
+*************************************************************/
+
+#include "singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h"
+
+namespace singa {
+
+CudnnConvLayer::~CudnnConvLayer() {
+  if (has_init_cudnn_) {
+    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroyTensorDescriptor(bias_desc_));
+    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroyFilterDescriptor(filter_desc_));
+    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroyConvolutionDescriptor(conv_desc_));
+  }
+}
+
+void CudnnConvLayer::InitCudnn() {
+  CudnnLayer::InitCudnn();
+  // convert MB to bytes
+  workspace_byte_limit_ = 
layer_conf_.convolution_conf().workspace_byte_limit() << 20;
+
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateTensorDescriptor(&bias_desc_));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateFilterDescriptor(&filter_desc_));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateConvolutionDescriptor(&conv_desc_));
+
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetConvolution2dDescriptor(conv_desc_,
+        pad_y_,
+        pad_x_,
+        stride_y_,
+        stride_x_,
+        1,
+        1,
+        CUDNN_CROSS_CORRELATION));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetFilter4dDescriptor(filter_desc_,
+        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
+        num_filters_,
+        channels_,
+        kernel_y_,
+        kernel_x_));
+  if (bias_) {
+    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(bias_desc_,
+          CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
+          CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
+          1,
+          num_filters_,
+          1,
+          1));
+  }
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(src_desc_,
+        CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
+        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
+        batchsize_,
+        channels_,
+        height_,
+        width_));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(my_desc_,
+        CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
+        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
+        batchsize_,
+        num_filters_,
+        conv_height_,
+        conv_width_));
+
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnGetConvolutionForwardAlgorithm(handle_,
+        src_desc_,
+        filter_desc_,
+        conv_desc_,
+        my_desc_,
+        CUDNN_CONVOLUTION_FWD_PREFER_FASTEST,
+        workspace_byte_limit_,
+        &fp_alg_));
+
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnGetConvolutionBackwardFilterAlgorithm(handle_,
+        src_desc_,
+        my_desc_,
+        conv_desc_,
+        filter_desc_,
+        CUDNN_CONVOLUTION_BWD_FILTER_PREFER_FASTEST,
+        workspace_byte_limit_,
+        &bp_filter_alg_));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnGetConvolutionBackwardDataAlgorithm(handle_,
+        filter_desc_,
+        my_desc_,
+        conv_desc_,
+        src_desc_,
+        CUDNN_CONVOLUTION_BWD_DATA_PREFER_FASTEST,
+        workspace_byte_limit_,
+        &bp_data_alg_));
+
+  size_t fp_byte, bp_data_byte, bp_filter_byte;
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnGetConvolutionForwardWorkspaceSize(handle_,
+        src_desc_,
+        filter_desc_,
+        conv_desc_,
+        my_desc_,
+        fp_alg_,
+        &fp_byte));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnGetConvolutionBackwardDataWorkspaceSize(handle_,
+        filter_desc_,
+        my_desc_,
+        conv_desc_,
+        src_desc_,
+        bp_data_alg_,
+        &bp_data_byte));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnGetConvolutionBackwardFilterWorkspaceSize(handle_,
+        src_desc_,
+        my_desc_,
+        conv_desc_,
+        filter_desc_,
+        bp_filter_alg_,
+        &bp_filter_byte));
+  workspace_count_ = std::max(std::max(fp_byte, bp_data_byte), bp_filter_byte)
+    / sizeof(float) + 1;
+}
+
+void CudnnConvLayer::ComputeFeature(int flag, const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) 
{
+  if (!has_init_cudnn_)
+    InitCudnn();
+  float alpha = 1.f, beta = 0.f;
+  Blob<float> workspace(vector<int>{static_cast<int>(workspace_count_)});
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnConvolutionForward(handle_,
+        &alpha,
+        src_desc_,
+        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
+        filter_desc_,
+        weight_->data().gpu_data(),
+        conv_desc_,
+        fp_alg_,
+        workspace.mutable_gpu_data(),
+        workspace_count_ * sizeof(float),
+        &beta,
+        my_desc_,
+        data_.mutable_gpu_data()));
+
+  if (bias_) {
+    beta = 1.f;
+    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnAddTensor(handle_,
+          CUDNN_ADD_SAME_C,
+          &alpha,
+          bias_desc_,
+          bias_->data().gpu_data(),
+          &beta,
+          my_desc_,
+          data_.mutable_gpu_data()));
+  }
+}
+
+void CudnnConvLayer::ComputeGradient(int flag, const vector<Layer*>& srclayers)
+{
+  float alpha = 1.f, beta = 0.f;
+  Blob<float> workspace(vector<int>{static_cast<int>(workspace_count_)});
+  if (bias_) {
+    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnConvolutionBackwardBias(handle_,
+          &alpha,
+          my_desc_,
+          grad_.gpu_data(),
+          &beta,
+          bias_desc_,
+          bias_->mutable_grad()->mutable_gpu_data()));
+  }
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnConvolutionBackwardFilter_v3(handle_,
+        &alpha,
+        src_desc_,
+        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
+        my_desc_,
+        grad_.gpu_data(),
+        conv_desc_,
+        bp_filter_alg_,
+        workspace.mutable_gpu_data(),
+        workspace_count_ * sizeof(float),
+        &beta,
+        filter_desc_,
+        weight_->mutable_grad()->mutable_gpu_data()));
+  if (srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this) != nullptr) {
+    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnConvolutionBackwardData_v3(handle_,
+          &alpha,
+          filter_desc_,
+          weight_->data().gpu_data(),
+          my_desc_,
+          grad_.gpu_data(),
+          conv_desc_,
+          bp_data_alg_,
+          workspace.mutable_gpu_data(),
+          workspace_count_ * sizeof(float),
+          &beta,
+          src_desc_,
+          srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this)->mutable_gpu_data()));
+  }
+}
+}  /* singa */

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_convolution.cu
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_convolution.cu 
b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_convolution.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 13e9f65..0000000
--- a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_convolution.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,205 +0,0 @@
-/************************************************************
-*
-* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-* or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-* distributed with this work for additional information
-* regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-* with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-*
-*   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-*
-* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-* KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-* specific language governing permissions and limitations
-* under the License.
-*
-*************************************************************/
-
-#include "singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h"
-
-namespace singa {
-
-CudnnConvLayer::~CudnnConvLayer() {
-  if (has_init_cudnn_) {
-    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroyTensorDescriptor(bias_desc_));
-    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroyFilterDescriptor(filter_desc_));
-    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroyConvolutionDescriptor(conv_desc_));
-  }
-}
-
-void CudnnConvLayer::InitCudnn() {
-  CudnnLayer::InitCudnn();
-  // convert MB to bytes
-  workspace_byte_limit_ = 
layer_conf_.convolution_conf().workspace_byte_limit() << 20;
-
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateTensorDescriptor(&bias_desc_));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateFilterDescriptor(&filter_desc_));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateConvolutionDescriptor(&conv_desc_));
-
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetConvolution2dDescriptor(conv_desc_,
-        pad_y_,
-        pad_x_,
-        stride_y_,
-        stride_x_,
-        1,
-        1,
-        CUDNN_CROSS_CORRELATION));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetFilter4dDescriptor(filter_desc_,
-        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
-        num_filters_,
-        channels_,
-        kernel_y_,
-        kernel_x_));
-  if (bias_) {
-    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(bias_desc_,
-          CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
-          CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
-          1,
-          num_filters_,
-          1,
-          1));
-  }
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(src_desc_,
-        CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
-        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
-        batchsize_,
-        channels_,
-        height_,
-        width_));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(my_desc_,
-        CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
-        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
-        batchsize_,
-        num_filters_,
-        conv_height_,
-        conv_width_));
-
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnGetConvolutionForwardAlgorithm(handle_,
-        src_desc_,
-        filter_desc_,
-        conv_desc_,
-        my_desc_,
-        CUDNN_CONVOLUTION_FWD_PREFER_FASTEST,
-        workspace_byte_limit_,
-        &fp_alg_));
-
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnGetConvolutionBackwardFilterAlgorithm(handle_,
-        src_desc_,
-        my_desc_,
-        conv_desc_,
-        filter_desc_,
-        CUDNN_CONVOLUTION_BWD_FILTER_PREFER_FASTEST,
-        workspace_byte_limit_,
-        &bp_filter_alg_));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnGetConvolutionBackwardDataAlgorithm(handle_,
-        filter_desc_,
-        my_desc_,
-        conv_desc_,
-        src_desc_,
-        CUDNN_CONVOLUTION_BWD_DATA_PREFER_FASTEST,
-        workspace_byte_limit_,
-        &bp_data_alg_));
-
-  size_t fp_byte, bp_data_byte, bp_filter_byte;
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnGetConvolutionForwardWorkspaceSize(handle_,
-        src_desc_,
-        filter_desc_,
-        conv_desc_,
-        my_desc_,
-        fp_alg_,
-        &fp_byte));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnGetConvolutionBackwardDataWorkspaceSize(handle_,
-        filter_desc_,
-        my_desc_,
-        conv_desc_,
-        src_desc_,
-        bp_data_alg_,
-        &bp_data_byte));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnGetConvolutionBackwardFilterWorkspaceSize(handle_,
-        src_desc_,
-        my_desc_,
-        conv_desc_,
-        filter_desc_,
-        bp_filter_alg_,
-        &bp_filter_byte));
-  workspace_count_ = std::max(std::max(fp_byte, bp_data_byte), bp_filter_byte)
-    / sizeof(float) + 1;
-}
-
-void CudnnConvLayer::ComputeFeature(int flag, const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) 
{
-  if (!has_init_cudnn_)
-    InitCudnn();
-  float alpha = 1.f, beta = 0.f;
-  Blob<float> workspace(vector<int>{static_cast<int>(workspace_count_)});
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnConvolutionForward(handle_,
-        &alpha,
-        src_desc_,
-        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
-        filter_desc_,
-        weight_->data().gpu_data(),
-        conv_desc_,
-        fp_alg_,
-        workspace.mutable_gpu_data(),
-        workspace_count_ * sizeof(float),
-        &beta,
-        my_desc_,
-        data_.mutable_gpu_data()));
-
-  if (bias_) {
-    beta = 1.f;
-    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnAddTensor(handle_,
-          CUDNN_ADD_SAME_C,
-          &alpha,
-          bias_desc_,
-          bias_->data().gpu_data(),
-          &beta,
-          my_desc_,
-          data_.mutable_gpu_data()));
-  }
-}
-
-void CudnnConvLayer::ComputeGradient(int flag, const vector<Layer*>& srclayers)
-{
-  float alpha = 1.f, beta = 0.f;
-  Blob<float> workspace(vector<int>{static_cast<int>(workspace_count_)});
-  if (bias_) {
-    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnConvolutionBackwardBias(handle_,
-          &alpha,
-          my_desc_,
-          grad_.gpu_data(),
-          &beta,
-          bias_desc_,
-          bias_->mutable_grad()->mutable_gpu_data()));
-  }
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnConvolutionBackwardFilter_v3(handle_,
-        &alpha,
-        src_desc_,
-        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
-        my_desc_,
-        grad_.gpu_data(),
-        conv_desc_,
-        bp_filter_alg_,
-        workspace.mutable_gpu_data(),
-        workspace_count_ * sizeof(float),
-        &beta,
-        filter_desc_,
-        weight_->mutable_grad()->mutable_gpu_data()));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnConvolutionBackwardData_v3(handle_,
-        &alpha,
-        filter_desc_,
-        weight_->data().gpu_data(),
-        my_desc_,
-        grad_.gpu_data(),
-        conv_desc_,
-        bp_data_alg_,
-        workspace.mutable_gpu_data(),
-        workspace_count_ * sizeof(float),
-        &beta,
-        src_desc_,
-        srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this)->mutable_gpu_data()));
-}
-}  /* singa */

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_lrn.cc
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_lrn.cc 
b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_lrn.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a2b695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_lrn.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/************************************************************
+*
+* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+* or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+* distributed with this work for additional information
+* regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+* with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+* KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+* specific language governing permissions and limitations
+* under the License.
+*
+*************************************************************/
+
+#include "singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h"
+
+namespace singa {
+CudnnLRNLayer::~CudnnLRNLayer() {
+  if (has_init_cudnn_) {
+    cudnnDestroyLRNDescriptor(norm_desc_);
+  }
+}
+
+void CudnnLRNLayer::InitCudnn() {
+  mode_ = CUDNN_LRN_CROSS_CHANNEL_DIM1;
+  CudnnLayer::InitCudnn();
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateLRNDescriptor(&norm_desc_));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetLRNDescriptor(norm_desc_,
+        lsize_,
+        alpha_,
+        beta_,
+        knorm_));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateTensorDescriptor(&src_desc_));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(src_desc_,
+      CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
+      CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
+      batchsize_,
+      channels_,
+      height_,
+      width_));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateTensorDescriptor(&my_desc_));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(my_desc_,
+      CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
+      CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
+      batchsize_,
+      channels_,
+      height_,
+      width_));
+}
+void CudnnLRNLayer::ComputeFeature(int flag, const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
+  if (!has_init_cudnn_)
+    InitCudnn();
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnLRNCrossChannelForward(handle_,
+      norm_desc_,
+      mode_,
+      &alpha_,
+      src_desc_,
+      srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
+      &beta_,
+      my_desc_,
+      data_.mutable_gpu_data()));
+}
+void CudnnLRNLayer::ComputeGradient(int flag, const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) 
{
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnLRNCrossChannelBackward(handle_,
+        norm_desc_,
+        mode_,
+        &alpha_,
+        my_desc_, // ???
+        data_.gpu_data(),
+        my_desc_,
+        grad_.gpu_data(),
+        src_desc_,
+        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
+        &beta_,
+        src_desc_,
+        srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this)->mutable_gpu_data()));
+}
+
+
+} /* singa */

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_lrn.cu
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_lrn.cu 
b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_lrn.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 4a2b695..0000000
--- a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_lrn.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-/************************************************************
-*
-* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-* or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-* distributed with this work for additional information
-* regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-* with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-*
-*   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-*
-* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-* KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-* specific language governing permissions and limitations
-* under the License.
-*
-*************************************************************/
-
-#include "singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h"
-
-namespace singa {
-CudnnLRNLayer::~CudnnLRNLayer() {
-  if (has_init_cudnn_) {
-    cudnnDestroyLRNDescriptor(norm_desc_);
-  }
-}
-
-void CudnnLRNLayer::InitCudnn() {
-  mode_ = CUDNN_LRN_CROSS_CHANNEL_DIM1;
-  CudnnLayer::InitCudnn();
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateLRNDescriptor(&norm_desc_));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetLRNDescriptor(norm_desc_,
-        lsize_,
-        alpha_,
-        beta_,
-        knorm_));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateTensorDescriptor(&src_desc_));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(src_desc_,
-      CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
-      CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
-      batchsize_,
-      channels_,
-      height_,
-      width_));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreateTensorDescriptor(&my_desc_));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(my_desc_,
-      CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
-      CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
-      batchsize_,
-      channels_,
-      height_,
-      width_));
-}
-void CudnnLRNLayer::ComputeFeature(int flag, const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
-  if (!has_init_cudnn_)
-    InitCudnn();
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnLRNCrossChannelForward(handle_,
-      norm_desc_,
-      mode_,
-      &alpha_,
-      src_desc_,
-      srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
-      &beta_,
-      my_desc_,
-      data_.mutable_gpu_data()));
-}
-void CudnnLRNLayer::ComputeGradient(int flag, const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) 
{
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnLRNCrossChannelBackward(handle_,
-        norm_desc_,
-        mode_,
-        &alpha_,
-        my_desc_, // ???
-        data_.gpu_data(),
-        my_desc_,
-        grad_.gpu_data(),
-        src_desc_,
-        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
-        &beta_,
-        src_desc_,
-        srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this)->mutable_gpu_data()));
-}
-
-
-} /* singa */

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_pooling.cc
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_pooling.cc 
b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_pooling.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffdfb3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_pooling.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/************************************************************
+*
+* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+* or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+* distributed with this work for additional information
+* regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+* with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+* KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+* specific language governing permissions and limitations
+* under the License.
+*
+*************************************************************/
+
+#include "singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h"
+
+namespace singa {
+
+CudnnPoolLayer::~CudnnPoolLayer() {
+  if (has_init_cudnn_) {
+    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroyPoolingDescriptor(pool_desc_));
+  }
+}
+
+void CudnnPoolLayer::InitCudnn() {
+  CudnnLayer::InitCudnn();
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreatePoolingDescriptor(&pool_desc_));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(src_desc_,
+        CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
+        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
+        batchsize_,
+        channels_,
+        height_,
+        width_));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(my_desc_,
+        CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
+        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
+        batchsize_,
+        channels_,
+        pooled_height_,
+        pooled_width_));
+  auto pool_method = CUDNN_POOLING_AVERAGE_COUNT_EXCLUDE_PADDING;
+  if (pool_ == PoolingProto_PoolMethod_MAX)
+    pool_method = CUDNN_POOLING_MAX;
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetPooling2dDescriptor(pool_desc_,
+        pool_method,
+        kernel_y_,
+        kernel_x_,
+        pad_y_,
+        pad_x_,
+        stride_y_,
+        stride_x_));
+
+}
+
+void CudnnPoolLayer::ComputeFeature(int flag, const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) 
{
+  if (!has_init_cudnn_)
+    InitCudnn();
+  float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;
+  // currently only consider single src layer
+  CHECK_EQ(srclayers.size(), 1);
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnPoolingForward(handle_,
+        pool_desc_,
+        &alpha,
+        src_desc_,
+        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
+        &beta,
+        my_desc_,
+        data_.mutable_gpu_data()));
+}
+
+void CudnnPoolLayer::ComputeGradient(int flag, const vector<Layer*>& srclayers)
+{
+  float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnPoolingBackward(handle_,
+        pool_desc_,
+        &alpha,
+        my_desc_,
+        data_.gpu_data(),
+        my_desc_,
+        grad_.gpu_data(),
+        src_desc_,
+        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
+        &beta,
+        src_desc_,
+        srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this)->mutable_gpu_data()));
+}
+}  /* singa */
+

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_pooling.cu
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_pooling.cu 
b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_pooling.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index ffdfb3b..0000000
--- a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_pooling.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-/************************************************************
-*
-* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-* or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-* distributed with this work for additional information
-* regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-* with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-*
-*   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-*
-* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-* KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-* specific language governing permissions and limitations
-* under the License.
-*
-*************************************************************/
-
-#include "singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h"
-
-namespace singa {
-
-CudnnPoolLayer::~CudnnPoolLayer() {
-  if (has_init_cudnn_) {
-    CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnDestroyPoolingDescriptor(pool_desc_));
-  }
-}
-
-void CudnnPoolLayer::InitCudnn() {
-  CudnnLayer::InitCudnn();
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnCreatePoolingDescriptor(&pool_desc_));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(src_desc_,
-        CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
-        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
-        batchsize_,
-        channels_,
-        height_,
-        width_));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(my_desc_,
-        CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
-        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
-        batchsize_,
-        channels_,
-        pooled_height_,
-        pooled_width_));
-  auto pool_method = CUDNN_POOLING_AVERAGE_COUNT_EXCLUDE_PADDING;
-  if (pool_ == PoolingProto_PoolMethod_MAX)
-    pool_method = CUDNN_POOLING_MAX;
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetPooling2dDescriptor(pool_desc_,
-        pool_method,
-        kernel_y_,
-        kernel_x_,
-        pad_y_,
-        pad_x_,
-        stride_y_,
-        stride_x_));
-
-}
-
-void CudnnPoolLayer::ComputeFeature(int flag, const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) 
{
-  if (!has_init_cudnn_)
-    InitCudnn();
-  float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;
-  // currently only consider single src layer
-  CHECK_EQ(srclayers.size(), 1);
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnPoolingForward(handle_,
-        pool_desc_,
-        &alpha,
-        src_desc_,
-        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
-        &beta,
-        my_desc_,
-        data_.mutable_gpu_data()));
-}
-
-void CudnnPoolLayer::ComputeGradient(int flag, const vector<Layer*>& srclayers)
-{
-  float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnPoolingBackward(handle_,
-        pool_desc_,
-        &alpha,
-        my_desc_,
-        data_.gpu_data(),
-        my_desc_,
-        grad_.gpu_data(),
-        src_desc_,
-        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
-        &beta,
-        src_desc_,
-        srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this)->mutable_gpu_data()));
-}
-}  /* singa */
-

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_softmax.cc
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_softmax.cc 
b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_softmax.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fade3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_softmax.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/************************************************************
+*
+* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+* or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+* distributed with this work for additional information
+* regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+* with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+*   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+* KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+* specific language governing permissions and limitations
+* under the License.
+*
+*************************************************************/
+
+#include "singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h"
+
+namespace singa {
+
+void CudnnSoftmaxLayer::InitCudnn() {
+  CudnnLayer::InitCudnn();
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(src_desc_,
+        CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
+        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
+        batchsize_,
+        num_softmax_per_instance_,
+        count_per_softmax_,
+        1));
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(my_desc_,
+        CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
+        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
+        batchsize_,
+        num_softmax_per_instance_,
+        count_per_softmax_,
+        1));
+}
+
+void CudnnSoftmaxLayer::ComputeFeature(int flag,
+    const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
+  if (!has_init_cudnn_)
+    InitCudnn();
+  const float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSoftmaxForward(handle_,
+        CUDNN_SOFTMAX_ACCURATE,
+        CUDNN_SOFTMAX_MODE_CHANNEL,
+        &alpha,
+        src_desc_,
+        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
+        &beta,
+        my_desc_,
+        data_.mutable_gpu_data()));
+}
+
+void CudnnSoftmaxLayer::ComputeGradient(int flag,
+    const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
+  const float alpha = 1.f, beta = 0.f;
+  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSoftmaxBackward(handle_,
+        CUDNN_SOFTMAX_ACCURATE,
+        CUDNN_SOFTMAX_MODE_CHANNEL,
+        &alpha,
+        my_desc_,
+        data_.gpu_data(),
+        my_desc_,
+        grad_.gpu_data(),
+        &beta,
+        src_desc_,
+        srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this)->mutable_gpu_data()));
+}
+}  /* singa */

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_softmax.cu
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_softmax.cu 
b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_softmax.cu
deleted file mode 100644
index 7fade3e..0000000
--- a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/cudnn_softmax.cu
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-/************************************************************
-*
-* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
-* or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
-* distributed with this work for additional information
-* regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
-* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
-* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
-* with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-*
-*   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-*
-* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
-* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
-* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
-* KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
-* specific language governing permissions and limitations
-* under the License.
-*
-*************************************************************/
-
-#include "singa/neuralnet/neuron_layer.h"
-
-namespace singa {
-
-void CudnnSoftmaxLayer::InitCudnn() {
-  CudnnLayer::InitCudnn();
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(src_desc_,
-        CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
-        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
-        batchsize_,
-        num_softmax_per_instance_,
-        count_per_softmax_,
-        1));
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSetTensor4dDescriptor(my_desc_,
-        CUDNN_TENSOR_NCHW,
-        CUDNN_DATA_FLOAT,
-        batchsize_,
-        num_softmax_per_instance_,
-        count_per_softmax_,
-        1));
-}
-
-void CudnnSoftmaxLayer::ComputeFeature(int flag,
-    const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
-  if (!has_init_cudnn_)
-    InitCudnn();
-  const float alpha = 1.0f, beta = 0.0f;
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSoftmaxForward(handle_,
-        CUDNN_SOFTMAX_ACCURATE,
-        CUDNN_SOFTMAX_MODE_CHANNEL,
-        &alpha,
-        src_desc_,
-        srclayers[0]->data(this).gpu_data(),
-        &beta,
-        my_desc_,
-        data_.mutable_gpu_data()));
-}
-
-void CudnnSoftmaxLayer::ComputeGradient(int flag,
-    const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
-  const float alpha = 1.f, beta = 0.f;
-  CHECK_CUDNN(cudnnSoftmaxBackward(handle_,
-        CUDNN_SOFTMAX_ACCURATE,
-        CUDNN_SOFTMAX_MODE_CHANNEL,
-        &alpha,
-        my_desc_,
-        data_.gpu_data(),
-        my_desc_,
-        grad_.gpu_data(),
-        &beta,
-        src_desc_,
-        srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this)->mutable_gpu_data()));
-}
-}  /* singa */

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/inner_product.cc
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/inner_product.cc 
b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/inner_product.cc
index 3b18cd7..6b5ec36 100644
--- a/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/inner_product.cc
+++ b/src/neuralnet/neuron_layer/inner_product.cc
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ void InnerProductLayer::Setup(const LayerProto& conf,
 
 void InnerProductLayer::ComputeFeature(int flag,
     const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
-  MMDot(srclayers[0]->data(this), weight_->data(), &data_);
+  MMDot(srclayers[0]->data(this), weight_->data().T(), &data_);
   MVAddRow(bias_->data(), &data_);
 }
 
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ void InnerProductLayer::ComputeGradient(int flag,
     const vector<Layer*>& srclayers) {
 
   MVSumRow(1.0f, 0.0f, grad_, bias_->mutable_grad());
-  MVDot(grad_.T(), srclayers[0]->data(this), weight_->mutable_grad());
+  MMDot(grad_.T(), srclayers[0]->data(this), weight_->mutable_grad());
   if (srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this) != nullptr) {
-    MVDot(grad_, weight_->data(), srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this));
+    MMDot(grad_, weight_->data(), srclayers[0]->mutable_grad(this));
   }
 }
 }  // namespace singa

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/stub.cc
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/stub.cc b/src/stub.cc
index 3f7c59d..a3605f7 100644
--- a/src/stub.cc
+++ b/src/stub.cc
@@ -207,12 +207,12 @@ void Stub::GenMsgs(int type, int version, ParamEntry* 
entry, Msg* msg,
     Msg* new_msg = nullptr;
     if (type == kPut) {
       CHECK_GT(entry->num_total, 0);
-      new_msg = param->GenPutMsg(dst_procs != procs_id, idx);
+      new_msg = param->GenPutMsg(dst_procs == procs_id, idx);
       new_msg->AddFormatFrame("i", entry->num_total);
     } else if (type == kGet) {
-      new_msg = param->GenGetMsg(dst_procs != procs_id, idx);
+      new_msg = param->GenGetMsg(dst_procs == procs_id, idx);
     } else if (type == kUpdate) {
-      new_msg = param->GenUpdateMsg(dst_procs != procs_id, idx);
+      new_msg = param->GenUpdateMsg(dst_procs == procs_id, idx);
       new_msg->AddFormatFrame("i", entry->num_local);
     } else {
       LOG(FATAL) << "Wrong type";

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/test/test_csv_input_layer.cc
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/test/test_csv_input_layer.cc b/src/test/test_csv_input_layer.cc
index ce5847d..6613d87 100644
--- a/src/test/test_csv_input_layer.cc
+++ b/src/test/test_csv_input_layer.cc
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 #include <fstream>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
-#include "singa/neuralnet/input_layer/csv.h"
+#include "singa/neuralnet/input_layer.h"
 #include "singa/proto/job.pb.h"
 
 class CSVInputLayerTest : public ::testing::Test {

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/test/test_math.cc
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/test/test_math.cc b/src/test/test_math.cc
index 39ec2a0..c2730a4 100644
--- a/src/test/test_math.cc
+++ b/src/test/test_math.cc
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-* 
+*
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-* 
+*
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
@@ -18,11 +18,13 @@
 * under the License.
 *
 *************************************************************/
-
+#include <thread>
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "singa/utils/math_addr.h"
 #include "singa/utils/math_kernel.h"
 #include "singa/utils/singa_op.h"
+#include "singa/utils/context.h"
+#include "singa/utils/singleton.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_GPU
 #include <cuda_runtime.h>
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ TEST(MathTest, TestGemvCPU) {
 }
 
 
+/*
 TEST(MathTest, TestAxpyCPU) {
   float A[4][3] = {};
   float C[4][3] = {};
@@ -109,7 +112,6 @@ TEST(MathTest, TestAxpyCPU) {
   }
 }
 
-/*
 TEST(MathTest, TestEopCPU) {
 
   float A[10] = {};
@@ -154,8 +156,9 @@ TEST(MathTest, TestGemmGPU) {
 
   cudaMemcpy(A_gpu, A, 3*2*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
   cudaMemcpy(B_gpu, B, 3*2*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
-
-  gpu_gemm<float>(A_gpu, B_gpu, 2, 2, 3 , 1, 0, true, false, C_gpu);
+  auto context = Singleton<Context>::Instance();
+  context->SetupDevice(std::this_thread::get_id(), 0);
+  gpu_gemm<float>(context->cublas_handle(0), A_gpu, B_gpu, 2, 2, 3 , 1, 0, 
true, false, C_gpu);
 
   cudaMemcpy(C, C_gpu, 2*2*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
 
@@ -207,8 +210,9 @@ TEST(MathTest, TestGemvGPU) {
   cudaMemcpy(A_gpu, A, 4*3*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
   cudaMemcpy(B_gpu, B, 4*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
   cudaMemcpy(C_gpu, C, 3*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
-
-  gpu_gemv<float>(A_gpu, B_gpu, 4, 3, 1, 1, true, C_gpu);
+  auto context = Singleton<Context>::Instance();
+  context->SetupDevice(std::this_thread::get_id(), 0);
+  gpu_gemv<float>(context->cublas_handle(0), A_gpu, B_gpu, 4, 3, 1.0f, 1.0f, 
true, C_gpu);
 
   cudaMemcpy(C, C_gpu, 3*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
 
@@ -294,7 +298,9 @@ TEST(MathTest, TestDotGPU) {
 
   cudaMemcpy(A_gpu, A, 12*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
   cudaMemcpy(B_gpu, B, 12*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
-  float gpu_ret = gpu_dot<float>(A_gpu, B_gpu, 12);
+  auto context = Singleton<Context>::Instance();
+  context->SetupDevice(std::this_thread::get_id(), 0);
+  float gpu_ret = gpu_dot<float>(context->cublas_handle(0), A_gpu, B_gpu, 12);
 
   float cpu_ret = 0.0f;
   for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
@@ -329,8 +335,7 @@ TEST(MathTest, TestSingaSumColGPU) {
   cudaMalloc(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&A_gpu), 12*sizeof(float));
   cudaMalloc(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&B_gpu), 4*sizeof(float));
   cudaMemcpy(A_gpu, A, 12*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
-
-  singa_gpu_sum_col(A_gpu, B_gpu, 3, 4, 4);
+  singa_gpu_sum_by_col(A_gpu, B_gpu, 3, 4, 4);
 
   cudaMemcpy(B, B_gpu, 4*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
 

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/test/test_record_input_layer.cc
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/test/test_record_input_layer.cc 
b/src/test/test_record_input_layer.cc
index 78e6047..9c953c1 100644
--- a/src/test/test_record_input_layer.cc
+++ b/src/test/test_record_input_layer.cc
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
-#include "singa/neuralnet/input_layer/record.h"
+#include "singa/neuralnet/input_layer.h"
 #include "singa/proto/job.pb.h"
 #include "singa/proto/common.pb.h"
 

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/utils/math_kernel.cu
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/utils/math_kernel.cu b/src/utils/math_kernel.cu
index 12501fd..a4cd513 100644
--- a/src/utils/math_kernel.cu
+++ b/src/utils/math_kernel.cu
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include "singa/utils/math_kernel.h"
+#include "mshadow/tensor.h"  //FLT_MIN?
 
 #define CU2DBLOCK_X 32
 #define CU2DBLOCK_Y 32
@@ -31,6 +32,29 @@
 // Cuda Kernel Functions
 
 __global__
+void kernel_softmax_loss(const float *prob, const int *label ,
+       float *loss, int n, int dim) {
+  int index = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+  int num_threads = blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
+  for (; index < n; index += num_threads) {
+       const int label_value = static_cast<int>(label[index]);
+       float prob_of_truth = prob[index * dim + label_value];
+       loss[index] -= log(max(prob_of_truth, FLT_MIN));
+  }
+}
+
+__global__
+void kernel_softmax_gradient(float *grad, const int *label ,
+       int n, int dim, float scale) {
+  int index = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+  int num_threads = blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
+  for (; index < n; index += num_threads) {
+       int pos = index * dim + static_cast<int>(label[index]);
+       grad[pos] = (grad[pos] - 1.0f) * scale / (1.0 * n);
+  }
+}
+
+__global__
 void kernel_sum_vec(float *data, float *sum , int n) {
   int THREADS = blockDim.x;
 
@@ -293,6 +317,18 @@ void kernel_threshold(const float *src_data, float 
*des_data,
 //
 namespace singa {
 
+void singa_gpu_softmax_loss(const float *prob, const int *label,
+       float *loss, int n, int dim) {
+  kernel_softmax_loss<<<ceil(n/CU1DBLOCKF), CU1DBLOCKF>>>
+       (prob, label, loss, n, dim);
+}
+
+void singa_gpu_softmax_gradient(float *grad, const int *label,
+       int n, int dim, float scale) {
+  kernel_softmax_gradient<<<ceil(n/CU1DBLOCKF), CU1DBLOCKF>>>
+       (grad, label, n, dim, scale);
+}
+
 void singa_gpu_sum_vec(float *data, float *sum , int n) {
   int threads_per_block = n > CU1DBLOCK ? CU1DBLOCK : n;
   //  here, we only need one block

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator-singa/blob/f31ba645/src/worker.cc
----------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/worker.cc b/src/worker.cc
index 8c1d950..d9380b6 100644
--- a/src/worker.cc
+++ b/src/worker.cc
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ void Worker::Run() {
     }
     TrainOneBatch(step_, train_net_);
     if (DisplayNow(step_) && grp_id_ == 0 && id_ == 0)
-      Display(kTrain, "Train @ step " + std::to_string(step_), train_net_);
+      Display(kTrain | kForward | kBackward, "Train @ step " + 
std::to_string(step_), train_net_);
     step_++;
   }
 
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ void Worker::Display(int flag, const std::string& prefix, 
NeuralNet* net) {
       if (job_conf_.debug()) {
         const string& info = layer->ToString(true, flag);
         if (info.length()) {
-          LOG(INFO) <<  prefix << info;
+          LOG(INFO) << prefix << info;
         }
       }
     }

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