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class="externalLink" title="Apache Software Foundation"> + <span class="none"></span> + Apache Software Foundation</a> + </li> + + <li> + + <a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/singa/"; class="externalLink" title="NUS Site"> + <span class="none"></span> + NUS Site</a> + </li> + </ul> + + + + <hr /> + + <div id="poweredBy"> + <div class="clear"></div> + <div class="clear"></div> + <div class="clear"></div> + <div class="clear"></div> + <a href="http://incubator.apache.org"; title="apache-incubator" class="builtBy"> + <img class="builtBy" alt="Apache Incubator" src="http://incubator.apache.org/images/egg-logo.png"; /> + </a> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div id="bodyColumn" class="span10" > + + <h1>분산 트레이닝</h1> +<hr /> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="Cluster_Topology_"></a>Cluster Topology 설정</h2> +<p>SINGA 에서 다양한 분산 트레이닝 프레임워크를 실행하는 방법을 설명합니다.</p> +<p>cluster topology 는 <tt>JobProto</tt> 속의 <tt>cluster</tt> field 를 설정해줍니다. <tt>cluster</tt> 는 <tt>ClusterProto</tt> 타입 입니다. 예를 들어</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">message ClusterProto { + optional int32 nworker_groups = 1; + optional int32 nserver_groups = 2; + optional int32 nworkers_per_group = 3 [default = 1]; + optional int32 nservers_per_group = 4 [default = 1]; + optional int32 nworkers_per_procs = 5 [default = 1]; + optional int32 nservers_per_procs = 6 [default = 1]; + + // servers and workers in different processes? + optional bool server_worker_separate = 20 [default = false]; + + ...... +} +</pre></div></div> +<p>자주 사용되는 field 는 다음과 같습니다:</p> + +<ul> + +<li> +<p><tt>nworkers_per_group</tt> and <tt>nworkers_per_procs</tt>: decide the partitioning of worker side ParamShard.</p></li> + +<li> +<p><tt>nservers_per_group</tt> and <tt>nservers_per_procs</tt>: decide the partitioning of server side ParamShard.</p></li> + +<li> +<p><tt>server_worker_separate</tt>: separate servers and workers in different processes.</p></li> +</ul></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="a__"></a>다양한 트레이닝 프레임워크</h2> +<p>SINGA 에서 worker groups 들은 비동기적으로, group 속에서 workers 들은 동기적으로 실행됩니다. 유저는 이 일반디저인을 이용해서 <b>synchronous</b> 와 <b>asynchronous</b> 트레이닝 프레임워크를 실행 할수 있습니다. 널리 알려진 분산 트레이닝을 어떻게 설정하고 실행하는지 설명하겠습니다.</p> +<p><img src="../../images/frameworks.png" style="width: 800px" alt="" /> +<p><b> Fig.1 - 다양한 트레이닝 프레임워크</b></p> +<div class="section"> +<h3><a name="Sandblaster"></a>Sandblaster</h3> +<p>Google Brain 에서 쓰이는 <b>synchronous</b> 프레임워크. Fig.2(a) 는 SINGA에서 Sandblaster 프레임워크를 실행하기 위한 cluster 의 설정 예입니다.</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">cluster { + nworker_groups: 1 + nserver_groups: 1 + nworkers_per_group: 3 + nservers_per_group: 2 + server_worker_separate: true +} +</pre></div></div> +<p>각 server group 는 모든 workers 의 requests 를 처리합니다. 각 worker 는 뉴럴네트 모델의 한 부분을 담당하여 계산을 하고, 모든 servers 와 통신을 하여 관련 parameters 값을 얻습니다.</p></div> +<div class="section"> +<h3><a name="AllReduce"></a>AllReduce</h3> +<p>Baidu’s DeepImage 에서 쓰이는 <b>synchronous</b> 프레임워크. Fig.2(b) 는 SINGA에서 AllReduce 프레임워크를 실행하기 위한 cluster 의 설정 예입니다.</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">cluster { + nworker_groups: 1 + nserver_groups: 1 + nworkers_per_group: 3 + nservers_per_group: 3 + server_worker_separate: false +} +</pre></div></div> +<p>각 node 에서 1 worker 와 1 server 를 실행하여, 각 node 가 parameters 의 한 부분을 담당하고 계산을 하도록 설정합니다. 다른 nodes 와 업데이트 된 정보를 교환합니다.</p></div> +<div class="section"> +<h3><a name="Downpour"></a>Downpour</h3> +<p>Google Brain 에서 쓰이는 <b>asynchronous</b> 프레임워크. Fig.2(c) 는 SINGA에서 Downpour 프레임워크를 실행하기 위한 cluster 의 설정 예입니다.</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">cluster { + nworker_groups: 2 + nserver_groups: 1 + nworkers_per_group: 2 + nservers_per_group: 2 + server_worker_separate: true +} +</pre></div></div> +<p>synchronous Sandblaster 와 비슷하게, 모든 workers 는 1 server group 에 requests 를 보냅니다. 여기서는 workers 들을 여러 worker groups 으로 나누어서, 각 worker 가 <i>update</i> reply 에서 받은 최신 parameters 를 써서 계산 하도록 설정하였습니다.</p></div> +<div class="section"> +<h3><a name="Distributed_Hogwild"></a>Distributed Hogwild</h3> +<p>Caffe 에서 쓰이는 <b>asynchronous</b> 프레임워크. Fig.2(d) 는 SINGA에서 Hogwild 프레임워크를 실행하기 위한 cluster 의 설정 예입니다.</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">cluster { + nworker_groups: 3 + nserver_groups: 3 + nworkers_per_group: 1 + nservers_per_group: 1 + server_worker_separate: false +} +</pre></div></div> +<p>각 node 는 1 server group 와 1 worker group 를 실행합니다. Parameter updates 를 node 에서 각각 실행시킴으로써 통신코스트와 트레이닝 스텝을 최소화 합니다. 그러나 server groups 들은 정기적으로 네이버링 groups 들과 동기 시켜야 됩니다.</p></div></div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <hr/> + + <footer> + <div class="container-fluid"> + <div class="row-fluid"> + +<p>Copyright © 2015 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved. Apache Singa, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and the Apache Singa project logos are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.</p> + </div> + + + </div> + </footer> + </body> +</html>
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class="externalLink" title="Apache Software Foundation"> + <span class="none"></span> + Apache Software Foundation</a> + </li> + + <li> + + <a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/singa/"; class="externalLink" title="NUS Site"> + <span class="none"></span> + NUS Site</a> + </li> + </ul> + + + + <hr /> + + <div id="poweredBy"> + <div class="clear"></div> + <div class="clear"></div> + <div class="clear"></div> + <div class="clear"></div> + <a href="http://incubator.apache.org"; title="apache-incubator" class="builtBy"> + <img class="builtBy" alt="Apache Incubator" src="http://incubator.apache.org/images/egg-logo.png"; /> + </a> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + + <div id="bodyColumn" class="span10" > + + <h1>Building SINGA from source</h1> +<hr /> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="Dependencies"></a>Dependencies</h2> +<p>SINGA is developed and tested on Linux platforms.</p> +<p>The following dependent libraries are required:</p> + +<ul> + +<li> +<p>glog version 0.3.3</p></li> + +<li> +<p>google-protobuf version 2.6.0</p></li> + +<li> +<p>openblas version >= 0.2.10</p></li> + +<li> +<p>zeromq version >= 3.2</p></li> + +<li> +<p>czmq version >= 3</p></li> + +<li> +<p>zookeeper version 3.4.6</p></li> +</ul> +<p>Optional dependencies include:</p> + +<ul> + +<li>lmdb version 0.9.10</li> +</ul> +<p>You can install all dependencies into $PREFIX folder by</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"># make sure you are in the thirdparty folder +cd thirdparty +./install.sh all $PREFIX +</pre></div></div> +<p>If $PREFIX is not a system path (e.g., /usr/local/), please export the following variables to continue the building instructions,</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PREFIX/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH +export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=$PREFIX/include:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH +export LIBRARY_PATH=$PREFIX/lib:$LIBRARY_PATH +export PATH=$PREFIX/bin:$PATH +</pre></div></div> +<p>More details on using this script is given below.</p></div> +<div class="section"> +<h2><a name="Building_SINGA_from_source"></a>Building SINGA from source</h2> +<p>SINGA is built using GNU autotools. GCC (version >= 4.8) is required. There are two ways to build SINGA,</p> + +<ul> + +<li> +<p>If you want to use the latest code, please clone it from <a class="externalLink" href="https://github.com/apache/incubator-singa.git";>Github</a> and execute the following commands,</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">$ git clone [email protected]:apache/incubator-singa.git +$ cd incubator-singa +$ ./autogen.sh +$ ./configure +$ make +</pre></div></div></li> +</ul> +<p>Note: It is an oversight that we forgot to delete the singa repo under <a class="externalLink" href="https://github.com/orgs/nusinga";>nusinga</a> account after we became Apache Incubator project – the source in that repo was not up to date, and we apologize for any inconvenience.</p> + +<ul> + +<li> +<p>If you download a release package, please follow the instructions below,</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">$ tar xvf singa-xxx +$ cd singa-xxx +$ ./configure +$ make +</pre></div></div> +<p>Some features of SINGA depend on external libraries. These features can be compiled with <tt>--enable-<feature></tt>. For example, to build SINGA with lmdb support, you can run:</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">$ ./configure --enable-lmdb +</pre></div></div></li> +</ul> +<!-- - +Zhongle: please update the code to use the follow command + + $ make test + +After compilation, you will find the binary file singatest. Just run it! +More details about configure script can be found by running: + + $ ./configure -h --> +<p>After compiling SINGA successfully, the <i>libsinga.so</i> and the executable file <i>singa</i> will be generated into <i>.libs/</i> folder.</p> +<p>If some dependent libraries are missing (or not detected), you can use the following script to download and install them:</p> +<!-- - +to be updated after zhongle changes the code to use + + ./install.sh libname \-\-prefix= --> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"># must goto thirdparty folder +$ cd thirdparty +$ ./install.sh LIB_NAME PREFIX +</pre></div></div> +<p>If you do not specify the installation path, the library will be installed in the default folder specified by the software itself. For example, if you want to install <tt>zeromq</tt> library in the default system folder, run it as</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">$ ./install.sh zeromq +</pre></div></div> +<p>Or, if you want to install it into another folder,</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">$ ./install.sh zeromq PREFIX +</pre></div></div> +<p>You can also install all dependencies in <i>/usr/local</i> directory:</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">$ ./install.sh all /usr/local +</pre></div></div> +<p>Here is a table showing the first arguments:</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">LIB_NAME LIBRARIE +czmq* czmq lib +glog glog lib +lmdb lmdb lib +OpenBLAS OpenBLAS lib +protobuf Google protobuf +zeromq zeromq lib +zookeeper Apache zookeeper +</pre></div></div> +<p>*: Since <tt>czmq</tt> depends on <tt>zeromq</tt>, the script offers you one more argument to indicate <tt>zeromq</tt> location. The installation commands of <tt>czmq</tt> is:</p> +<!-- - +to be updated to + + $./install.sh czmq \-\-prefix=/usr/local \-\-zeromq=/usr/local/zeromq --> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint">$./install.sh czmq /usr/local -f=/usr/local/zeromq +</pre></div></div> +<p>After the execution, <tt>czmq</tt> will be installed in <i>/usr/local</i>. The last path specifies the path to zeromq.</p> +<div class="section"> +<h3><a name="FAQ"></a>FAQ</h3> + +<ul> + +<li>Q1:I get error <tt>./configure --> cannot find blas_segmm() function</tt> even I have installed OpenBLAS.</li> +</ul> +<p>A1: This means the compiler cannot find the <tt>OpenBLAS</tt> library. If you installed it to $PREFIX (e.g., /opt/OpenBLAS), then you need to export it as</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"> $ export LIBRARY_PATH=$PREFIX/lib:$LIBRARY_PATH + # e.g., + $ export LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/OpenBLAS/lib:$LIBRARY_PATH +</pre></div></div> + +<ul> + +<li>Q2: I get error <tt>cblas.h no such file or directory exists</tt>.</li> +</ul> +<p>Q2: You need to include the folder of the cblas.h into CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH, e.g.,</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"> $ export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=$PREFIX/include:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH + # e.g., + $ export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/opt/OpenBLAS/include:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH + # then reconfigure and make SINGA + $ ./configure + $ make +</pre></div></div> + +<ul> + +<li>Q3:While compiling SINGA, I get error <tt>SSE2 instruction set not enabled</tt></li> +</ul> +<p>A3:You can try following command:</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"> $ make CFLAGS='-msse2' CXXFLAGS='-msse2' +</pre></div></div> + +<ul> + +<li>Q4:I get <tt>ImportError: cannot import name enum_type_wrapper</tt> from google.protobuf.internal when I try to import .py files.</li> +</ul> +<p>A4:After install google protobuf by <tt>make install</tt>, we should install python runtime libraries. Go to protobuf source directory, run:</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"> $ cd /PROTOBUF/SOURCE/FOLDER + $ cd python + $ python setup.py build + $ python setup.py install +</pre></div></div> +<p>You may need <tt>sudo</tt> when you try to install python runtime libraries in the system folder.</p> + +<ul> + +<li>Q5: I get a linking error caused by gflags.</li> +</ul> +<p>A5: SINGA does not depend on gflags. But you may have installed the glog with gflags. In that case you can reinstall glog using <i>thirdparty/install.sh</i> into a another folder and export the LDFLAGS and CPPFLAGS to include that folder.</p> + +<ul> + +<li>Q6: While compiling SINGA and installing <tt>glog</tt> on mac OS X, I get fatal error <tt>'ext/slist' file not found</tt></li> +</ul> +<p>A6:Please install <tt>glog</tt> individually and try :</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"> $ make CFLAGS='-stdlib=libstdc++' CXXFLAGS='stdlib=libstdc++' +</pre></div></div> + +<ul> + +<li>Q7: When I start a training job, it reports error related with “ZOO_ERROR…zk retcode=-4…”.</li> +</ul> +<p>A7: This is because the zookeeper is not started. Please start the zookeeper service</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"> $ ./bin/zk-service start +</pre></div></div> +<p>If the error still exists, probably that you do not have java. You can simple check it by</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"> $ java --version +</pre></div></div> + +<ul> + +<li>Q8: When I build OpenBLAS from source, I am told that I need a fortran compiler.</li> +</ul> +<p>A8: You can compile OpenBLAS by</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"> $ make ONLY_CBLAS=1 +</pre></div></div> +<p>or install it using</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"> $ sudo apt-get install openblas-dev +</pre></div></div> +<p>or</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"> $ sudo yum install openblas-devel +</pre></div></div> +<p>It is worth noting that you need root access to run the last two commands. Remember to set the environment variables to include the header and library paths of OpenBLAS after installation (please refer to the Dependencies section).</p> + +<ul> + +<li>Q9: When I build protocol buffer, it reports that GLIBC++_3.4.20 not found in /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.</li> +</ul> +<p>A9: This means the linker found libstdc++.so.6 but that library belongs to an older version of GCC than was used to compile and link the program. The program depends on code defined in the newer libstdc++ that belongs to the newer version of GCC, so the linker must be told how to find the newer libstdc++ shared library. The simplest way to fix this is to find the correct libstdc++ and export it to LD_LIBRARY_PATH. For example, if GLIBC++_3.4.20 is listed in the output of the following command,</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"> $ strings /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6|grep GLIBC++ +</pre></div></div> +<p>then you just set your environment variable as</p> + +<div class="source"> +<div class="source"><pre class="prettyprint"> $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH +</pre></div></div></div></div> + </div> + </div> + </div> + + <hr/> + + <footer> + <div class="container-fluid"> + <div class="row-fluid"> + +<p>Copyright © 2015 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved. Apache Singa, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and the Apache Singa project logos are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.</p> + </div> + + + </div> + </footer> + </body> +</html>
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