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+            
+  <div class="section" id="module-singa.loss">
+<span id="loss"></span><h1>Loss<a class="headerlink" href="#module-singa.loss" 
title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>Loss module includes a set of training loss implmentations. Some are 
converted
+from C++ implementation, and the rest are implemented directly using python
+Tensor.</p>
+<p>Example usage:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span 
class="nn">singa</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span 
class="n">tensor</span>
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">singa</span> <span 
class="k">import</span> <span class="n">loss</span>
+
+<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span 
class="n">tensor</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">uniform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span 
class="c1"># randomly genearte the prediction activation</span>
+<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span 
class="n">tensor</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_numpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span 
class="p">([</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span 
class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">int</span><span 
class="p">))</span>  <span class="c1"># set the truth</span>
+
+<span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span 
class="n">loss</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">SoftmaxCrossEntropy</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span 
class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">forward</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span 
class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># l is tensor with 3 loss values</span>
+<span class="n">g</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span 
class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">backward</span><span 
class="p">()</span>  <span class="c1"># g is a tensor containing all gradients 
of x w.r.t l</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<dl class="class">
+<dt id="singa.loss.Loss">
+<em class="property">class </em><code 
class="descclassname">singa.loss.</code><code class="descname">Loss</code><a 
class="headerlink" href="#singa.loss.Loss" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Bases: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">object</span></code></p>
+<p>Base loss class.</p>
+<p>Subclasses that wrap the C++ loss classes can use the inherited foward,
+backward, and evaluate functions of this base class. Other subclasses need
+to override these functions</p>
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.loss.Loss.backward">
+<code class="descname">backward</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.loss.Loss.backward" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><p>the grad of x w.r.t. the loss</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.loss.Loss.evaluate">
+<code class="descname">evaluate</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>flag</em>, <em>x</em>, <em>y</em><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.loss.Loss.evaluate" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
+<li><p><strong>flag</strong> (<em>int</em>) – must be kEval, to be 
removed</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>x</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – the prediction 
Tensor</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>y</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – the ground truth 
Tnesor</p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+<dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-even"><p>the averaged loss for all samples in x.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.loss.Loss.forward">
+<code class="descname">forward</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>flag</em>, <em>x</em>, <em>y</em><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#singa.loss.Loss.forward" 
title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Compute the loss values.</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
+<li><p><strong>flag</strong> – kTrain/kEval or bool. If it is kTrain/True, 
then the backward
+function must be called before calling forward again.</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>x</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – the prediction 
Tensor</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>y</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – the ground truch Tensor, 
x.shape[0] must = y.shape[0]</p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+<dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-even"><p>a tensor of floats for the loss values, one per 
sample</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="class">
+<dt id="singa.loss.SigmoidCrossEntropy">
+<em class="property">class </em><code 
class="descclassname">singa.loss.</code><code 
class="descname">SigmoidCrossEntropy</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>epsilon=1e-08</em><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.loss.SigmoidCrossEntropy" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Bases: <a class="reference internal" href="#singa.loss.Loss" 
title="singa.loss.Loss"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">singa.loss.Loss</span></code></a></p>
+<p>This loss evaluates the cross-entropy loss between the prediction and the
+truth values with the prediction probability generated from Sigmoid.</p>
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.loss.SigmoidCrossEntropy.backward">
+<code class="descname">backward</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.loss.SigmoidCrossEntropy.backward" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Compute the gradient of loss w.r.t to x.</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><p>dx = pi - yi.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.loss.SigmoidCrossEntropy.evaluate">
+<code class="descname">evaluate</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>flag</em>, <em>x</em>, <em>y</em><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.loss.SigmoidCrossEntropy.evaluate" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Compuate the averaged error.</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><p>a float value as the averaged error</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.loss.SigmoidCrossEntropy.forward">
+<code class="descname">forward</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>flag</em>, <em>x</em>, <em>y</em><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.loss.SigmoidCrossEntropy.forward" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>loss is -yi * log pi - (1-yi) log (1-pi), where pi=sigmoid(xi)</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
+<li><p><strong>flag</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – true for training; false for 
evaluation</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>x</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – the prediction 
Tensor</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>y</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – the truth Tensor, a binary 
array value per sample</p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+<dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-even"><p>a Tensor with one error value per sample</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="class">
+<dt id="singa.loss.SoftmaxCrossEntropy">
+<em class="property">class </em><code 
class="descclassname">singa.loss.</code><code 
class="descname">SoftmaxCrossEntropy</code><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.loss.SoftmaxCrossEntropy" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Bases: <a class="reference internal" href="#singa.loss.Loss" 
title="singa.loss.Loss"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">singa.loss.Loss</span></code></a></p>
+<p>This loss function is a combination of SoftMax and Cross-Entropy loss.</p>
+<p>It converts the inputs via SoftMax function and then
+computes the cross-entropy loss against the ground truth values.</p>
+<p>For each sample, the ground truth could be a integer as the label index;
+or a binary array, indicating the label distribution. The ground truth
+tensor thus could be a 1d or 2d tensor.
+The data/feature tensor could 1d (for a single sample) or 2d for a batch of
+samples.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="class">
+<dt id="singa.loss.SquaredError">
+<em class="property">class </em><code 
class="descclassname">singa.loss.</code><code 
class="descname">SquaredError</code><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.loss.SquaredError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Bases: <a class="reference internal" href="#singa.loss.Loss" 
title="singa.loss.Loss"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">singa.loss.Loss</span></code></a></p>
+<p>This loss evaluates the squared error between the prediction and the
+truth values.</p>
+<p>It is implemented using Python Tensor operations.</p>
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.loss.SquaredError.backward">
+<code class="descname">backward</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.loss.SquaredError.backward" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Compute the gradient of x w.r.t the error.</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><p>x - y</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.loss.SquaredError.evaluate">
+<code class="descname">evaluate</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>flag</em>, <em>x</em>, <em>y</em><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.loss.SquaredError.evaluate" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Compuate the averaged error.</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><p>a float value as the averaged error</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.loss.SquaredError.forward">
+<code class="descname">forward</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>flag</em>, <em>x</em>, <em>y</em><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.loss.SquaredError.forward" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Compute the error as 0.5 * ||x-y||^2.</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
+<li><p><strong>flag</strong> (<em>int</em>) – kTrain or kEval; if kTrain, 
then the backward must be
+called before calling forward again.</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>x</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – the prediction 
Tensor</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>y</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – the truth Tensor, an 
integer value per sample, whose
+value is [0, x.shape[1])</p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+<dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-even"><p>a Tensor with one error value per sample</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+
+
+           </div>
+           
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+  <div class="section" id="module-singa.metric">
+<span id="metric"></span><h1>Metric<a class="headerlink" 
href="#module-singa.metric" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>This module includes a set of metric classes for evaluating the model’s
+performance. The specific metric classes could be converted from C++
+implmentation or implemented directly using Python.</p>
+<p>Example usage:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span 
class="nn">singa</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span 
class="n">tensor</span>
+<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">singa</span> <span 
class="k">import</span> <span class="n">metric</span>
+
+<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span 
class="n">tensor</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">Tensor</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">uniform</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span 
class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span 
class="c1"># randomly genearte the prediction activation</span>
+<span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span 
class="n">tensor</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">SoftMax</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span 
class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># normalize the prediction into 
probabilities</span>
+<span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span 
class="n">tensor</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">from_numpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span 
class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">array</span><span 
class="p">([</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span 
class="p">],</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span 
class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">int</span><span 
class="p">))</span>  <span class="c1"># set the truth</span>
+
+<span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span 
class="n">metric</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">Accuracy</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="n">acc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span 
class="n">f</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">evaluate</span><span 
class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span 
class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># averaged 
accuracy over all 3 samples in x</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<dl class="class">
+<dt id="singa.metric.Metric">
+<em class="property">class </em><code 
class="descclassname">singa.metric.</code><code 
class="descname">Metric</code><a class="headerlink" href="#singa.metric.Metric" 
title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Bases: <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">object</span></code></p>
+<p>Base metric class.</p>
+<p>Subclasses that wrap the C++ loss classes can use the inherited foward,
+and evaluate functions of this base class. Other subclasses need
+to override these functions. Users need to feed in the 
<strong>predictions</strong> and
+ground truth to get the metric values.</p>
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.metric.Metric.forward">
+<code class="descname">forward</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>x</em>, <em>y</em><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.metric.Metric.forward" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Compute the metric for each sample.</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
+<li><p><strong>x</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – predictions, one row per 
sample</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>y</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – ground truth values, one 
row per sample</p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+<dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-even"><p>a tensor of floats, one per sample</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.metric.Metric.evaluate">
+<code class="descname">evaluate</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>x</em>, <em>y</em><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.metric.Metric.evaluate" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Compute the averaged metric over all samples.</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
+<li><p><strong>x</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – predictions, one row per 
sample</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>y</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – ground truth values, one 
row per sample</p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+<dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-even"><p>a float value for the averaged metric</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="class">
+<dt id="singa.metric.Accuracy">
+<em class="property">class </em><code 
class="descclassname">singa.metric.</code><code 
class="descname">Accuracy</code><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.metric.Accuracy" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Bases: <a class="reference internal" href="#singa.metric.Metric" 
title="singa.metric.Metric"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">singa.metric.Metric</span></code></a></p>
+<p>Compute the top one accuracy for single label prediction tasks.</p>
+<p>It calls the C++ functions to do the calculation.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="class">
+<dt id="singa.metric.Precision">
+<em class="property">class </em><code 
class="descclassname">singa.metric.</code><code 
class="descname">Precision</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>top_k</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a 
class="headerlink" href="#singa.metric.Precision" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Bases: <a class="reference internal" href="#singa.metric.Metric" 
title="singa.metric.Metric"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">singa.metric.Metric</span></code></a></p>
+<p>Make the top-k labels of max probability as the prediction</p>
+<p>Compute the precision against the groundtruth labels</p>
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.metric.Precision.forward">
+<code class="descname">forward</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>x</em>, <em>y</em><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.metric.Precision.forward" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Compute the precision for each sample.</p>
+<p>Convert tensor to numpy for computation</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
+<li><p><strong>x</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – predictions, one row per 
sample</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>y</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – ground truth labels, one 
row per sample</p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+<dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-even"><p>a tensor of floats, one per sample</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.metric.Precision.evaluate">
+<code class="descname">evaluate</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>x</em>, <em>y</em><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.metric.Precision.evaluate" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Compute the averaged precision over all samples.</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
+<li><p><strong>x</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – predictions, one row per 
sample</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>y</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – ground truth values, one 
row per sample</p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+<dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-even"><p>a float value for the averaged metric</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="class">
+<dt id="singa.metric.Recall">
+<em class="property">class </em><code 
class="descclassname">singa.metric.</code><code 
class="descname">Recall</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>top_k</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a 
class="headerlink" href="#singa.metric.Recall" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Bases: <a class="reference internal" href="#singa.metric.Metric" 
title="singa.metric.Metric"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">singa.metric.Metric</span></code></a></p>
+<p>Make the top-k labels of max probability as the prediction</p>
+<p>Compute the recall against the groundtruth labels</p>
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.metric.Recall.forward">
+<code class="descname">forward</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>x</em>, <em>y</em><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.metric.Recall.forward" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Compute the recall for each sample.</p>
+<p>Convert tensor to numpy for computation</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
+<li><p><strong>x</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – predictions, one row per 
sample</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>y</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – ground truth labels, one 
row per sample</p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+<dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-even"><p>a tensor of floats, one per sample</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="singa.metric.Recall.evaluate">
+<code class="descname">evaluate</code><span 
class="sig-paren">(</span><em>x</em>, <em>y</em><span 
class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" 
href="#singa.metric.Recall.evaluate" title="Permalink to this 
definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><p>Compute the averaged precision over all samples.</p>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Parameters</dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><ul class="simple">
+<li><p><strong>x</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – predictions, one row per 
sample</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>y</strong> (<a class="reference internal" 
href="tensor.html#singa.tensor.Tensor" 
title="singa.tensor.Tensor"><em>Tensor</em></a>) – ground truth values, one 
row per sample</p></li>
+</ul>
+</dd>
+<dt class="field-even">Returns</dt>
+<dd class="field-even"><p>a float value for the averaged metric</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd></dl>
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Added: incubator/singa/site/trunk/en/docs/model_zoo/caffe/README.html
URL: 
http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/singa/site/trunk/en/docs/model_zoo/caffe/README.html?rev=1858059&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/singa/site/trunk/en/docs/model_zoo/caffe/README.html (added)
+++ incubator/singa/site/trunk/en/docs/model_zoo/caffe/README.html Wed Apr 24 
14:57:35 2019
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
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+      <li>Use parameters pre-trained from Caffe in SINGA</li>
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+        
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itemtype="http://schema.org/Article";>
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+            
+  <!--
+    Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+    or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+    distributed with this work for additional information
+    regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+    to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+    "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+    with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
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+
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+    software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+    "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+    KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+    specific language governing permissions and limitations
+    under the License.
+--><div class="section" id="use-parameters-pre-trained-from-caffe-in-singa">
+<h1>Use parameters pre-trained from Caffe in SINGA<a class="headerlink" 
href="#use-parameters-pre-trained-from-caffe-in-singa" title="Permalink to this 
headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>In this example, we use SINGA to load the VGG parameters trained by Caffe 
to do image classification.</p>
+<div class="section" id="run-this-example">
+<h2>Run this example<a class="headerlink" href="#run-this-example" 
title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>You can run this example by simply executing <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">run.sh</span> <span 
class="pre">vgg16</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">run.sh</span> <span 
class="pre">vgg19</span></code>
+The script does the following work.</p>
+<div class="section" id="obtain-the-caffe-model">
+<h3>Obtain the Caffe model<a class="headerlink" href="#obtain-the-caffe-model" 
title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p>Download caffe model prototxt and parameter binary file.</p></li>
+<li><p>Currently we only support the latest caffe format, if your model is in
+previous version of caffe, please update it to current format.(This is
+supported by caffe)</p></li>
+<li><p>After updating, we can obtain two files, i.e., the prototxt and 
parameter
+binary file.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="prepare-test-images">
+<h3>Prepare test images<a class="headerlink" href="#prepare-test-images" 
title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<p>A few sample images are downloaded into the <code class="docutils literal 
notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> folder.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="predict">
+<h3>Predict<a class="headerlink" href="#predict" title="Permalink to this 
headline">¶</a></h3>
+<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">predict.py</span></code> script creates the VGG model and read the 
parameters,</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">usage</span><span 
class="p">:</span> <span class="n">predict</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">py</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">-</span><span 
class="n">h</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">model_txt</span> 
<span class="n">model_bin</span> <span class="n">imgclass</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span 
class="pre">imgclass</span></code> refers to the synsets of imagenet dataset 
for vgg models.
+You can start the prediction program by executing the following command:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span 
class="n">predict</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span 
class="n">vgg16</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prototxt</span> 
<span class="n">vgg16</span><span class="o">.</span><span 
class="n">caffemodel</span> <span class="n">synset_words</span><span 
class="o">.</span><span class="n">txt</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Then you type in the image path, and the program would output the top-5 
labels.</p>
+<p>More Caffe models would be tested soon.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+           </div>
+           
+          </div>
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reserved. Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and the Apache SINGA 
project logos are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. All other marks 
mentioned may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
+
+    </p>
+  </div>
+  Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/";>Sphinx</a> using a <a 
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+          <dt>Versions</dt>
+          <dd><a href="http://singa.apache.org/v0.3.0/";>0.3</a></dd>
+          <dd><a href="http://singa.apache.org/v1.1.0/";>1.1</a></dd>
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Added: incubator/singa/site/trunk/en/docs/model_zoo/char-rnn/README.html
URL: 
http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/incubator/singa/site/trunk/en/docs/model_zoo/char-rnn/README.html?rev=1858059&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- incubator/singa/site/trunk/en/docs/model_zoo/char-rnn/README.html (added)
+++ incubator/singa/site/trunk/en/docs/model_zoo/char-rnn/README.html Wed Apr 
24 14:57:35 2019
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
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+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
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+  
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+
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+<li class="toctree-l3 current"><a class="current reference internal" 
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+<li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" 
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+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" 
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+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" 
href="../imagenet/alexnet/README.html">Train AlexNet over ImageNet</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" 
href="../imagenet/densenet/README.html">name: DenseNet models on ImageNet
+SINGA version: 1.1.1
+SINGA commit:
+license: 
https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/models/densenet.py</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" 
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 Classification using DenseNet</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" 
href="../imagenet/googlenet/README.html">name: GoogleNet on ImageNet
+SINGA version: 1.0.1
+SINGA commit: 8c990f7da2de220e8a012c6a8ecc897dc7532744
+parameter_url: 
https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/bvlc_googlenet.tar.gz
+parameter_sha1: 0a88e8948b1abca3badfd8d090d6be03f8d7655d
+license: unrestricted 
https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/tree/master/models/bvlc_googlenet</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" 
href="../imagenet/googlenet/README.html#image-classification-using-googlenet">Image
 Classification using GoogleNet</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" 
href="../imagenet/inception/README.html">name: Inception V4 on ImageNet
+SINGA version: 1.1.1
+SINGA commit:
+parameter_url: 
https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/inception_v4.tar.gz
+parameter_sha1: 5fdd6f5d8af8fd10e7321d9b38bb87ef14e80d56
+license: https://github.com/tensorflow/models/tree/master/slim</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" 
href="../imagenet/inception/README.html#image-classification-using-inception-v4">Image
 Classification using Inception V4</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" 
href="../imagenet/resnet/README.html">name: Resnets on ImageNet
+SINGA version: 1.1
+SINGA commit: 45ec92d8ffc1fa1385a9307fdf07e21da939ee2f
+parameter_url: 
https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-18.tar.gz
+license: Apache V2, 
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+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" 
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 Classification using Residual Networks</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" 
href="../imagenet/vgg/README.html">name: VGG models on ImageNet
+SINGA version: 1.1.1
+SINGA commit:
+license: 
https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/models/vgg.py</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" 
href="../imagenet/vgg/README.html#image-classification-using-vgg">Image 
Classification using VGG</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" 
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+</ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" 
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+      <li>Train Char-RNN over plain text</li>
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+    Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+    or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
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+    regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
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+    "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+    KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+    specific language governing permissions and limitations
+    under the License.
+--><div class="section" id="train-char-rnn-over-plain-text">
+<h1>Train Char-RNN over plain text<a class="headerlink" 
href="#train-char-rnn-over-plain-text" title="Permalink to this 
headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are widely used for modelling sequential 
data,
+e.g., natural language sentences. This example describes how to implement a RNN
+application (or model) using SINGA’s RNN layers.
+We will use the <a class="reference external" 
href="https://github.com/karpathy/char-rnn";>char-rnn</a> model as an
+example, which trains over sentences or
+source code, with each character as an input unit. Particularly, we will train
+a RNN using GRU over Linux kernel source code. After training, we expect to
+generate meaningful code from the model.</p>
+<div class="section" id="instructions">
+<h2>Instructions<a class="headerlink" href="#instructions" title="Permalink to 
this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Compile and install SINGA. Currently the RNN implementation depends on 
Cudnn with version &gt;= 5.05.</p></li>
+<li><p>Prepare the dataset. Download the <a class="reference external" 
href="http://cs.stanford.edu/people/karpathy/char-rnn/";>kernel source code</a>.
+Other plain text files can also be used.</p></li>
+<li><p>Start the training,</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span>  <span class="n">python</span> <span 
class="n">train</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span 
class="n">linux_input</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">txt</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Some hyper-parameters could be set through command line,</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span>  <span class="n">python</span> <span 
class="n">train</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span 
class="o">-</span><span class="n">h</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</li>
+<li><p>Sample characters from the model by providing the number of characters 
to sample and the seed string.</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div 
class="highlight"><pre><span></span>  <span class="n">python</span> <span 
class="n">sample</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span 
class="s1">&#39;model.bin&#39;</span> <span class="mi">100</span> <span 
class="o">--</span><span class="n">seed</span> <span class="s1">&#39;#include 
&lt;std&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Please replace ‘model.bin’ with the path to one of the checkpoint 
paths.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
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