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+<html><head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
+<title>Sqoop 1.4.0-incubating Release Notes</title>
+<style type="Text/css">
+h1 {font-family: sans-serif}
+h2 {font-family: sans-serif; margin-left: 7mm}
+h4 {font-family: sans-serif; margin-left: 7mm}
+</style></head>
+<body><h1>Release Notes for Sqoop 1.4.0-incubating: November, 2011</h1>
+
+
+<p> Release Notes - Sqoop - Version 1.4.0-incubating</p>
+
+<h2> Sub-task
+</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-370'>SQOOP-370</a>]
- Version number for upcoming release.
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-371'>SQOOP-371</a>]
- Migrate util package to new name space
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-374'>SQOOP-374</a>]
- Migrate tool and orm packages to new name space
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-375'>SQOOP-375</a>]
- Migrate metastore and metastore.hsqldb packages to new name space
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-376'>SQOOP-376</a>]
- Migrate mapreduce package to new name space
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-377'>SQOOP-377</a>]
- Migrate mapreduce.db package to new name space
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-378'>SQOOP-378</a>]
- Migrate manager package to new name space
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-379'>SQOOP-379</a>]
- Migrate lib and io packages to new name space
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-380'>SQOOP-380</a>]
- Migrate hive and hbase packages to new name space
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-381'>SQOOP-381</a>]
- Migrate cli and config packages to new name space
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-383'>SQOOP-383</a>]
- Version tool is not working.
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-386'>SQOOP-386</a>]
- Namespace migration cleanup
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-388'>SQOOP-388</a>]
- Add license header to Hive testdata
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-389'>SQOOP-389</a>]
- Include change log
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2> Bug
+</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-308'>SQOOP-308</a>]
- Generated Avro Schema cannot handle nullable fields
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-314'>SQOOP-314</a>]
- Basic export hangs when target database does not support INSERT
syntax with multiple rows of values
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-317'>SQOOP-317</a>]
- OracleManager should allow working with tables owned by other users.
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-319'>SQOOP-319</a>]
- The --hive-drop-import-delims option should accept a replacement
string
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-323'>SQOOP-323</a>]
- Support for the NVARCHAR datatype
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-325'>SQOOP-325</a>]
- Sqoop doesn't build on intellij
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-329'>SQOOP-329</a>]
- SQOOP doesn't work with the DB2 JCC driver
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-330'>SQOOP-330</a>]
- Free form query import with column transformation failed without
obvious error message
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-332'>SQOOP-332</a>]
- Cannot use --as-avrodatafile with --query
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-336'>SQOOP-336</a>]
- Avro import does not support varbinary types
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-338'>SQOOP-338</a>]
- NPE after specifying incorrect JDBC credentials
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-339'>SQOOP-339</a>]
- Use of non-portable mknod utility causes build problems on Mac OS X
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-340'>SQOOP-340</a>]
- Rise exception when both --direct and --as--sequencefile or
--as-avrodatafile are given
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-341'>SQOOP-341</a>]
- Sqoop doesn't handle unsigned ints at least with MySQL
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-346'>SQOOP-346</a>]
- Sqoop needs to be using java version 1.6 for its source
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-349'>SQOOP-349</a>]
- A bunch of the fields are wrong in pom.xml
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-358'>SQOOP-358</a>]
- Sqoop import fails on netezza nvarchar datatype with --as-avrodatafile
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-359'>SQOOP-359</a>]
- Import fails with Unknown SQL datatype exception
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-364'>SQOOP-364</a>]
- Default getCurTimestampQuery() in SqlManager is not working for
PostgreSQL
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-368'>SQOOP-368</a>]
- Resolve ERROR tool.ImportTool: Imported Failed: Duplicate Column
identifier specified: 'COLUMN-NAME'
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-373'>SQOOP-373</a>]
- Can only write to default file system on direct import
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-385'>SQOOP-385</a>]
- Typo in PostgresqlTest.java regarding configuring postgresql.conf.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2> Improvement
+</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-303'>SQOOP-303</a>]
- Use Catalog Tables for PostgresqlManager
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-315'>SQOOP-315</a>]
- Update Avro version to 1.5.2
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-316'>SQOOP-316</a>]
- Sqoop user guide should have a troubleshooting section.
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-318'>SQOOP-318</a>]
- Add support for splittable lzo files with Hive
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-320'>SQOOP-320</a>]
- Use Information Schema for SQLServerManager
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-321'>SQOOP-321</a>]
- Support date/time columns for "--incremental append" option
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-326'>SQOOP-326</a>]
- Updgrade Avro dependency to version 1.5.3
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-351'>SQOOP-351</a>]
- Sqoop User Guide's troubleshooting section should include
Case-Sensitive Catalog Query Errors
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-353'>SQOOP-353</a>]
- Cleanup the if/else statement in HiveTypes
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-354'>SQOOP-354</a>]
- SQOOP needs to be made compatible with Hadoop .23 release
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-355'>SQOOP-355</a>]
- improve SQOOP documentation of Avro data file support
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-357'>SQOOP-357</a>]
- To make debugging easier, Sqoop should print out all the exceptions
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-361'>SQOOP-361</a>]
- [Docs] $CONDITIONS must be escaped to not allow shells to replace it.
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-366'>SQOOP-366</a>]
- Sqoop User Guide's troubleshooting section should include MySQL
setup instructions
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2> New Feature
+</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-305'>SQOOP-305</a>]
- Support export from Avro Data Files
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-313'>SQOOP-313</a>]
- Multiple column names to be included in --update-key argument with
SQOOP export (update)
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-327'>SQOOP-327</a>]
- Mixed update/insert export support for OracleManager
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-331'>SQOOP-331</a>]
- Support boundary query on the command line
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-342'>SQOOP-342</a>]
- Allow user to override sqoop type mapping
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-367'>SQOOP-367</a>]
- codegen support free-form query
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2> Task
+</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-302'>SQOOP-302</a>]
- Use Information Schema for MySQLManager
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-309'>SQOOP-309</a>]
- Update Sqoop dependency versions
+</li>
+<li>[<a href='https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SQOOP-310'>SQOOP-310</a>]
- Review license headers
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+</body></html>
+
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+<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Sqoop Developer’s Guide
v1.4.1-incubating</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="docbook.css"
type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets
V1.75.2"></head><body><div style="clear:both; margin-bottom: 4px"></div><div
align="center"><a href="index.html"><img src="images/home.png"
alt="Documentation Home"></a></div><span class="breadcrumbs"><div
class="breadcrumbs"><span class="breadcrumb-node">Sqoop Developer’s Guide
v1.4.1-incubating</span></div></span><div lang="en" class="article"
title="Sqoop Developer’s Guide v1.4.1-incubating"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="id275954"></a>Sqoop
Developer’s Guide v1.4.1-incubating</h2></div></div><hr></div><div
class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#_introduction">1. Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#_
supported_releases">2. Supported Releases</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#_sqoop_releases">3. Sqoop
Releases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_prerequisites">4.
Prerequisites</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#_compiling_sqoop_from_source">5. Compiling Sqoop from
Source</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#_developer_api_reference">6. Developer API
Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#_the_external_api">6.1. The External API</a></span></dt><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#_the_extension_api">6.2. The Extension
API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#_hbase_serialization_extensions">6.2.1. HBase Serialization
Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#_sqoop_internals">6.3. Sqoop Internals</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#_general_program_flow">6.3.1. General program
flow</a></span></dt><dt><span cl
ass="section"><a href="#_subpackages">6.3.2.
Subpackages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#_interfacing_with_mapreduce">6.3.3. Interfacing with
MapReduce</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></div><pre class="screen">
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ limitations under the License.</pre><div class="section"
title="1. Introduction"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"
style="clear: both"><a
name="_introduction"></a>1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p>If you are a
developer or an application programmer who intends to
+modify Sqoop or build an extension using one of Sqoop’s internal APIs,
+you should read this document. The following sections describe the
+purpose of each API, where internal APIs are used, and which APIs are
+necessary for implementing support for additional databases.</p></div><div
class="section" title="2. Supported Releases"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a
name="_supported_releases"></a>2. Supported
Releases</h2></div></div></div><p>This documentation applies to Sqoop
v1.4.1-incubating.</p></div><div class="section" title="3. Sqoop Releases"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a
name="_sqoop_releases"></a>3. Sqoop Releases</h2></div></div></div><p>Apache
Sqoop is an open source software product of The Apache Software Foundation.
+Development for Sqoop occurs at <a class="ulink"
href="http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator/sqoop/trunk";
target="_top">http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator/sqoop/trunk</a>. At
+that site, you can obtain:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul
class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem">
+New releases of Sqoop as well as its most recent source code
+</li><li class="listitem">
+An issue tracker
+</li><li class="listitem">
+A wiki that contains Sqoop documentation
+</li></ul></div></div><div class="section" title="4. Prerequisites"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a
name="_prerequisites"></a>4. Prerequisites</h2></div></div></div><p>The
following prerequisite knowledge is required for Sqoop:</p><div
class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li
class="listitem"><p class="simpara">
+Software development in Java
+</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="circle"><li
class="listitem">
+Familiarity with JDBC
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Familiarity with Hadoop’s APIs (including the "new" MapReduce API of
+ 0.20+)
+</li></ul></div></li><li class="listitem">
+Relational database management systems and SQL
+</li></ul></div><p>This document assumes you are using a Linux or Linux-like
environment.
+If you are using Windows, you may be able to use cygwin to accomplish
+most of the following tasks. If you are using Mac OS X, you should see
+few (if any) compatibility errors. Sqoop is predominantly operated and
+tested on Linux.</p></div><div class="section" title="5. Compiling Sqoop from
Source"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear:
both"><a name="_compiling_sqoop_from_source"></a>5. Compiling Sqoop from
Source</h2></div></div></div><p>You can obtain the source code for Sqoop at:
+<a class="ulink" href="http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator/sqoop/trunk";
target="_top">http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator/sqoop/trunk</a></p><p>Sqoop
source code is held in a <code class="literal">git</code> repository.
Instructions for
+retrieving source from the repository are provided at:
+TODO provide a page in the web site.</p><p>Compilation instructions are
provided in the <code class="literal">COMPILING.txt</code> file in
+the root of the source repository.</p></div><div class="section"
title="6. Developer API Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2
class="title" style="clear: both"><a
name="_developer_api_reference"></a>6. Developer API
Reference</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#_the_external_api">6.1. The External
API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_the_extension_api">6.2.
The Extension API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#_hbase_serialization_extensions">6.2.1. HBase Serialization
Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#_sqoop_internals">6.3. Sqoop Internals</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span
class="section"><a href="#_general_program_flow">6.3.1. General program
flow</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_subpackages">6.3.2.
Subpackages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#_interfacing_with_mapreduce">6.3.3. Interfacing with MapReduc
e</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p>This section specifies the APIs
available to application writers who
+want to integrate with Sqoop, and those who want to modify Sqoop.</p><p>The
next three subsections are written for the following use cases:</p><div
class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem">
+Using classes generated by Sqoop and its public library
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Writing Sqoop extensions (that is, additional ConnManager implementations
+ that interact with more databases)
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Modifying Sqoop’s internals
+</li></ul></div><p>Each section describes the system in successively greater
depth.</p><div class="section" title="6.1. The External API"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a
name="_the_external_api"></a>6.1. The External
API</h3></div></div></div><p>Sqoop automatically generates classes that
represent the tables
+imported into the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). The class
+contains member fields for each column of the imported table; an
+instance of the class holds one row of the table. The generated
+classes implement the serialization APIs used in Hadoop, namely the
+<span class="emphasis"><em>Writable</em></span> and <span
class="emphasis"><em>DBWritable</em></span> interfaces. They also contain these
other
+convenience methods:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist"
type="disc"><li class="listitem">
+A parse() method that interprets delimited text fields
+</li><li class="listitem">
+A toString() method that preserves the user’s chosen delimiters
+</li></ul></div><p>The full set of methods guaranteed to exist in an
auto-generated class
+is specified in the abstract class
+<code
class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop.lib.SqoopRecord</code>.</p><p>Instances of
<code class="literal">SqoopRecord</code> may depend on Sqoop’s public
API. This is all classes
+in the <code class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop.lib</code> package. These are
briefly described below.
+Clients of Sqoop should not need to directly interact with any of these
classes,
+although classes generated by Sqoop will depend on them. Therefore, these APIs
+are considered public and care will be taken when forward-evolving
them.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li
class="listitem">
+The <code class="literal">RecordParser</code> class will parse a line of text
into a list of fields,
+ using controllable delimiters and quote characters.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+The static <code class="literal">FieldFormatter</code> class provides a method
which handles quoting and
+ escaping of characters in a field which will be used in
+ <code class="literal">SqoopRecord.toString()</code> implementations.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Marshaling data between <span class="emphasis"><em>ResultSet</em></span> and
<span class="emphasis"><em>PreparedStatement</em></span> objects and
+ <span class="emphasis"><em>SqoopRecords</em></span> is done via <code
class="literal">JdbcWritableBridge</code>.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">BigDecimalSerializer</code> contains a pair of methods
that facilitate
+ serialization of <code class="literal">BigDecimal</code> objects over the
<span class="emphasis"><em>Writable</em></span> interface.
+</li></ul></div><p>The full specification of the public API is available on
the Sqoop
+Development Wiki as
+<a class="ulink" href="http://wiki.github.com/cloudera/sqoop/sip-4";
target="_top">SIP-4</a>.</p></div><div class="section" title="6.2. The
Extension API"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a
name="_the_extension_api"></a>6.2. The Extension API</h3></div></div></div><div
class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#_hbase_serialization_extensions">6.2.1. HBase Serialization
Extensions</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>This section covers the API and primary
classes used by extensions for Sqoop
+which allow Sqoop to interface with more database vendors.</p><p>While Sqoop
uses JDBC and <code class="literal">DataDrivenDBInputFormat</code> to
+read from databases, differences in the SQL supported by different vendors as
+well as JDBC metadata necessitates vendor-specific codepaths for most
databases.
+Sqoop’s solution to this problem is by introducing the <code
class="literal">ConnManager</code> API
+(<code
class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop.manager.ConnMananger</code>).</p><p><code
class="literal">ConnManager</code> is an abstract class defining all methods
that interact with the
+database itself. Most implementations of <code
class="literal">ConnManager</code> will extend the
+<code class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop.manager.SqlManager</code> abstract
class, which uses standard
+SQL to perform most actions. Subclasses are required to implement the
+<code class="literal">getConnection()</code> method which returns the actual
JDBC connection to the
+database. Subclasses are free to override all other methods as well. The
+<code class="literal">SqlManager</code> class itself exposes a protected API
that allows developers to
+selectively override behavior. For example, the <code
class="literal">getColNamesQuery()</code> method
+allows the SQL query used by <code class="literal">getColNames()</code> to be
modified without needing to
+rewrite the majority of <code
class="literal">getColNames()</code>.</p><p><code
class="literal">ConnManager</code> implementations receive a lot of their
configuration
+data from a Sqoop-specific class, <code class="literal">SqoopOptions</code>.
<code class="literal">SqoopOptions</code> are
+mutable. <code class="literal">SqoopOptions</code> does not directly store
specific per-manager
+options. Instead, it contains a reference to the <code
class="literal">Configuration</code>
+returned by <code class="literal">Tool.getConf()</code> after parsing
command-line arguments with
+the <code class="literal">GenericOptionsParser</code>. This allows extension
arguments via "<code class="literal">-D
+any.specific.param=any.value</code>" without requiring any layering of
+options parsing or modification of <code class="literal">SqoopOptions</code>.
This
+<code class="literal">Configuration</code> forms the basis of the <code
class="literal">Configuration</code> passed to any
+MapReduce <code class="literal">Job</code> invoked in the workflow, so that
users can set on the
+command-line any necessary custom Hadoop state.</p><p>All existing <code
class="literal">ConnManager</code> implementations are stateless. Thus, the
+system which instantiates <code class="literal">ConnManagers</code> may
implement multiple
+instances of the same <code class="literal">ConnMananger</code> class over
Sqoop’s lifetime. It
+is currently assumed that instantiating a <code
class="literal">ConnManager</code> is a
+lightweight operation, and is done reasonably infrequently. Therefore,
+<code class="literal">ConnManagers</code> are not cached between operations,
etc.</p><p><code class="literal">ConnManagers</code> are currently created by
instances of the abstract
+class <code class="literal">ManagerFactory</code> (See
+<a class="ulink" href="http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MAPREDUCE-750";
target="_top">http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MAPREDUCE-750</a>). One
+<code class="literal">ManagerFactory</code> implementation currently serves
all of Sqoop:
+<code class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop.manager.DefaultManagerFactory</code>.
Extensions
+should not modify <code class="literal">DefaultManagerFactory</code>. Instead,
an
+extension-specific <code class="literal">ManagerFactory</code> implementation
should be provided
+with the new <code class="literal">ConnManager</code>. <code
class="literal">ManagerFactory</code> has a single method of
+note, named <code class="literal">accept()</code>. This method will determine
whether it can
+instantiate a <code class="literal">ConnManager</code> for the user’s
<code class="literal">SqoopOptions</code>. If so, it
+returns the <code class="literal">ConnManager</code> instance. Otherwise, it
returns <code class="literal">null</code>.</p><p>The <code
class="literal">ManagerFactory</code> implementations used are governed by the
+<code class="literal">sqoop.connection.factories</code> setting in <code
class="literal">sqoop-site.xml</code>. Users of extension
+libraries can install the 3rd-party library containing a new <code
class="literal">ManagerFactory</code>
+and <code class="literal">ConnManager</code>(s), and configure <code
class="literal">sqoop-site.xml</code> to use the new
+<code class="literal">ManagerFactory</code>. The <code
class="literal">DefaultManagerFactory</code> principly discriminates between
+databases by parsing the connect string stored in <code
class="literal">SqoopOptions</code>.</p><p>Extension authors may make use of
classes in the <code class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop.io</code>,
+<code class="literal">mapreduce</code>, and <code class="literal">util</code>
packages to facilitate their implementations.
+These packages and classes are described in more detail in the following
+section.</p><div class="section" title="6.2.1. HBase Serialization
Extensions"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a
name="_hbase_serialization_extensions"></a>6.2.1. HBase Serialization
Extensions</h4></div></div></div><p>Sqoop supports imports from databases to
HBase. When copying data into
+HBase, it must be transformed into a format HBase can accept.
Specifically:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist"
type="disc"><li class="listitem">
+Data must be placed into one (or more) tables in HBase.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Columns of input data must be placed into a column family.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+Values must be serialized to byte arrays to put into cells.
+</li></ul></div><p>All of this is done via <code class="literal">Put</code>
statements in the HBase client API.
+Sqoop’s interaction with HBase is performed in the <code
class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop.hbase</code>
+package. Records are deserialzed from the database and emitted from the mapper.
+The OutputFormat is responsible for inserting the results into HBase. This is
+done through an interface called <code class="literal">PutTransformer</code>.
The <code class="literal">PutTransformer</code>
+has a method called <code class="literal">getPutCommand()</code> that
+takes as input a <code class="literal">Map<String, Object></code>
representing the fields of the dataset.
+It returns a <code class="literal">List<Put></code> describing how to
insert the cells into HBase.
+The default <code class="literal">PutTransformer</code> implementation is the
<code class="literal">ToStringPutTransformer</code>
+that uses the string-based representation of each field to serialize the
+fields to HBase.</p><p>You can override this implementation by implementing
your own <code class="literal">PutTransformer</code>
+and adding it to the classpath for the map tasks (e.g., with the <code
class="literal">-libjars</code>
+option). To tell Sqoop to use your implementation, set the
+<code class="literal">sqoop.hbase.insert.put.transformer.class</code> property
to identify your class
+with <code class="literal">-D</code>.</p><p>Within your PutTransformer
implementation, the specified row key
+column and column family are
+available via the <code class="literal">getRowKeyColumn()</code> and <code
class="literal">getColumnFamily()</code> methods.
+You are free to make additional Put operations outside these constraints;
+for example, to inject additional rows representing a secondary index.
+However, Sqoop will execute all <code class="literal">Put</code> operations
against the table
+specified with <code class="literal">--hbase-table</code>.</p></div></div><div
class="section" title="6.3. Sqoop Internals"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a
name="_sqoop_internals"></a>6.3. Sqoop Internals</h3></div></div></div><div
class="toc"><dl><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#_general_program_flow">6.3.1. General program
flow</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#_subpackages">6.3.2.
Subpackages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a
href="#_interfacing_with_mapreduce">6.3.3. Interfacing with
MapReduce</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>This section describes the internal
architecture of Sqoop.</p><p>The Sqoop program is driven by the <code
class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop.Sqoop</code> main class.
+A limited number of additional classes are in the same package; <code
class="literal">SqoopOptions</code>
+(described earlier) and <code class="literal">ConnFactory</code> (which
manipulates <code class="literal">ManagerFactory</code>
+instances).</p><div class="section" title="6.3.1. General program flow"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a
name="_general_program_flow"></a>6.3.1. General program
flow</h4></div></div></div><p>The general program flow is as
follows:</p><p><code class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop.Sqoop</code> is the
main class and implements <span class="emphasis"><em>Tool</em></span>. A new
+instance is launched with <code class="literal">ToolRunner</code>. The first
argument to Sqoop is
+a string identifying the name of a <code class="literal">SqoopTool</code> to
run. The <code class="literal">SqoopTool</code>
+itself drives the execution of the user’s requested operation (e.g.,
+import, export, codegen, etc).</p><p>The <code
class="literal">SqoopTool</code> API is specified fully in
+<a class="ulink" href="http://wiki.github.com/cloudera/sqoop/sip-1";
target="_top">SIP-1</a>.</p><p>The chosen <code
class="literal">SqoopTool</code> will parse the remainder of the arguments,
+setting the appropriate fields in the <code
class="literal">SqoopOptions</code> class. It will
+then run its body.</p><p>Then in the SqoopTool’s <code
class="literal">run()</code> method, the import or export or other
+action proper is executed. Typically, a <code
class="literal">ConnManager</code> is then
+instantiated based on the data in the <code
class="literal">SqoopOptions</code>. The
+<code class="literal">ConnFactory</code> is used to get a <code
class="literal">ConnManager</code> from a <code
class="literal">ManagerFactory</code>;
+the mechanics of this were described in an earlier section. Imports
+and exports and other large data motion tasks typically run a
+MapReduce job to operate on a table in a parallel, reliable fashion.
+An import does not specifically need to be run via a MapReduce job;
+the <code class="literal">ConnManager.importTable()</code> method is left to
determine how best
+to run the import. Each main action is actually controlled by the
+<code class="literal">ConnMananger</code>, except for the generating of code,
which is done by
+the <code class="literal">CompilationManager</code> and <code
class="literal">ClassWriter</code>. (Both in the
+<code class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop.orm</code> package.) Importing into
Hive is also
+taken care of via the <code
class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop.hive.HiveImport</code> class
+after the <code class="literal">importTable()</code> has completed. This is
done without concern
+for the <code class="literal">ConnManager</code> implementation used.</p><p>A
ConnManager’s <code class="literal">importTable()</code> method receives
a single argument of
+type <code class="literal">ImportJobContext</code> which contains parameters
to the method. This
+class may be extended with additional parameters in the future, which
+optionally further direct the import operation. Similarly, the
+<code class="literal">exportTable()</code> method receives an argument of type
+<code class="literal">ExportJobContext</code>. These classes contain the name
of the table to
+import/export, a reference to the <code class="literal">SqoopOptions</code>
object, and other
+related data.</p></div><div class="section" title="6.3.2. Subpackages"><div
class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a
name="_subpackages"></a>6.3.2. Subpackages</h4></div></div></div><p>The
following subpackages under <code class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop</code>
exist:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li
class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">hive</code> - Facilitates importing data to Hive.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">io</code> - Implementations of <code
class="literal">java.io.*</code> interfaces (namely, <span
class="emphasis"><em>OutputStream</em></span> and
+ <span class="emphasis"><em>Writer</em></span>).
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">lib</code> - The external public API (described earlier).
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">manager</code> - The <code
class="literal">ConnManager</code> and <code
class="literal">ManagerFactory</code> interface and their
+ implementations.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">mapreduce</code> - Classes interfacing with the new
(0.20+) MapReduce API.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">orm</code> - Code auto-generation.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">tool</code> - Implementations of <code
class="literal">SqoopTool</code>.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">util</code> - Miscellaneous utility classes.
+</li></ul></div><p>The <code class="literal">io</code> package contains <span
class="emphasis"><em>OutputStream</em></span> and <span
class="emphasis"><em>BufferedWriter</em></span> implementations
+used by direct writers to HDFS. The <code
class="literal">SplittableBufferedWriter</code> allows a single
+BufferedWriter to be opened to a client which will, under the hood, write to
+multiple files in series as they reach a target threshold size. This allows
+unsplittable compression libraries (e.g., gzip) to be used in conjunction with
+Sqoop import while still allowing subsequent MapReduce jobs to use multiple
+input splits per dataset. The large object file storage (see
+<a class="ulink" href="http://wiki.github.com/cloudera/sqoop/sip-3";
target="_top">SIP-3</a>) system’s code
+lies in the <code class="literal">io</code> package as well.</p><p>The <code
class="literal">mapreduce</code> package contains code that interfaces directly
with
+Hadoop MapReduce. This package’s contents are described in more detail
+in the next section.</p><p>The <code class="literal">orm</code> package
contains code used for class generation. It depends on the
+JDK’s tools.jar which provides the com.sun.tools.javac
package.</p><p>The <code class="literal">util</code> package contains various
utilities used throughout Sqoop:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul
class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">ClassLoaderStack</code> manages a stack of <code
class="literal">ClassLoader</code> instances used by the
+ current thread. This is principly used to load auto-generated code into the
+ current thread when running MapReduce in local (standalone) mode.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">DirectImportUtils</code> contains convenience methods
used by direct HDFS
+ importers.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">Executor</code> launches external processes and connects
these to stream handlers
+ generated by an AsyncSink (see more detail below).
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">ExportException</code> is thrown by <code
class="literal">ConnManagers</code> when exports fail.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">ImportException</code> is thrown by <code
class="literal">ConnManagers</code> when imports fail.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">JdbcUrl</code> handles parsing of connect strings, which
are URL-like but not
+ specification-conforming. (In particular, JDBC connect strings may have
+ <code class="literal">multi:part:scheme://</code> components.)
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">PerfCounters</code> are used to estimate transfer rates
for display to the user.
+</li><li class="listitem">
+<code class="literal">ResultSetPrinter</code> will pretty-print a <span
class="emphasis"><em>ResultSet</em></span>.
+</li></ul></div><p>In several places, Sqoop reads the stdout from external
processes. The most
+straightforward cases are direct-mode imports as performed by the
+<code class="literal">LocalMySQLManager</code> and <code
class="literal">DirectPostgresqlManager</code>. After a process is spawned by
+<code class="literal">Runtime.exec()</code>, its stdout (<code
class="literal">Process.getInputStream()</code>) and potentially stderr
+(<code class="literal">Process.getErrorStream()</code>) must be handled.
Failure to read enough data from
+both of these streams will cause the external process to block before writing
+more. Consequently, these must both be handled, and preferably
asynchronously.</p><p>In Sqoop parlance, an "async sink" is a thread that takes
an <code class="literal">InputStream</code> and
+reads it to completion. These are realized by <code
class="literal">AsyncSink</code> implementations. The
+<code class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop.util.AsyncSink</code> abstract class
defines the operations
+this factory must perform. <code class="literal">processStream()</code> will
spawn another thread to
+immediately begin handling the data read from the <code
class="literal">InputStream</code> argument; it
+must read this stream to completion. The <code class="literal">join()</code>
method allows external threads
+to wait until this processing is complete.</p><p>Some "stock" <code
class="literal">AsyncSink</code> implementations are provided: the <code
class="literal">LoggingAsyncSink</code> will
+repeat everything on the <code class="literal">InputStream</code> as log4j
INFO statements. The
+<code class="literal">NullAsyncSink</code> consumes all its input and does
nothing.</p><p>The various <code class="literal">ConnManagers</code> that make
use of external processes have their own
+<code class="literal">AsyncSink</code> implementations as inner classes, which
read from the database tools
+and forward the data along to HDFS, possibly performing formatting conversions
+in the meantime.</p></div><div class="section" title="6.3.3. Interfacing with
MapReduce"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a
name="_interfacing_with_mapreduce"></a>6.3.3. Interfacing with
MapReduce</h4></div></div></div><p>Sqoop schedules MapReduce jobs to effect
imports and exports.
+Configuration and execution of MapReduce jobs follows a few common
+steps (configuring the <code class="literal">InputFormat</code>; configuring
the <code class="literal">OutputFormat</code>;
+setting the <code class="literal">Mapper</code> implementation; etc…).
These steps are
+formalized in the <code
class="literal">com.cloudera.sqoop.mapreduce.JobBase</code> class.
+The <code class="literal">JobBase</code> allows a user to specify the <code
class="literal">InputFormat</code>,
+<code class="literal">OutputFormat</code>, and <code
class="literal">Mapper</code> to use.</p><p><code
class="literal">JobBase</code> itself is subclassed by <code
class="literal">ImportJobBase</code> and <code
class="literal">ExportJobBase</code>
+which offer better support for the particular configuration steps
+common to import or export-related jobs, respectively.
+<code class="literal">ImportJobBase.runImport()</code> will call the
configuration steps and run
+a job to import a table to HDFS.</p><p>Subclasses of these base classes exist
as well. For example,
+<code class="literal">DataDrivenImportJob</code> uses the <code
class="literal">DataDrivenDBInputFormat</code> to run an
+import. This is the most common type of import used by the various
+<code class="literal">ConnManager</code> implementations available. MySQL uses
a different class
+(<code class="literal">MySQLDumpImportJob</code>) to run a direct-mode import.
Its custom
+<code class="literal">Mapper</code> and <code
class="literal">InputFormat</code> implementations reside in this package as
+well.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="footer-text"><span
align="center"><a href="index.html"><img src="images/home.png"
alt="Documentation Home"></a></span><br>
+ This document was built from Sqoop source available at
+ <a
href="http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator/sqoop/trunk/";>http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/incubator/sqoop/trunk/</a>.
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