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lukaszlenart pushed a commit to branch WW-5650-json-per-request-reader-writer
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/struts.git

commit b19f51aae431dc8e0606396412ff4842272c54eb
Author: Lukasz Lenart <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Tue Jul 14 09:52:50 2026 +0200

    WW-5650 revert StrutsJSONWriter to plain single-use instance fields
---
 .../org/apache/struts2/json/StrutsJSONWriter.java  | 114 +++++++++------------
 .../apache/struts2/json/StrutsJSONWriterTest.java  |  74 -------------
 2 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 140 deletions(-)

diff --git 
a/plugins/json/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/json/StrutsJSONWriter.java 
b/plugins/json/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/json/StrutsJSONWriter.java
index 59fadd9b3..08feb705e 100644
--- a/plugins/json/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/json/StrutsJSONWriter.java
+++ b/plugins/json/src/main/java/org/apache/struts2/json/StrutsJSONWriter.java
@@ -66,13 +66,9 @@ import java.util.regex.Pattern;
  * Serializes an object into JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). If cyclic
  * references are detected they will be nulled out.
  * </p>
- *
  * <p>
- * A single StrutsJSONWriter instance is shared across all concurrent 
responses handled by a given
- * JSONResult/JSONInterceptor (it is injected once, not created per request), 
so the output buffer,
- * cycle-detection stack and other per-write state are kept in a {@link 
ThreadLocal}, not instance
- * fields -- otherwise two concurrent {@link #write(Object)} calls would 
corrupt each other's output,
- * including returning one request's serialized data as another, unrelated 
request's response.
+ * This writer keeps per-write state in instance fields and is <strong>not 
thread-safe</strong>;
+ * obtain a fresh instance per write (the container serves it as a prototype 
bean). See WW-5650.
  * </p>
  */
 public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
@@ -92,22 +88,17 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
         BEAN_INFO_CACHE.clear();
     }
 
-    private static final class WriteState {
-        private final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
-        private final Deque<Object> stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
-        private Object root;
-        private boolean buildExpr = true;
-        private String exprStack = "";
-        private Collection<Pattern> excludeProperties;
-        private Collection<Pattern> includeProperties;
-        private boolean excludeNullProperties;
-    }
-
-    private static final ThreadLocal<WriteState> WRITE_STATE = new 
ThreadLocal<>();
-
+    private final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+    private final Deque<Object> stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
     private boolean ignoreHierarchy = true;
+    private Object root;
+    private boolean buildExpr = true;
+    private String exprStack = "";
+    private Collection<Pattern> excludeProperties;
+    private Collection<Pattern> includeProperties;
     private DateFormat dateFormat;
     private boolean enumAsBean = ENUM_AS_BEAN_DEFAULT;
+    private boolean excludeNullProperties;
     private boolean excludeProxyProperties;
     private ProxyService proxyService;
 
@@ -142,20 +133,18 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
     @Override
     public String write(Object object, Collection<Pattern> excludeProperties,
                         Collection<Pattern> includeProperties, boolean 
excludeNullProperties) throws JSONException {
-        WriteState state = new WriteState();
-        state.excludeNullProperties = excludeNullProperties;
-        state.root = object;
-        state.buildExpr = ((excludeProperties != null) && 
!excludeProperties.isEmpty())
+        this.excludeNullProperties = excludeNullProperties;
+        this.buf.setLength(0);
+        this.stack.clear();
+        this.root = object;
+        this.exprStack = "";
+        this.buildExpr = ((excludeProperties != null) && 
!excludeProperties.isEmpty())
                 || ((includeProperties != null) && 
!includeProperties.isEmpty());
-        state.excludeProperties = excludeProperties;
-        state.includeProperties = includeProperties;
-        WRITE_STATE.set(state);
-        try {
-            this.value(object, null);
-            return state.buf.toString();
-        } finally {
-            WRITE_STATE.remove();
-        }
+        this.excludeProperties = excludeProperties;
+        this.includeProperties = includeProperties;
+        this.value(object, null);
+
+        return this.buf.toString();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -171,7 +160,7 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
             return;
         }
 
-        if (WRITE_STATE.get().stack.contains(object)) {
+        if (this.stack.contains(object)) {
             Class<?> clazz = object.getClass();
 
             // cyclic reference
@@ -196,8 +185,7 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
      * @throws JSONException in case of error during serialize
      */
     protected void process(Object object, Method method) throws JSONException {
-        WriteState state = WRITE_STATE.get();
-        state.stack.push(object);
+        this.stack.push(object);
 
         if (object instanceof Class) {
             this.string(object);
@@ -229,7 +217,7 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
             processCustom(object, method);
         }
 
-        state.stack.pop();
+        this.stack.pop();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -252,13 +240,12 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
     protected void bean(Object object) throws JSONException {
         this.add("{");
 
-        WriteState state = WRITE_STATE.get();
         BeanInfo info;
 
         try {
             Class<?> clazz = excludeProxyProperties ? 
proxyService.ultimateTargetClass(object) : object.getClass();
 
-            info = ((object == state.root) && this.ignoreHierarchy)
+            info = ((object == this.root) && this.ignoreHierarchy)
                     ? getBeanInfoIgnoreHierarchy(clazz)
                     : getBeanInfo(clazz);
 
@@ -284,7 +271,7 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
                         continue;
                     }
                     String expr = null;
-                    if (state.buildExpr) {
+                    if (this.buildExpr) {
                         expr = this.expandExpr(name);
                         if (this.shouldExcludeProperty(expr)) {
                             continue;
@@ -299,7 +286,7 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
 
                     boolean propertyPrinted = this.add(name, value, accessor, 
hasData);
                     hasData = hasData || propertyPrinted;
-                    if (state.buildExpr) {
+                    if (this.buildExpr) {
                         this.setExprStack(expr);
                     }
                 }
@@ -414,28 +401,25 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
     }
 
     protected String expandExpr(int i) {
-        return WRITE_STATE.get().exprStack + "[" + i + "]";
+        return this.exprStack + "[" + i + "]";
     }
 
     protected String expandExpr(String property) {
-        String exprStack = WRITE_STATE.get().exprStack;
-        if (exprStack.isEmpty()) {
+        if (this.exprStack.isEmpty()) {
             return property;
         }
-        return exprStack + "." + property;
+        return this.exprStack + "." + property;
     }
 
     protected String setExprStack(String expr) {
-        WriteState state = WRITE_STATE.get();
-        String s = state.exprStack;
-        state.exprStack = expr;
+        String s = this.exprStack;
+        this.exprStack = expr;
         return s;
     }
 
     protected boolean shouldExcludeProperty(String expr) {
-        WriteState state = WRITE_STATE.get();
-        if (state.excludeProperties != null) {
-            for (Pattern pattern : state.excludeProperties) {
+        if (this.excludeProperties != null) {
+            for (Pattern pattern : this.excludeProperties) {
                 if (pattern.matcher(expr).matches()) {
                     if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                         LOG.debug("Ignoring property because of exclude rule: 
" + expr);
@@ -445,8 +429,8 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
             }
         }
 
-        if (state.includeProperties != null) {
-            for (Pattern pattern : state.includeProperties) {
+        if (this.includeProperties != null) {
+            for (Pattern pattern : this.includeProperties) {
                 if (pattern.matcher(expr).matches()) {
                     return false;
                 }
@@ -463,7 +447,7 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
      * Add name/value pair to buffer
      */
     protected boolean add(String name, Object value, Method method, boolean 
hasData) throws JSONException {
-        if (WRITE_STATE.get().excludeNullProperties && value == null) {
+        if (excludeNullProperties && value == null) {
             return false;
         }
         if (hasData) {
@@ -482,25 +466,24 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
     protected void map(Map<?, ?> map, Method method) throws JSONException {
         this.add("{");
 
-        WriteState state = WRITE_STATE.get();
         Iterator<?> it = map.entrySet().iterator();
 
         boolean warnedNonString = false; // one report per map
         boolean hasData = false;
         while (it.hasNext()) {
             Map.Entry<?, ?> entry = (Map.Entry<?, ?>) it.next();
-            if (state.excludeNullProperties && entry.getValue() == null) {
+            if (excludeNullProperties && entry.getValue() == null) {
                 continue;
             }
 
             Object key = entry.getKey();
             if (key == null) {
-                LOG.error("Cannot build expression for null key in {}", 
state.exprStack);
+                LOG.error("Cannot build expression for null key in {}", 
exprStack);
                 continue;
             }
 
             String expr = null;
-            if (state.buildExpr) {
+            if (this.buildExpr) {
                 expr = this.expandExpr(key.toString());
                 if (this.shouldExcludeProperty(expr)) {
                     continue;
@@ -520,7 +503,7 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
             this.value(key.toString(), method);
             this.add(":");
             this.value(entry.getValue(), method);
-            if (state.buildExpr) {
+            if (this.buildExpr) {
                 this.setExprStack(expr);
             }
         }
@@ -587,11 +570,10 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
     protected void array(Iterator<?> it, Method method) throws JSONException {
         this.add("[");
 
-        WriteState state = WRITE_STATE.get();
         boolean hasData = false;
         for (int i = 0; it.hasNext(); i++) {
             String expr = null;
-            if (state.buildExpr) {
+            if (this.buildExpr) {
                 expr = this.expandExpr(i);
                 if (this.shouldExcludeProperty(expr)) {
                     it.next();
@@ -604,7 +586,7 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
             }
             hasData = true;
             this.value(it.next(), method);
-            if (state.buildExpr) {
+            if (this.buildExpr) {
                 this.setExprStack(expr);
             }
         }
@@ -618,13 +600,12 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
     protected void array(Object object, Method method) throws JSONException {
         this.add("[");
 
-        WriteState state = WRITE_STATE.get();
         int length = Array.getLength(object);
 
         boolean hasData = false;
         for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
             String expr = null;
-            if (state.buildExpr) {
+            if (this.buildExpr) {
                 expr = this.expandExpr(i);
                 if (this.shouldExcludeProperty(expr)) {
                     continue;
@@ -636,7 +617,7 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
             }
             hasData = true;
             this.value(Array.get(object, i), method);
-            if (state.buildExpr) {
+            if (this.buildExpr) {
                 this.setExprStack(expr);
             }
         }
@@ -692,14 +673,14 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
      * Add object to buffer
      */
     protected void add(Object obj) {
-        WRITE_STATE.get().buf.append(obj);
+        this.buf.append(obj);
     }
 
     /*
      * Add char to buffer
      */
     protected void add(char c) {
-        WRITE_STATE.get().buf.append(c);
+        this.buf.append(c);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -782,4 +763,5 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriter implements JSONWriter {
             return this;
         }
     }
+
 }
diff --git 
a/plugins/json/src/test/java/org/apache/struts2/json/StrutsJSONWriterTest.java 
b/plugins/json/src/test/java/org/apache/struts2/json/StrutsJSONWriterTest.java
index 2239c5f71..acc52dcaa 100644
--- 
a/plugins/json/src/test/java/org/apache/struts2/json/StrutsJSONWriterTest.java
+++ 
b/plugins/json/src/test/java/org/apache/struts2/json/StrutsJSONWriterTest.java
@@ -39,11 +39,6 @@ import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.TimeZone;
-import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
-import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -320,73 +315,4 @@ public class StrutsJSONWriterTest {
         assertTrue(json.contains("\"calendar\":\"2012-12-23T10:10:10\""));
     }
 
-    public static class NamedBean {
-        private final String owner;
-        private final String secret;
-
-        public NamedBean(String owner, String secret) {
-            this.owner = owner;
-            this.secret = secret;
-        }
-
-        public String getOwner() { return owner; }
-        public String getSecret() { return secret; }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * A single StrutsJSONWriter instance is injected once into 
JSONUtil/JSONResult and reused
-     * across every concurrent response handled by that result, so write() 
must be safe to call
-     * concurrently from multiple threads on the same instance without one 
call's output buffer
-     * leaking into -- or being overwritten by -- another call's output.
-     *
-     * <p>Uses a higher thread count than the minimum needed to demonstrate 
the bug: with only two
-     * threads on a machine with many cores, the OS scheduler has no need to 
preempt either thread
-     * mid-call, so the race window is rarely hit and the test can pass even 
against the unpatched
-     * code. Sixteen threads contending for the same instance reproduces the 
corruption reliably.</p>
-     */
-    @Test
-    public void testConcurrentReuseDoesNotSwapResponsesAcrossWrites() throws 
Exception {
-        JSONWriter sharedWriter = new StrutsJSONWriter();
-        int threadCount = 16;
-        int iterations = 20_000;
-        AtomicInteger corrupted = new AtomicInteger();
-        CountDownLatch start = new CountDownLatch(1);
-        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadCount);
-
-        for (int t = 0; t < threadCount; t++) {
-            String secret = "SECRET_" + t + "_9f8e7d6c5b4a3210";
-            NamedBean own = new NamedBean("user" + t, secret);
-            pool.submit(() -> {
-                await(start);
-                for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
-                    try {
-                        String response = sharedWriter.write(own);
-                        if (!response.contains(secret)) {
-                            // this thread's own response doesn't even contain 
its own data:
-                            // the shared buffer was corrupted or overwritten 
by another thread
-                            corrupted.incrementAndGet();
-                        }
-                    } catch (JSONException ignored) {
-                        // a failed serialize under contention is not itself 
the thing measured here
-                    }
-                }
-            });
-        }
-
-        start.countDown();
-        pool.shutdown();
-        assertTrue(pool.awaitTermination(120, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
-
-        assertEquals("a concurrently-written response must never overwrite or 
corrupt this " +
-                "thread's own response", 0, corrupted.get());
-    }
-
-    private static void await(CountDownLatch latch) {
-        try {
-            latch.await();
-        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-        }
-    }
-
 }

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