Modified: websites/production/tapestry/content/tapestry-ioc-overview.html ============================================================================== --- websites/production/tapestry/content/tapestry-ioc-overview.html (original) +++ websites/production/tapestry/content/tapestry-ioc-overview.html Tue Nov 8 12:22:26 2016 @@ -44,18 +44,13 @@ <div class="wrapper bs"> - <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"> -<ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul> -</div></div> + <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"><ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0";>License</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/security/";>Security</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="top"> - <div id="smallbanner"><div class="searchbox" style="float:right;margin: .3em 1em .1em 1em"><span style="color: #999; font-size: 90%">Tapestry docs, issues, wikis & blogs:</span> -<form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get" action="http://tapestry.apache.org/search.html";> - <input type="text" name="q"> - <input type="submit" value="Search"> -</form> - -</div><div class="emblem" style="float:left"><p><a href="index.html"><span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper"><img class="confluence-embedded-image confluence-external-resource" src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png"; data-image-src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png";></span></a></p></div><div class="title" style="float:left; margin: 0 0 0 3em"><h1 id="SmallBanner-PageTitle">Tapestry IoC Overview</h1></div></div> + <div id="smallbanner"><div class="searchbox" style="float:right;margin: .3em 1em .1em 1em"><span style="color: #999; font-size: 90%">Tapestry docs, issues, wikis & blogs:</span><form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get" action="http://tapestry.apache.org/search.html";> + <input type="text" name="q"> + <input type="submit" value="Search"> +</form></div><div class="emblem" style="float:left"><p><a href="index.html"><span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper"><img class="confluence-embedded-image confluence-external-resource" src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png"; data-image-src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png";></span></a></p></div><div class="title" style="float:left; margin: 0 0 0 3em"><h1 id="SmallBanner-PageTitle">Tapestry IoC Overview</h1></div></div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> @@ -67,46 +62,25 @@ </div> <div id="content"> - <div id="ConfluenceContent"><p>Even today, with the overwhelming success of <a class="external-link" href="http://www.springframework.org"; rel="nofollow">Spring</a> and the rise of smaller, simpler approaches to building applications (in contrast to the heavyweight EJB 2.0 approach), many people still have trouble wrapping their heads around Inversion of Control.</p><p>Really understanding IoC is a new step for many developers. If you can remember back to when you made the transition from procedural programming (in C, or BASIC) to object oriented programming, you might remember the point where you "got it". The point where it made sense to have methods on objects, and data inside objects.</p><p>Inversion of Control builds upon those ideas. The goal is to make code more robust (that is, with fewer errors), more reusable and much easier to test.</p><p>Prior to IoC approaches, most developers were used to a more <em>monolithic</em> design, with a few core objects and a <code>main()</code> method somewhere that starts the ball rolling. <code>main()</code> instantiates the first couple of classes, and those classes end up instantiating and using all the other classes in the system.</p><p>That's an <em>unmanaged</em> system. Most desktop applications are unmanaged, so it's a very familiar pattern, and easy to get your head around.</p><p>By contrast, web applications are a <em>managed</em> environment. You don't write a main(), you don't control startup. You <em>configure</em> the Servlet API to tell it about your servlet classes to be instantiated, and their life cycle is totally controlled by the servlet container.</p><p>Inversion of Control is just a more general application of this approach. The container is ultimately responsible for instantiating and configuring the objects you tell it about, and running their entire life cycle of those objects.</p><p>Web applications are more complicated to write than monolithic applications, largely because o f <em>multithreading</em>. Your code will be servicing many different users simultaneously across many different threads. This tends to complicate the code you write, since some fundamental aspects of object oriented development get called into question: in particular, the use of <em>internal state</em> (values stored inside instance variables), since in a multithreaded environment, that's no longer the safe place it is in traditional development. Shared objects plus internal state plus multiple threads equals an broken, unpredictable application.</p><p>Frameworks such as Tapestry – both the IoC container, and the web framework itself – exist to help.</p><p>When thinking in terms of IoC, <strong>small is beautiful</strong>. What does that mean? It means small classes and small methods are easier to code than large ones. At one extreme, we have servlets circa 1997 (and Visual Basic before that) with methods a thousand lines long, and no distinction between business logic and view logic. Everything mixed together into an untestable jumble.</p><p>At the other extreme is IoC: small objects, each with a specific purpose, collaborating with other small objects.</p><p>Using unit tests, in collaboration with tools such as <a class="external-link" href="http://easymock.org/"; rel="nofollow">EasyMock</a>, you can have a code base that is easy to maintain, easy to extend, and easy to test. And by factoring out a lot of <em>plumbing</em> code, your code base will not only be easier to work with, it will be smaller.</p><h2 id="TapestryIoCOverview-LivingontheFrontier">Living on the Frontier</h2><p>Coding applications the traditional way is like being a homesteader on the American frontier in the 1800's. You're responsible for every aspect of your house: every board, every nail, every stick of furniture is something you personally created. There <em>is</em> a great comfort in total self reliance. Even if your house is small, the windows are a bit drafty or the fl oorboards creak a little, you know exactly <em>why</em> things are not-quite perfect.</p><p>Flash forward to modern cities or modern suburbia and it's a whole different story. Houses are built to specification from design plans, made from common materials, by many specializing tradespeople. Construction codes dictate how plumbing, wiring and framing should be performed. A home-owner may not even know how to drive a nail, but can still take comfort in draft-free windows, solid floors and working plumbing.</p><p>To extend the metaphor, a house in a town is not alone and self-reliant the way a frontier house is. The town house is situated on a street, in a neighborhood, within a town. The town provides services (utilities, police, fire control, streets and sewers) to houses in a uniform way. Each house just needs to connect up to those services.</p><h2 id="TapestryIoCOverview-TheWorldoftheContainer">The World of the Container</h2><p>So the IoC container is the "town" and in the world o f the IoC container, everything has a name, a place, and a relationship to everything else in the container. Tapestry calls this world "The Registry".</p><p><span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper"><img class="confluence-embedded-image" src="tapestry-ioc-overview.data/ioc-overview.png"></span></p><p>Here we're seeing a few services from the built-in Tapestry IoC module, and a few of the services from the Tapestry web framework module. In fact, there are over 100 services, all interrelated, in the Registry ... and that's before you add your own to the mix. The IoC Registry treats all the services uniformly, regardless of whether they are part of Tapestry, or part of your application, or part of an add-on library.</p><p>Tapestry IoC's job is to make all of these services available to each other, and to the outside world. The outside world could be a standalone application, or it could be an application built on top of the Tapestry web framework.</p><h2 id="TapestryIoCOverview-Se rviceLifeCycle">Service Life Cycle</h2><p>Tapestry services are <em>lazy</em>, which means they are not fully instantiated until they are absolutely needed. Often, what looks like a service is really a proxy object ... the first time any method of the proxy is invoked, the actual service is instantiated and initialized (Tapestry uses the term <em>realized</em> for this process). Of course, this is all absolutely thread-safe.</p><p>Initially a service is <em>defined</em>, meaning some module has defined the service. Later, the service will be <em>virtual</em>, meaning a proxy has been created. This occurs most often because some other service <em>depends</em> on it, but hasn't gotten around to invoking methods on it. Finally, a service that is ready to use is <em>realized</em>. What's nice is that your code neither knows nor cares about the life cycle of the service, because of the magic of the proxy.</p><p>In fact, when a Tapestry web application starts up, before it services its fi rst request, only about 20% of the services have been realized; the remainder are defined or virtual.</p><h2 id="TapestryIoCOverview-Classvs.Service">Class vs. Service</h2><p>A Tapestry service is more than just a class. First of all, it is a combination of an <em>interface</em> that defines the operations of the service, and an <em>implementation class</em> that implements the interface.</p><p>Why this extra division? Having a service interface is what lets Tapestry create proxies and perform other operations. It's also a very good practice to code to an interface, rather than a specific implementation. You'll often be surprised at the kinds of things you can accomplish by substituting one implementation for another.</p><p>Tapestry is also very aware that a service will have dependencies on other services. It may also have other needs ... for example, in Tapestry IoC, the container provides services with access to Loggers.</p><p>Tapestry IoC also has support for other configuration that may be provided to services when they are realized.</p><h2 id="TapestryIoCOverview-DependencyInjection">Dependency Injection</h2><p>Main Article: <a href="injection.html">Injection</a></p><div class="aui-label" style="float:right" title="Related Articles"> - - - - - - - - -<h3>Related Articles</h3> - -<ul class="content-by-label"><li> - <div> - <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> </div> - - <div class="details"> - <a href="injection-in-detail.html">Injection in Detail</a> - - - </div> - </li><li> - <div> - <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> </div> - - <div class="details"> - <a href="injection-faq.html">Injection FAQ</a> - - - </div> - </li><li> - <div> - <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> </div> - - <div class="details"> - <a href="injection.html">Injection</a> - - - </div> - </li></ul> -</div><p>Inversion of Control refers to the fact that the container, here Tapestry IoC's Registry, instantiates your classes. It decides on when the classes get instantiated.</p><p>Dependency Injection is a key part of <em>realization</em>: this is how a service is provided with the other services it needs to operate. For example, a Data Access Object service may be injected with a ConnectionPool service.</p><p>In Tapestry, injection occurs through constructors, through parameters to service builder methods, or through direct injection into fields. Tapestry prefers constructor injection, as this emphasizes that dependencies should be stored in <strong>final</strong> variables. This is the best approach towards ensuring thread safety.</p><p>In any case, injection "just happens". Tapestry finds the constructor of your class and analyzes the parameters to determine what to pass in. In some cases, it uses just the parameter type to find a match, in other cases, annotations on the parame ters may also be used. It also scans through the fields of your service implementation class to identify which should have injected values written into them.</p><h2 id="TapestryIoCOverview-Whycan'tIjustusenew?">Why can't I just use <code>new</code>?</h2><p>That's a common question. All these concepts seem alien at first. What's wrong with <code>new</code>?</p><p>The problem with new is that it rigidly connects one implementation to another implementation. Let's follow a progression that reflects how a lot of projects get written. It will show that in the real world, <code>new</code> is not as simple as it first seems.</p><p>This example is built around some real-world work that involves a Java Messaging Service queue, part of an application performance monitoring subsystem for a large application. Code inside each server collects performance data of various types and sends it, via a shared JMS queue, to a central server for collection and reporting.</p><p>This code is for a metric t hat periodically counts the number of rows in a key database table. Other implementations of MetricProducer will be responsible for measuring CPU utilization, available disk space, number of requests per second, and so forth.</p><div class="code panel pdl" style="border-width: 1px;"><div class="codeContent panelContent pdl"> + <div id="ConfluenceContent"><p>Even today, with the overwhelming success of <a class="external-link" href="http://www.springframework.org"; rel="nofollow">Spring</a> and the rise of smaller, simpler approaches to building applications (in contrast to the heavyweight EJB 2.0 approach), many people still have trouble wrapping their heads around Inversion of Control.</p><p>Really understanding IoC is a new step for many developers. If you can remember back to when you made the transition from procedural programming (in C, or BASIC) to object oriented programming, you might remember the point where you "got it". The point where it made sense to have methods on objects, and data inside objects.</p><p>Inversion of Control builds upon those ideas. The goal is to make code more robust (that is, with fewer errors), more reusable and much easier to test.</p><p>Prior to IoC approaches, most developers were used to a more <em>monolithic</em> design, with a few core objects and a <code>main()</code> method somewhere that starts the ball rolling. <code>main()</code> instantiates the first couple of classes, and those classes end up instantiating and using all the other classes in the system.</p><p>That's an <em>unmanaged</em> system. Most desktop applications are unmanaged, so it's a very familiar pattern, and easy to get your head around.</p><p>By contrast, web applications are a <em>managed</em> environment. You don't write a main(), you don't control startup. You <em>configure</em> the Servlet API to tell it about your servlet classes to be instantiated, and their life cycle is totally controlled by the servlet container.</p><p>Inversion of Control is just a more general application of this approach. The container is ultimately responsible for instantiating and configuring the objects you tell it about, and running their entire life cycle of those objects.</p><p>Web applications are more complicated to write than monolithic applications, largely because o f <em>multithreading</em>. Your code will be servicing many different users simultaneously across many different threads. This tends to complicate the code you write, since some fundamental aspects of object oriented development get called into question: in particular, the use of <em>internal state</em> (values stored inside instance variables), since in a multithreaded environment, that's no longer the safe place it is in traditional development. Shared objects plus internal state plus multiple threads equals an broken, unpredictable application.</p><p>Frameworks such as Tapestry – both the IoC container, and the web framework itself – exist to help.</p><p>When thinking in terms of IoC, <strong>small is beautiful</strong>. What does that mean? It means small classes and small methods are easier to code than large ones. At one extreme, we have servlets circa 1997 (and Visual Basic before that) with methods a thousand lines long, and no distinction between business logic and view logic. Everything mixed together into an untestable jumble.</p><p>At the other extreme is IoC: small objects, each with a specific purpose, collaborating with other small objects.</p><p>Using unit tests, in collaboration with tools such as <a class="external-link" href="http://easymock.org/"; rel="nofollow">EasyMock</a>, you can have a code base that is easy to maintain, easy to extend, and easy to test. And by factoring out a lot of <em>plumbing</em> code, your code base will not only be easier to work with, it will be smaller.</p><h2 id="TapestryIoCOverview-LivingontheFrontier">Living on the Frontier</h2><p>Coding applications the traditional way is like being a homesteader on the American frontier in the 1800's. You're responsible for every aspect of your house: every board, every nail, every stick of furniture is something you personally created. There <em>is</em> a great comfort in total self reliance. Even if your house is small, the windows are a bit drafty or the fl oorboards creak a little, you know exactly <em>why</em> things are not-quite perfect.</p><p>Flash forward to modern cities or modern suburbia and it's a whole different story. Houses are built to specification from design plans, made from common materials, by many specializing tradespeople. Construction codes dictate how plumbing, wiring and framing should be performed. A home-owner may not even know how to drive a nail, but can still take comfort in draft-free windows, solid floors and working plumbing.</p><p>To extend the metaphor, a house in a town is not alone and self-reliant the way a frontier house is. The town house is situated on a street, in a neighborhood, within a town. The town provides services (utilities, police, fire control, streets and sewers) to houses in a uniform way. Each house just needs to connect up to those services.</p><h2 id="TapestryIoCOverview-TheWorldoftheContainer">The World of the Container</h2><p>So the IoC container is the "town" and in the world o f the IoC container, everything has a name, a place, and a relationship to everything else in the container. Tapestry calls this world "The Registry".</p><p><span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper"><img class="confluence-embedded-image" src="tapestry-ioc-overview.data/ioc-overview.png"></span></p><p>Here we're seeing a few services from the built-in Tapestry IoC module, and a few of the services from the Tapestry web framework module. In fact, there are over 100 services, all interrelated, in the Registry ... and that's before you add your own to the mix. The IoC Registry treats all the services uniformly, regardless of whether they are part of Tapestry, or part of your application, or part of an add-on library.</p><p>Tapestry IoC's job is to make all of these services available to each other, and to the outside world. The outside world could be a standalone application, or it could be an application built on top of the Tapestry web framework.</p><h2 id="TapestryIoCOverview-Se rviceLifeCycle">Service Life Cycle</h2><p>Tapestry services are <em>lazy</em>, which means they are not fully instantiated until they are absolutely needed. Often, what looks like a service is really a proxy object ... the first time any method of the proxy is invoked, the actual service is instantiated and initialized (Tapestry uses the term <em>realized</em> for this process). Of course, this is all absolutely thread-safe.</p><p>Initially a service is <em>defined</em>, meaning some module has defined the service. Later, the service will be <em>virtual</em>, meaning a proxy has been created. This occurs most often because some other service <em>depends</em> on it, but hasn't gotten around to invoking methods on it. Finally, a service that is ready to use is <em>realized</em>. What's nice is that your code neither knows nor cares about the life cycle of the service, because of the magic of the proxy.</p><p>In fact, when a Tapestry web application starts up, before it services its fi rst request, only about 20% of the services have been realized; the remainder are defined or virtual.</p><h2 id="TapestryIoCOverview-Classvs.Service">Class vs. Service</h2><p>A Tapestry service is more than just a class. First of all, it is a combination of an <em>interface</em> that defines the operations of the service, and an <em>implementation class</em> that implements the interface.</p><p>Why this extra division? Having a service interface is what lets Tapestry create proxies and perform other operations. It's also a very good practice to code to an interface, rather than a specific implementation. You'll often be surprised at the kinds of things you can accomplish by substituting one implementation for another.</p><p>Tapestry is also very aware that a service will have dependencies on other services. It may also have other needs ... for example, in Tapestry IoC, the container provides services with access to Loggers.</p><p>Tapestry IoC also has support for other configuration that may be provided to services when they are realized.</p><h2 id="TapestryIoCOverview-DependencyInjection">Dependency Injection</h2><p>Main Article: <a href="injection.html">Injection</a></p><div class="aui-label" style="float:right" title="Related Articles"><h3>Related Articles</h3><ul class="content-by-label"><li> + <div> + <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> + </div> + <div class="details"> + <a href="injection-in-detail.html">Injection in Detail</a> + </div> </li><li> + <div> + <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> + </div> + <div class="details"> + <a href="injection-faq.html">Injection FAQ</a> + </div> </li><li> + <div> + <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> + </div> + <div class="details"> + <a href="injection.html">Injection</a> + </div> </li></ul></div><p>Inversion of Control refers to the fact that the container, here Tapestry IoC's Registry, instantiates your classes. It decides on when the classes get instantiated.</p><p>Dependency Injection is a key part of <em>realization</em>: this is how a service is provided with the other services it needs to operate. For example, a Data Access Object service may be injected with a ConnectionPool service.</p><p>In Tapestry, injection occurs through constructors, through parameters to service builder methods, or through direct injection into fields. Tapestry prefers constructor injection, as this emphasizes that dependencies should be stored in <strong>final</strong> variables. This is the best approach towards ensuring thread safety.</p><p>In any case, injection "just happens". Tapestry finds the constructor of your class and analyzes the parameters to determine what to pass in. In some cases, it uses just the parameter type to find a match, in other cases, annota tions on the parameters may also be used. It also scans through the fields of your service implementation class to identify which should have injected values written into them.</p><h2 id="TapestryIoCOverview-Whycan'tIjustusenew?">Why can't I just use <code>new</code>?</h2><p>That's a common question. All these concepts seem alien at first. What's wrong with <code>new</code>?</p><p>The problem with new is that it rigidly connects one implementation to another implementation. Let's follow a progression that reflects how a lot of projects get written. It will show that in the real world, <code>new</code> is not as simple as it first seems.</p><p>This example is built around some real-world work that involves a Java Messaging Service queue, part of an application performance monitoring subsystem for a large application. Code inside each server collects performance data of various types and sends it, via a shared JMS queue, to a central server for collection and reporting.</p><p>This cod e is for a metric that periodically counts the number of rows in a key database table. Other implementations of MetricProducer will be responsible for measuring CPU utilization, available disk space, number of requests per second, and so forth.</p><div class="code panel pdl" style="border-width: 1px;"><div class="codeContent panelContent pdl"> <pre class="brush: java; gutter: false; theme: Default" style="font-size:12px;">public class TableMetricProducer implements MetricProducer { . . .
Modified: websites/production/tapestry/content/tapestry-tutorial.html ============================================================================== --- websites/production/tapestry/content/tapestry-tutorial.html (original) +++ websites/production/tapestry/content/tapestry-tutorial.html Tue Nov 8 12:22:26 2016 @@ -36,18 +36,13 @@ <div class="wrapper bs"> - <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"> -<ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul> -</div></div> + <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"><ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0";>License</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/security/";>Security</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="top"> - <div id="smallbanner"><div class="searchbox" style="float:right;margin: .3em 1em .1em 1em"><span style="color: #999; font-size: 90%">Tapestry docs, issues, wikis & blogs:</span> -<form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get" action="http://tapestry.apache.org/search.html";> - <input type="text" name="q"> - <input type="submit" value="Search"> -</form> - -</div><div class="emblem" style="float:left"><p><a href="index.html"><span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper"><img class="confluence-embedded-image confluence-external-resource" src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png"; data-image-src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png";></span></a></p></div><div class="title" style="float:left; margin: 0 0 0 3em"><h1 id="SmallBanner-PageTitle">Tapestry Tutorial</h1></div></div> + <div id="smallbanner"><div class="searchbox" style="float:right;margin: .3em 1em .1em 1em"><span style="color: #999; font-size: 90%">Tapestry docs, issues, wikis & blogs:</span><form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get" action="http://tapestry.apache.org/search.html";> + <input type="text" name="q"> + <input type="submit" value="Search"> +</form></div><div class="emblem" style="float:left"><p><a href="index.html"><span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper"><img class="confluence-embedded-image confluence-external-resource" src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png"; data-image-src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png";></span></a></p></div><div class="title" style="float:left; margin: 0 0 0 3em"><h1 id="SmallBanner-PageTitle">Tapestry Tutorial</h1></div></div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> @@ -59,64 +54,37 @@ </div> <div id="content"> - <div id="ConfluenceContent"><div class="aui-label" style="float:right" title="Related Articles"> - - - - - - - - -<h3>Related Articles</h3> - -<ul class="content-by-label"><li> - <div> - <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> </div> - - <div class="details"> - <a href="tapestry-for-jsf-users.html">Tapestry for JSF Users</a> - - - </div> - </li><li> - <div> - <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> </div> - - <div class="details"> - <a href="tapestry-tutorial.html">Tapestry Tutorial</a> - - - </div> - </li><li> - <div> - <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> </div> - - <div class="details"> - <a href="principles.html">Principles</a> - - - </div> - </li><li> - <div> - <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> </div> - - <div class="details"> - <a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a> - - - </div> - </li><li> - <div> - <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> </div> - - <div class="details"> - <a href="introduction.html">Introduction</a> - - - </div> - </li></ul> -</div><h1 id="TapestryTutorial-TableofContents">Table of Contents</h1><p></p><ul class="childpages-macro"><li><a href="dependencies-tools-and-plugins.html">Dependencies, Tools and Plugins</a></li><li><a href="creating-the-skeleton-application.html">Creating The Skeleton Application</a></li><li><a href="exploring-the-project.html">Exploring the Project</a></li><li><a href="implementing-the-hi-lo-guessing-game.html">Implementing the Hi-Lo Guessing Game</a></li><li><a href="using-beaneditform-to-create-user-forms.html">Using BeanEditForm To Create User Forms</a></li><li><a href="using-tapestry-with-hibernate.html">Using Tapestry With Hibernate</a></li></ul><h1 id="TapestryTutorial-Introduction">Introduction</h1><p>Welcome to Tapestry!</p><p>This is a tutorial for people who will be creating Tapestry web applications. It doesn't matter whether you have experience with earlier versions of Tapestry or other web frameworks. In fact, in some ways, the less you know about web developme nt in general, the better off you may be ... that much less to unlearn!</p><p>You do need to have a reasonable understanding of HTML, a smattering of XML, and a good understanding of basic Java language features, including Annotations.</p><h1 id="TapestryTutorial-TheChallengesofWebApplicationDevelopment">The Challenges of Web Application Development</h1><p>If you're used to developing web applications using servlets and JSPs, or with Struts, you are simply used to a lot of pain. So much pain, you may not even understand the dire situation you are in! These are environments with no safety net; Struts and the Servlet API have no idea how your application is structured, or how the different pieces fit together. Any URL can be an action and any action can forward to any view (usually a JSP) to provide an HTML response to the web browser. The pain is the unending series of small, yet important, decisions you have to make as a developer (and communicate to the rest of your team). What are the naming conventions for actions, for pages, for attributes stored in the HttpSession or HttpServletRequest? Where do cross-cutting concerns such as database transactions, caching and security get implemented (and do you have to cut-and-paste Java or XML to make it work?) How are your packages organized ... where to the user interface classes go, and where do the data and entity objects go? How do you share code from one part of your application to another?</p><p>On top of all that, the traditional approaches thrust something most unwanted in your face: <em>multi-threaded coding</em>. Remember back to Object Oriented Programming 101 where an object was defined as a bundle of data and operations on that data? You have to unlearn that lesson as soon as you build a traditional web application, because web applications are multi-threaded. An application server could be handling dozens or hundreds of requests from individual users, each in their own thread, and each sharing the exact same objects. Suddenly, you can't store data inside an object (a servlet or a Struts Action) because whatever data you store for one user will be instantly overwritten by some other user.</p><p>Worse, your objects each have only one operation: <code>doGet()</code> or <code>doPost()</code>.</p><p>Meanwhile, most of your day-to-day work involves deciding how to package up some data already inside a particular Java object and squeeze that data into a URL's query parameters, so that you can write more code to convert it back if the user clicks that particular link. And don't forget editing a bunch of XML files to keep the servlet container, or the Struts framework, aware of these decisions.</p><p>Just for laughs, remember that you have to rebuild, redeploy and restart your application after virtually any change. Is any of this familiar? Then perhaps you'd appreciate something a little <em>less</em> familiar: Tapestry.</p><h1 id="TapestryTutorial-TheTapestryWay">The Tapestry Way</h1><p>T apestry uses a very different model: a structured, organized world of pages, and components within pages. Everything has a very specific name (that you provide). Once you know the name of a page, you know the location of the Java class for that page, the location of the template for that page, and the total structure of the page. Tapestry knows all this as well, and can make things <strong>just work</strong>.</p><p>As we'll see in the following pages, Tapestry lets you code in terms of your objects. You'll barely see any Tapestry classes, outside of a few Java annotations. If you have information to store, store it as fields of your classes, not inside the HttpServletRequest or HttpSession. If you need some code to execute, it's just a simple annotation or method naming convention to get Tapestry to invoke that method, at the right time, with the right data. The methods don't even have to be public!</p><p>Tapestry also shields you from most of the multi-threaded aspects of web appli cation development. Tapestry manages the life cycle of your page and components objects, and the fields of the pages and components, in a thread-safe way. Your page and component classes always look like simple, standard <a class="external-link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_Old_Java_Object"; rel="nofollow">POJOs</a>.</p><p>Tapestry began in January 2000, and it now reflects over fifteen years of experience of the entire Tapestry community. Tapestry brings to the table all that experience about the best ways to build scalable, maintainable, robust, internationalized, and Ajax-enabled applications. Tapestry 5 represents a completely new code base (compared to Tapestry 4) designed to simplify the Tapestry coding model while at the same time extending the power of Tapestry and improving performance.</p><h1 id="TapestryTutorial-GettingtheTutorialSource">Getting the Tutorial Source</h1><p>Although you won't need it, the source code for this tutorial is available on <a class=" external-link" href="https://github.com/hlship/tapestry5-tutorial"; rel="nofollow">GitHub</a>.</p><h1 id="TapestryTutorial-TimetoBegin">Time to Begin</h1><p>Okay, enough background. Now let's get started on the tutorial: <a href="dependencies-tools-and-plugins.html">Dependencies, Tools and Plugins</a></p><p> </p></div> + <div id="ConfluenceContent"><div class="aui-label" style="float:right" title="Related Articles"><h3>Related Articles</h3><ul class="content-by-label"><li> + <div> + <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> + </div> + <div class="details"> + <a href="tapestry-for-jsf-users.html">Tapestry for JSF Users</a> + </div> </li><li> + <div> + <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> + </div> + <div class="details"> + <a href="tapestry-tutorial.html">Tapestry Tutorial</a> + </div> </li><li> + <div> + <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> + </div> + <div class="details"> + <a href="principles.html">Principles</a> + </div> </li><li> + <div> + <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> + </div> + <div class="details"> + <a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a> + </div> </li><li> + <div> + <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> + </div> + <div class="details"> + <a href="introduction.html">Introduction</a> + </div> </li></ul></div><h1 id="TapestryTutorial-TableofContents">Table of Contents</h1><p></p><ul class="childpages-macro"><li><a href="dependencies-tools-and-plugins.html">Dependencies, Tools and Plugins</a></li><li><a href="creating-the-skeleton-application.html">Creating The Skeleton Application</a></li><li><a href="exploring-the-project.html">Exploring the Project</a></li><li><a href="implementing-the-hi-lo-guessing-game.html">Implementing the Hi-Lo Guessing Game</a></li><li><a href="using-beaneditform-to-create-user-forms.html">Using BeanEditForm To Create User Forms</a></li><li><a href="using-tapestry-with-hibernate.html">Using Tapestry With Hibernate</a></li></ul><h1 id="TapestryTutorial-Introduction">Introduction</h1><p>Welcome to Tapestry!</p><p>This is a tutorial for people who will be creating Tapestry web applications. It doesn't matter whether you have experience with earlier versions of Tapestry or other web frameworks. In fact, in some ways, the less you know about web development in general, the better off you may be ... that much less to unlearn!</p><p>You do need to have a reasonable understanding of HTML, a smattering of XML, and a good understanding of basic Java language features, including Annotations.</p><h1 id="TapestryTutorial-TheChallengesofWebApplicationDevelopment">The Challenges of Web Application Development</h1><p>If you're used to developing web applications using servlets and JSPs, or with Struts, you are simply used to a lot of pain. So much pain, you may not even understand the dire situation you are in! These are environments with no safety net; Struts and the Servlet API have no idea how your application is structured, or how the different pieces fit together. Any URL can be an action and any action can forward to any view (usually a JSP) to provide an HTML response to the web browser. The pain is the unending series of small, yet important, decisions you have to make as a developer (and communicate to the rest of y our team). What are the naming conventions for actions, for pages, for attributes stored in the HttpSession or HttpServletRequest? Where do cross-cutting concerns such as database transactions, caching and security get implemented (and do you have to cut-and-paste Java or XML to make it work?) How are your packages organized ... where to the user interface classes go, and where do the data and entity objects go? How do you share code from one part of your application to another?</p><p>On top of all that, the traditional approaches thrust something most unwanted in your face: <em>multi-threaded coding</em>. Remember back to Object Oriented Programming 101 where an object was defined as a bundle of data and operations on that data? You have to unlearn that lesson as soon as you build a traditional web application, because web applications are multi-threaded. An application server could be handling dozens or hundreds of requests from individual users, each in their own thread, and each sharing the exact same objects. Suddenly, you can't store data inside an object (a servlet or a Struts Action) because whatever data you store for one user will be instantly overwritten by some other user.</p><p>Worse, your objects each have only one operation: <code>doGet()</code> or <code>doPost()</code>.</p><p>Meanwhile, most of your day-to-day work involves deciding how to package up some data already inside a particular Java object and squeeze that data into a URL's query parameters, so that you can write more code to convert it back if the user clicks that particular link. And don't forget editing a bunch of XML files to keep the servlet container, or the Struts framework, aware of these decisions.</p><p>Just for laughs, remember that you have to rebuild, redeploy and restart your application after virtually any change. Is any of this familiar? Then perhaps you'd appreciate something a little <em>less</em> familiar: Tapestry.</p><h1 id="TapestryTutorial-TheTapestryWay">The Ta pestry Way</h1><p>Tapestry uses a very different model: a structured, organized world of pages, and components within pages. Everything has a very specific name (that you provide). Once you know the name of a page, you know the location of the Java class for that page, the location of the template for that page, and the total structure of the page. Tapestry knows all this as well, and can make things <strong>just work</strong>.</p><p>As we'll see in the following pages, Tapestry lets you code in terms of your objects. You'll barely see any Tapestry classes, outside of a few Java annotations. If you have information to store, store it as fields of your classes, not inside the HttpServletRequest or HttpSession. If you need some code to execute, it's just a simple annotation or method naming convention to get Tapestry to invoke that method, at the right time, with the right data. The methods don't even have to be public!</p><p>Tapestry also shields you from most of the multi-threaded a spects of web application development. Tapestry manages the life cycle of your page and components objects, and the fields of the pages and components, in a thread-safe way. Your page and component classes always look like simple, standard <a class="external-link" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_Old_Java_Object"; rel="nofollow">POJOs</a>.</p><p>Tapestry began in January 2000, and it now reflects over fifteen years of experience of the entire Tapestry community. Tapestry brings to the table all that experience about the best ways to build scalable, maintainable, robust, internationalized, and Ajax-enabled applications. Tapestry 5 represents a completely new code base (compared to Tapestry 4) designed to simplify the Tapestry coding model while at the same time extending the power of Tapestry and improving performance.</p><h1 id="TapestryTutorial-GettingtheTutorialSource">Getting the Tutorial Source</h1><p>Although you won't need it, the source code for this tutorial is avail able on <a class="external-link" href="https://github.com/hlship/tapestry5-tutorial"; rel="nofollow">GitHub</a>.</p><h1 id="TapestryTutorial-TimetoBegin">Time to Begin</h1><p>Okay, enough background. Now let's get started on the tutorial: <a href="dependencies-tools-and-plugins.html">Dependencies, Tools and Plugins</a></p><p> </p></div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> Modified: websites/production/tapestry/content/templating-and-markup-faq.html ============================================================================== --- websites/production/tapestry/content/templating-and-markup-faq.html (original) +++ websites/production/tapestry/content/templating-and-markup-faq.html Tue Nov 8 12:22:26 2016 @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ <div class="wrapper bs"> - <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"><ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul></div></div> + <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"><ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0";>License</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/security/";>Security</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="top"> <div id="smallbanner"><div class="searchbox" style="float:right;margin: .3em 1em .1em 1em"><span style="color: #999; font-size: 90%">Tapestry docs, issues, wikis & blogs:</span><form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get" action="http://tapestry.apache.org/search.html";> Modified: websites/production/tapestry/content/test-page-2.html ============================================================================== --- websites/production/tapestry/content/test-page-2.html (original) +++ websites/production/tapestry/content/test-page-2.html Tue Nov 8 12:22:26 2016 @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ <div class="wrapper bs"> - <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"><ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul></div></div> + <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"><ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0";>License</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/security/";>Security</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="top"> <div id="smallbanner"><div class="searchbox" style="float:right;margin: .3em 1em .1em 1em"><span style="color: #999; font-size: 90%">Tapestry docs, issues, wikis & blogs:</span><form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get" action="http://tapestry.apache.org/search.html";> @@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ <div id="content"> <div id="ConfluenceContent"><p> <style type="text/css">/*<![CDATA[*/ -div.rbtoc1477588787905 {padding: 0px;} -div.rbtoc1477588787905 ul {list-style: disc;margin-left: 0px;} -div.rbtoc1477588787905 li {margin-left: 0px;padding-left: 0px;} +div.rbtoc1478607637785 {padding: 0px;} +div.rbtoc1478607637785 ul {list-style: disc;margin-left: 0px;} +div.rbtoc1478607637785 li {margin-left: 0px;padding-left: 0px;} -/*]]>*/</style></p><div class="toc-macro rbtoc1477588787905"> +/*]]>*/</style></p><div class="toc-macro rbtoc1478607637785"> <ul class="toc-indentation"><li><a href="#TestPage2-Generalquestions">General questions</a> <ul class="toc-indentation"><li><a href="#TestPage2-HowdoIgetstartedwithTapestry?">How do I get started with Tapestry?</a></li><li><a href="#TestPage2-WhydoesTapestryusePrototype?WhynotinsertfavoriteJavaScriptlibraryhere?">Why does Tapestry use Prototype? Why not insert favorite JavaScript library here?</a></li><li><a href="#TestPage2-WhydoesTapestryhaveitsownInversionofControlContainer?WhynotSpringorGuice?">Why does Tapestry have its own Inversion of Control Container? Why not Spring or Guice?</a></li><li><a href="#TestPage2-HowdoIupgradefromTapestry4toTapestry5?">How do I upgrade from Tapestry 4 to Tapestry 5?</a></li><li><a href="#TestPage2-WhyaretherebothRequestandHttpServletRequest?">Why are there both Request and HttpServletRequest?</a></li></ul> </li></ul> Modified: websites/production/tapestry/content/test-page.html ============================================================================== --- websites/production/tapestry/content/test-page.html (original) +++ websites/production/tapestry/content/test-page.html Tue Nov 8 12:22:26 2016 @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ <div class="wrapper bs"> - <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"><ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul></div></div> + <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"><ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0";>License</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/security/";>Security</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="top"> <div id="smallbanner"><div class="searchbox" style="float:right;margin: .3em 1em .1em 1em"><span style="color: #999; font-size: 90%">Tapestry docs, issues, wikis & blogs:</span><form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get" action="http://tapestry.apache.org/search.html";> Modified: websites/production/tapestry/content/test.html ============================================================================== --- websites/production/tapestry/content/test.html (original) +++ websites/production/tapestry/content/test.html Tue Nov 8 12:22:26 2016 @@ -36,18 +36,13 @@ <div class="wrapper bs"> - <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"> -<ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul> -</div></div> + <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"><ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0";>License</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/security/";>Security</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="top"> - <div id="smallbanner"><div class="searchbox" style="float:right;margin: .3em 1em .1em 1em"><span style="color: #999; 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data-image-src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png";></span></a></p></div><div class="title" style="float:left; margin: 0 0 0 3em"><h1 id="SmallBanner-PageTitle">Tutorial</h1></div></div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> Modified: websites/production/tapestry/content/type-coercion.html ============================================================================== --- websites/production/tapestry/content/type-coercion.html (original) +++ websites/production/tapestry/content/type-coercion.html Tue Nov 8 12:22:26 2016 @@ -44,18 +44,13 @@ <div class="wrapper bs"> - <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"> -<ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul> -</div></div> + <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"><ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0";>License</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/security/";>Security</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="top"> - <div id="smallbanner"><div class="searchbox" style="float:right;margin: .3em 1em .1em 1em"><span style="color: #999; font-size: 90%">Tapestry docs, issues, wikis & blogs:</span> -<form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get" action="http://tapestry.apache.org/search.html";> - <input type="text" name="q"> - <input type="submit" value="Search"> -</form> - -</div><div class="emblem" style="float:left"><p><a href="index.html"><span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper"><img class="confluence-embedded-image confluence-external-resource" src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png"; data-image-src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png";></span></a></p></div><div class="title" style="float:left; margin: 0 0 0 3em"><h1 id="SmallBanner-PageTitle">Type Coercion</h1></div></div> + <div id="smallbanner"><div class="searchbox" style="float:right;margin: .3em 1em .1em 1em"><span style="color: #999; font-size: 90%">Tapestry docs, issues, wikis & blogs:</span><form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get" action="http://tapestry.apache.org/search.html";> + <input type="text" name="q"> + <input type="submit" value="Search"> +</form></div><div class="emblem" style="float:left"><p><a href="index.html"><span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper"><img class="confluence-embedded-image confluence-external-resource" src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png"; data-image-src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png";></span></a></p></div><div class="title" style="float:left; margin: 0 0 0 3em"><h1 id="SmallBanner-PageTitle">Type Coercion</h1></div></div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> @@ -67,37 +62,19 @@ </div> <div id="content"> - <div id="ConfluenceContent"><p><strong>Type Coercion</strong> is the conversion of one type of object to a new object of a different type with similar content. Tapestry frequently must coerce objects from one type to another. A common example is the coercion of string "5" into an integer 5 or a double 5.0.</p><div class="aui-label" style="float:right" title="Related Articles"> - - - - - - - - -<h3>Related Articles</h3> - -<ul class="content-by-label"><li> - <div> - <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> </div> - - <div class="details"> - <a href="type-coercion.html">Type Coercion</a> - - - </div> - </li><li> - <div> - <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> </div> - - <div class="details"> - <a href="parameter-type-coercion.html">Parameter Type Coercion</a> - - - </div> - </li></ul> -</div><p>Although type coercions happen more inside tapestry-core (including <a href="parameter-type-coercion.html">coercions of <span class="confluence-link">component parameters</span></a><span class="confluence-link"> </span>), they may also happen inside tapestry-ioc, such as when injecting a value, rather than a service, into a builder method.</p><p>Like everything else in Tapestry, type coercions are extensible. At the root is the <a class="external-link" href="http://tapestry.apache.org/current/apidocs/org/apache/tapestry5/ioc/services/TypeCoercer.html";>TypeCoercer</a> service. Its configuration consists of a number of <a class="external-link" href="http://tapestry.apache.org/current/apidocs/org/apache/tapestry5/ioc/services/CoercionTuple.html";>CoercionTuples</a>. Each tuple defines how to coerce from one type to another. The initial set of coercions is focused primarily on coercions between different numeric types:</p><p><span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper" ><img class="confluence-embedded-image" >src="type-coercion.data/type-coercer.png"></span></p><h2 >id="TypeCoercion-DefaultTypeCoercions">Default Type Coercions</h2><p>There >are a few special coercions related to <code>null</code> there; ><code>Object</code> --> <code>List</code> wraps a lone object as a >singleton list, we then need <code>null</code> --> <code>List</code> to >ensure that <code>null</code> stays <code>null</code> (rather than a >singleton list whose lone element is a <code>null</code>).</p><p>Tapestry can ><em>interpolate</em> necessary coercions. For example, say it is necessary to >coerce a <code>StringBuffer</code> to an <code>Integer</code>; the >TypeCoercer service will chain together a series of >coercions:</p><ul><li><code>Object</code> --> ><code>String</code></li><li><code>String</code> --> ><code>Long</code></li><li><code>Long</code> --> ><code>Integer</code></li></ul><h2 id="TypeCoercion-Coercingfromnull">Coercing >from null</h2><p>Coercing from <code>nu ll</code> is special; it is not a spanning search as with the other types. Either there is a specific coercion from <code>null</code> to the desired type, or no coercion takes places (and the coerced value is <code>null</code>).</p><p>The only built-in <code>null</code> coercion is from <code>null</code> to <code>boolean</code> (which is always false).</p><h2 id="TypeCoercion-ListofCoercions">List of Coercions</h2><p>As of Tapestry versions 5.1 and 5.2, the following coercions are available:</p><div class="code panel pdl" style="border-width: 1px;"><div class="codeContent panelContent pdl"> + <div id="ConfluenceContent"><p><strong>Type Coercion</strong> is the conversion of one type of object to a new object of a different type with similar content. Tapestry frequently must coerce objects from one type to another. A common example is the coercion of string "5" into an integer 5 or a double 5.0.</p><div class="aui-label" style="float:right" title="Related Articles"><h3>Related Articles</h3><ul class="content-by-label"><li> + <div> + <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> + </div> + <div class="details"> + <a href="type-coercion.html">Type Coercion</a> + </div> </li><li> + <div> + <span class="icon aui-icon aui-icon-small aui-iconfont-page-default" title="Page">Page:</span> + </div> + <div class="details"> + <a href="parameter-type-coercion.html">Parameter Type Coercion</a> + </div> </li></ul></div><p>Although type coercions happen more inside tapestry-core (including <a href="parameter-type-coercion.html">coercions of <span class="confluence-link">component parameters</span></a><span class="confluence-link"> </span>), they may also happen inside tapestry-ioc, such as when injecting a value, rather than a service, into a builder method.</p><p>Like everything else in Tapestry, type coercions are extensible. At the root is the <a class="external-link" href="http://tapestry.apache.org/current/apidocs/org/apache/tapestry5/ioc/services/TypeCoercer.html";>TypeCoercer</a> service. Its configuration consists of a number of <a class="external-link" href="http://tapestry.apache.org/current/apidocs/org/apache/tapestry5/ioc/services/CoercionTuple.html";>CoercionTuples</a>. Each tuple defines how to coerce from one type to another. The initial set of coercions is focused primarily on coercions between different numeric types:</p><p><span class="confluence-emb edded-file-wrapper"><img class="confluence-embedded-image" src="type-coercion.data/type-coercer.png"></span></p><h2 id="TypeCoercion-DefaultTypeCoercions">Default Type Coercions</h2><p>There are a few special coercions related to <code>null</code> there; <code>Object</code> --> <code>List</code> wraps a lone object as a singleton list, we then need <code>null</code> --> <code>List</code> to ensure that <code>null</code> stays <code>null</code> (rather than a singleton list whose lone element is a <code>null</code>).</p><p>Tapestry can <em>interpolate</em> necessary coercions. For example, say it is necessary to coerce a <code>StringBuffer</code> to an <code>Integer</code>; the TypeCoercer service will chain together a series of coercions:</p><ul><li><code>Object</code> --> <code>String</code></li><li><code>String</code> --> <code>Long</code></li><li><code>Long</code> --> <code>Integer</code></li></ul><h2 id="TypeCoercion-Coercingfromnull">Coercing from null</h2><p>Coe rcing from <code>null</code> is special; it is not a spanning search as with the other types. Either there is a specific coercion from <code>null</code> to the desired type, or no coercion takes places (and the coerced value is <code>null</code>).</p><p>The only built-in <code>null</code> coercion is from <code>null</code> to <code>boolean</code> (which is always false).</p><h2 id="TypeCoercion-ListofCoercions">List of Coercions</h2><p>As of Tapestry versions 5.1 and 5.2, the following coercions are available:</p><div class="code panel pdl" style="border-width: 1px;"><div class="codeContent panelContent pdl"> <pre class="brush: java; gutter: false; theme: Default" style="font-size:12px;">Double --> Float Float --> Double Long --> Boolean Modified: websites/production/tapestry/content/typecoercer-service.html ============================================================================== --- websites/production/tapestry/content/typecoercer-service.html (original) +++ websites/production/tapestry/content/typecoercer-service.html Tue Nov 8 12:22:26 2016 @@ -36,18 +36,13 @@ <div class="wrapper bs"> - <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"> -<ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul> -</div></div> + <div id="navigation"><div class="nav"><ul class="alternate"><li><a href="index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started</a></li><li><a href="documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li><a href="download.html">Download</a></li><li><a href="about.html">About</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0";>License</a></li><li><a href="community.html">Community</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/security/";>Security</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/";>Apache</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html";>Sponsorship</a></li><li><a class="external-link" href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html";>Thanks</a></li></ul></div></div> <div id="top"> - <div id="smallbanner"><div class="searchbox" style="float:right;margin: .3em 1em .1em 1em"><span style="color: #999; font-size: 90%">Tapestry docs, issues, wikis & blogs:</span> -<form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get" action="http://tapestry.apache.org/search.html";> - <input type="text" name="q"> - <input type="submit" value="Search"> -</form> - -</div><div class="emblem" style="float:left"><p><a href="index.html"><span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper"><img class="confluence-embedded-image confluence-external-resource" src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png"; data-image-src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png";></span></a></p></div><div class="title" style="float:left; margin: 0 0 0 3em"><h1 id="SmallBanner-PageTitle">TypeCoercer Service</h1></div></div> + <div id="smallbanner"><div class="searchbox" style="float:right;margin: .3em 1em .1em 1em"><span style="color: #999; font-size: 90%">Tapestry docs, issues, wikis & blogs:</span><form enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get" action="http://tapestry.apache.org/search.html";> + <input type="text" name="q"> + <input type="submit" value="Search"> +</form></div><div class="emblem" style="float:left"><p><a href="index.html"><span class="confluence-embedded-file-wrapper"><img class="confluence-embedded-image confluence-external-resource" src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png"; data-image-src="http://tapestry.apache.org/images/tapestry_small.png";></span></a></p></div><div class="title" style="float:left; margin: 0 0 0 3em"><h1 id="SmallBanner-PageTitle">TypeCoercer Service</h1></div></div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div>
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