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The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/master by this push:
     new 5c856bee5 TAP5-2723: CronExpression fails handling L-<dayOfMonth>
5c856bee5 is described below

commit 5c856bee597426f0c38ba98bcacd18bbeaa6d2ec
Author: Thiago H. de Paula Figueiredo <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Mon Jun 6 23:09:27 2022 -0300

    TAP5-2723: CronExpression fails handling L-<dayOfMonth>
---
 .../ioc/internal/services/cron/CronExpression.java | 1408 +++++++++-----------
 .../groovy/ioc/specs/CronExpressionSpec.groovy     |    1 -
 2 files changed, 654 insertions(+), 755 deletions(-)

diff --git 
a/tapestry-ioc/src/main/java/org/apache/tapestry5/ioc/internal/services/cron/CronExpression.java
 
b/tapestry-ioc/src/main/java/org/apache/tapestry5/ioc/internal/services/cron/CronExpression.java
index 5b79e5678..9f98382f8 100644
--- 
a/tapestry-ioc/src/main/java/org/apache/tapestry5/ioc/internal/services/cron/CronExpression.java
+++ 
b/tapestry-ioc/src/main/java/org/apache/tapestry5/ioc/internal/services/cron/CronExpression.java
@@ -17,132 +17,139 @@ import java.text.ParseException;
 import java.util.*;
 
 /**
- * Provides a parser and evaluator for unix-like cron expressions. Cron
+ * Provides a parser and evaluator for unix-like cron expressions. Cron 
  * expressions provide the ability to specify complex time combinations such as
- * &quot;At 8:00am every Monday through Friday&quot; or &quot;At 1:30am every
- * last Friday of the month&quot;.
- *
+ * &quot;At 8:00am every Monday through Friday&quot; or &quot;At 1:30am every 
+ * last Friday of the month&quot;. 
+ * <P>
  * Cron expressions are comprised of 6 required fields and one optional field
  * separated by white space. The fields respectively are described as follows:
- *
- * <table style="border-spacing: 10px">
+ * 
+ * <table cellspacing="8">
  * <tr>
- * <th class="align-left">Field Name</th>
- * <th class="align-left">&nbsp;</th>
- * <th class="align-left">Allowed Values</th>
- * <th class="align-left">Allowed Special Characters</th>
+ * <th align="left">Field Name</th>
+ * <th align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <th align="left">Allowed Values</th>
+ * <th align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <th align="left">Allowed Special Characters</th>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>Seconds</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left">&nbsp;</td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>0-59</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>, - * /</code></td>
+ * <td align="left"><code>Seconds</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>0-59</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>, - * /</code></td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>Minutes</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left">&nbsp;</td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>0-59</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>, - * /</code></td>
+ * <td align="left"><code>Minutes</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>0-59</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>, - * /</code></td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>Hours</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left">&nbsp;</td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>0-23</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>, - * /</code></td>
+ * <td align="left"><code>Hours</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>0-23</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>, - * /</code></td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>Day-of-month</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left">&nbsp;</td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>1-31</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>, - * ? / L W</code></td>
+ * <td align="left"><code>Day-of-month</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>1-31</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>, - * ? / L W</code></td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>Month</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left">&nbsp;</td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>1-12 or JAN-DEC</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>, - * /</code></td>
+ * <td align="left"><code>Month</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>0-11 or JAN-DEC</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>, - * /</code></td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>Day-of-Week</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left">&nbsp;</td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>1-7 or SUN-SAT</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>, - * ? / L #</code></td>
+ * <td align="left"><code>Day-of-Week</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>1-7 or SUN-SAT</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>, - * ? / L #</code></td>
  * </tr>
  * <tr>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>Year (Optional)</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left">&nbsp;</td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>empty, 1970-2199</code></td>
- * <td class="align-left"><code>, - * /</code></td>
+ * <td align="left"><code>Year (Optional)</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>empty, 1970-2199</code></td>
+ * <td align="left">&nbsp;</th>
+ * <td align="left"><code>, - * /</code></td>
  * </tr>
- * <caption>Cron Expressions</caption>
  * </table>
- * 
- * The '*' character is used to specify all values. For example, &quot;*&quot;
+ * <P>
+ * The '*' character is used to specify all values. For example, &quot;*&quot; 
  * in the minute field means &quot;every minute&quot;.
- * 
+ * <P>
  * The '?' character is allowed for the day-of-month and day-of-week fields. It
  * is used to specify 'no specific value'. This is useful when you need to
  * specify something in one of the two fields, but not the other.
- * 
+ * <P>
  * The '-' character is used to specify ranges For example &quot;10-12&quot; in
  * the hour field means &quot;the hours 10, 11 and 12&quot;.
- * 
+ * <P>
  * The ',' character is used to specify additional values. For example
  * &quot;MON,WED,FRI&quot; in the day-of-week field means &quot;the days 
Monday,
  * Wednesday, and Friday&quot;.
- * 
+ * <P>
  * The '/' character is used to specify increments. For example 
&quot;0/15&quot;
- * in the seconds field means &quot;the seconds 0, 15, 30, and 45&quot;. And
+ * in the seconds field means &quot;the seconds 0, 15, 30, and 45&quot;. And 
  * &quot;5/15&quot; in the seconds field means &quot;the seconds 5, 20, 35, and
  * 50&quot;.  Specifying '*' before the  '/' is equivalent to specifying 0 is
  * the value to start with. Essentially, for each field in the expression, 
there
- * is a set of numbers that can be turned on or off. For seconds and minutes,
+ * is a set of numbers that can be turned on or off. For seconds and minutes, 
  * the numbers range from 0 to 59. For hours 0 to 23, for days of the month 0 
to
- * 31, and for months 1 to 12. The &quot;/&quot; character simply helps you 
turn
+ * 31, and for months 0 to 11 (JAN to DEC). The &quot;/&quot; character simply 
helps you turn
  * on every &quot;nth&quot; value in the given set. Thus &quot;7/6&quot; in the
- * month field only turns on month &quot;7&quot;, it does NOT mean every 6th
- * month, please note that subtlety.
- * 
+ * month field only turns on month &quot;7&quot;, it does NOT mean every 6th 
+ * month, please note that subtlety.  
+ * <P>
  * The 'L' character is allowed for the day-of-month and day-of-week fields.
- * This character is short-hand for &quot;last&quot;, but it has different
- * meaning in each of the two fields. For example, the value &quot;L&quot; in
- * the day-of-month field means &quot;the last day of the month&quot; - day 31
- * for January, day 28 for February on non-leap years. If used in the
- * day-of-week field by itself, it simply means &quot;7&quot; or
+ * This character is short-hand for &quot;last&quot;, but it has different 
+ * meaning in each of the two fields. For example, the value &quot;L&quot; in 
+ * the day-of-month field means &quot;the last day of the month&quot; - day 31 
+ * for January, day 28 for February on non-leap years. If used in the 
+ * day-of-week field by itself, it simply means &quot;7&quot; or 
  * &quot;SAT&quot;. But if used in the day-of-week field after another value, 
it
  * means &quot;the last xxx day of the month&quot; - for example &quot;6L&quot;
- * means &quot;the last friday of the month&quot;. You can also specify an 
offset
- * from the last day of the month, such as "L-3" which would mean the 
third-to-last
- * day of the calendar month. <i>When using the 'L' option, it is important 
not to
+ * means &quot;the last friday of the month&quot;. You can also specify an 
offset 
+ * from the last day of the month, such as "L-3" which would mean the 
third-to-last 
+ * day of the calendar month. <i>When using the 'L' option, it is important 
not to 
  * specify lists, or ranges of values, as you'll get confusing/unexpected 
results.</i>
- * 
- * The 'W' character is allowed for the day-of-month field.  This character
- * is used to specify the weekday (Monday-Friday) nearest the given day.  As an
- * example, if you were to specify &quot;15W&quot; as the value for the
+ * <P>
+ * The 'W' character is allowed for the day-of-month field.  This character 
+ * is used to specify the weekday (Monday-Friday) nearest the given day.  As 
an 
+ * example, if you were to specify &quot;15W&quot; as the value for the 
  * day-of-month field, the meaning is: &quot;the nearest weekday to the 15th of
- * the month&quot;. So if the 15th is a Saturday, the trigger will fire on
+ * the month&quot;. So if the 15th is a Saturday, the trigger will fire on 
  * Friday the 14th. If the 15th is a Sunday, the trigger will fire on Monday 
the
- * 16th. If the 15th is a Tuesday, then it will fire on Tuesday the 15th.
+ * 16th. If the 15th is a Tuesday, then it will fire on Tuesday the 15th. 
  * However if you specify &quot;1W&quot; as the value for day-of-month, and the
- * 1st is a Saturday, the trigger will fire on Monday the 3rd, as it will not
- * 'jump' over the boundary of a month's days.  The 'W' character can only be
+ * 1st is a Saturday, the trigger will fire on Monday the 3rd, as it will not 
+ * 'jump' over the boundary of a month's days.  The 'W' character can only be 
  * specified when the day-of-month is a single day, not a range or list of 
days.
- * 
- * The 'L' and 'W' characters can also be combined for the day-of-month
- * expression to yield 'LW', which translates to &quot;last weekday of the
+ * <P>
+ * The 'L' and 'W' characters can also be combined for the day-of-month 
+ * expression to yield 'LW', which translates to &quot;last weekday of the 
  * month&quot;.
- * 
+ * <P>
  * The '#' character is allowed for the day-of-week field. This character is
- * used to specify &quot;the nth&quot; XXX day of the month. For example, the
- * value of &quot;6#3&quot; in the day-of-week field means the third Friday of
- * the month (day 6 = Friday and &quot;#3&quot; = the 3rd one in the month).
- * Other examples: &quot;2#1&quot; = the first Monday of the month and
+ * used to specify &quot;the nth&quot; XXX day of the month. For example, the 
+ * value of &quot;6#3&quot; in the day-of-week field means the third Friday of 
+ * the month (day 6 = Friday and &quot;#3&quot; = the 3rd one in the month). 
+ * Other examples: &quot;2#1&quot; = the first Monday of the month and 
  * &quot;4#5&quot; = the fifth Wednesday of the month. Note that if you specify
  * &quot;#5&quot; and there is not 5 of the given day-of-week in the month, 
then
  * no firing will occur that month.  If the '#' character is used, there can
- * only be one expression in the day-of-week field (&quot;3#1,6#3&quot; is
+ * only be one expression in the day-of-week field (&quot;3#1,6#3&quot; is 
  * not valid, since there are two expressions).
- * 
+ * <P>
  * <!--The 'C' character is allowed for the day-of-month and day-of-week 
fields.
  * This character is short-hand for "calendar". This means values are
  * calculated against the associated calendar, if any. If no calendar is
@@ -150,35 +157,35 @@ import java.util.*;
  * value of "5C" in the day-of-month field means "the first day included by the
  * calendar on or after the 5th". A value of "1C" in the day-of-week field
  * means "the first day included by the calendar on or after Sunday".-->
- * 
+ * <P>
  * The legal characters and the names of months and days of the week are not
  * case sensitive.
- *
  * 
+ * <p>
  * <b>NOTES:</b>
  * <ul>
  * <li>Support for specifying both a day-of-week and a day-of-month value is
  * not complete (you'll need to use the '?' character in one of these fields).
  * </li>
- * <li>Overflowing ranges is supported - that is, having a larger number on
- * the left hand side than the right. You might do 22-2 to catch 10 o'clock
- * at night until 2 o'clock in the morning, or you might have NOV-FEB. It is
- * very important to note that overuse of overflowing ranges creates ranges
- * that don't make sense and no effort has been made to determine which
- * interpretation CronExpression chooses. An example would be
+ * <li>Overflowing ranges is supported - that is, having a larger number on 
+ * the left hand side than the right. You might do 22-2 to catch 10 o'clock 
+ * at night until 2 o'clock in the morning, or you might have NOV-FEB. It is 
+ * very important to note that overuse of overflowing ranges creates ranges 
+ * that don't make sense and no effort has been made to determine which 
+ * interpretation CronExpression chooses. An example would be 
  * "0 0 14-6 ? * FRI-MON". </li>
  * </ul>
- *
- *
+ * </p>
+ * 
+ * 
  * @author Sharada Jambula, James House
  * @author Contributions from Mads Henderson
  * @author Refactoring from CronTrigger to CronExpression by Aaron Craven
  */
-public class CronExpression implements Serializable
-{
+public final class CronExpression implements Serializable, Cloneable {
 
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 12423409423L;
-
+    
     protected static final int SECOND = 0;
     protected static final int MINUTE = 1;
     protected static final int HOUR = 2;
@@ -188,37 +195,35 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
     protected static final int YEAR = 6;
     protected static final int ALL_SPEC_INT = 99; // '*'
     protected static final int NO_SPEC_INT = 98; // '?'
-    protected static final Integer ALL_SPEC = Integer.valueOf(ALL_SPEC_INT);
-    protected static final Integer NO_SPEC = Integer.valueOf(NO_SPEC_INT);
-
-    protected static final Map monthMap = new HashMap(20);
-    protected static final Map dayMap = new HashMap(60);
-
-    static
-    {
-        monthMap.put("JAN", Integer.valueOf(0));
-        monthMap.put("FEB", Integer.valueOf(1));
-        monthMap.put("MAR", Integer.valueOf(2));
-        monthMap.put("APR", Integer.valueOf(3));
-        monthMap.put("MAY", Integer.valueOf(4));
-        monthMap.put("JUN", Integer.valueOf(5));
-        monthMap.put("JUL", Integer.valueOf(6));
-        monthMap.put("AUG", Integer.valueOf(7));
-        monthMap.put("SEP", Integer.valueOf(8));
-        monthMap.put("OCT", Integer.valueOf(9));
-        monthMap.put("NOV", Integer.valueOf(10));
-        monthMap.put("DEC", Integer.valueOf(11));
-
-        dayMap.put("SUN", Integer.valueOf(1));
-        dayMap.put("MON", Integer.valueOf(2));
-        dayMap.put("TUE", Integer.valueOf(3));
-        dayMap.put("WED", Integer.valueOf(4));
-        dayMap.put("THU", Integer.valueOf(5));
-        dayMap.put("FRI", Integer.valueOf(6));
-        dayMap.put("SAT", Integer.valueOf(7));
+    protected static final Integer ALL_SPEC = ALL_SPEC_INT;
+    protected static final Integer NO_SPEC = NO_SPEC_INT;
+    
+    protected static final Map<String, Integer> monthMap = new HashMap<String, 
Integer>(20);
+    protected static final Map<String, Integer> dayMap = new HashMap<String, 
Integer>(60);
+    static {
+        monthMap.put("JAN", 0);
+        monthMap.put("FEB", 1);
+        monthMap.put("MAR", 2);
+        monthMap.put("APR", 3);
+        monthMap.put("MAY", 4);
+        monthMap.put("JUN", 5);
+        monthMap.put("JUL", 6);
+        monthMap.put("AUG", 7);
+        monthMap.put("SEP", 8);
+        monthMap.put("OCT", 9);
+        monthMap.put("NOV", 10);
+        monthMap.put("DEC", 11);
+
+        dayMap.put("SUN", 1);
+        dayMap.put("MON", 2);
+        dayMap.put("TUE", 3);
+        dayMap.put("WED", 4);
+        dayMap.put("THU", 5);
+        dayMap.put("FRI", 6);
+        dayMap.put("SAT", 7);
     }
 
-    private String cronExpression = null;
+    private final String cronExpression;
     private TimeZone timeZone = null;
     protected transient TreeSet<Integer> seconds;
     protected transient TreeSet<Integer> minutes;
@@ -234,122 +239,132 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
     protected transient boolean nearestWeekday = false;
     protected transient int lastdayOffset = 0;
     protected transient boolean expressionParsed = false;
-
+    
     public static final int MAX_YEAR = 
Calendar.getInstance().get(Calendar.YEAR) + 100;
 
     /**
-     * Constructs a new <CODE>CronExpression</CODE> based on the specified
+     * Constructs a new <CODE>CronExpression</CODE> based on the specified 
      * parameter.
-     *
-     * @param cronExpression
-     *         String representation of the cron expression the
-     *         new object should represent
+     * 
+     * @param cronExpression String representation of the cron expression the
+     *                       new object should represent
      * @throws java.text.ParseException
-     *         if the string expression cannot be parsed into a valid
+     *         if the string expression cannot be parsed into a valid 
      *         <CODE>CronExpression</CODE>
      */
-    public CronExpression(String cronExpression) throws ParseException
-    {
-        if (cronExpression == null)
-        {
+    public CronExpression(String cronExpression) throws ParseException {
+        if (cronExpression == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("cronExpression cannot be 
null");
         }
-
+        
         this.cronExpression = cronExpression.toUpperCase(Locale.US);
-
+        
         buildExpression(this.cronExpression);
     }
+    
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new {@code CronExpression} as a copy of an existing
+     * instance.
+     * 
+     * @param expression
+     *            The existing cron expression to be copied
+     */
+    public CronExpression(CronExpression expression) {
+        /*
+         * We don't call the other constructor here since we need to swallow 
the
+         * ParseException. We also elide some of the sanity checking as it is
+         * not logically trippable.
+         */
+        this.cronExpression = expression.getCronExpression();
+        try {
+            buildExpression(cronExpression);
+        } catch (ParseException ex) {
+            throw new AssertionError("Could not parse expression!", ex);
+        }
+        if (expression.getTimeZone() != null) {
+            setTimeZone((TimeZone) expression.getTimeZone().clone());
+        }
+    }
 
     /**
      * Indicates whether the given date satisfies the cron expression. Note 
that
      * milliseconds are ignored, so two Dates falling on different milliseconds
      * of the same second will always have the same result here.
-     *
-     * @param date
-     *         the date to evaluate
+     * 
+     * @param date the date to evaluate
      * @return a boolean indicating whether the given date satisfies the cron
      *         expression
      */
-    public boolean isSatisfiedBy(Date date)
-    {
+    public boolean isSatisfiedBy(Date date) {
         Calendar testDateCal = Calendar.getInstance(getTimeZone());
         testDateCal.setTime(date);
         testDateCal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
         Date originalDate = testDateCal.getTime();
-
+        
         testDateCal.add(Calendar.SECOND, -1);
-
+        
         Date timeAfter = getTimeAfter(testDateCal.getTime());
 
         return ((timeAfter != null) && (timeAfter.equals(originalDate)));
     }
-
+    
     /**
      * Returns the next date/time <I>after</I> the given date/time which
      * satisfies the cron expression.
-     *
-     * @param date
-     *         the date/time at which to begin the search for the next valid
-     *         date/time
+     * 
+     * @param date the date/time at which to begin the search for the next 
valid
+     *             date/time
      * @return the next valid date/time
      */
-    public Date getNextValidTimeAfter(Date date)
-    {
+    public Date getNextValidTimeAfter(Date date) {
         return getTimeAfter(date);
     }
-
+    
     /**
      * Returns the next date/time <I>after</I> the given date/time which does
      * <I>not</I> satisfy the expression
-     *
-     * @param date
-     *         the date/time at which to begin the search for the next
-     *         invalid date/time
+     * 
+     * @param date the date/time at which to begin the search for the next 
+     *             invalid date/time
      * @return the next valid date/time
      */
-    public Date getNextInvalidTimeAfter(Date date)
-    {
+    public Date getNextInvalidTimeAfter(Date date) {
         long difference = 1000;
-
+        
         //move back to the nearest second so differences will be accurate
         Calendar adjustCal = Calendar.getInstance(getTimeZone());
         adjustCal.setTime(date);
         adjustCal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
         Date lastDate = adjustCal.getTime();
-
-        Date newDate = null;
-
-        //TODO: (QUARTZ-481) IMPROVE THIS! The following is a BAD solution to 
this problem. Performance will be very bad here, depending on the cron 
expression. It is, however A solution.
-
+        
+        Date newDate;
+        
+        //FUTURE_TODO: (QUARTZ-481) IMPROVE THIS! The following is a BAD 
solution to this problem. Performance will be very bad here, depending on the 
cron expression. It is, however A solution.
+        
         //keep getting the next included time until it's farther than one 
second
         // apart. At that point, lastDate is the last valid fire time. We 
return
         // the second immediately following it.
-        while (difference == 1000)
-        {
+        while (difference == 1000) {
             newDate = getTimeAfter(lastDate);
-            if (newDate == null)
+            if(newDate == null)
                 break;
-
+            
             difference = newDate.getTime() - lastDate.getTime();
-
-            if (difference == 1000)
-            {
+            
+            if (difference == 1000) {
                 lastDate = newDate;
             }
         }
-
+        
         return new Date(lastDate.getTime() + 1000);
     }
-
+    
     /**
-     * Returns the time zone for which this <code>CronExpression</code>
+     * Returns the time zone for which this <code>CronExpression</code> 
      * will be resolved.
-     * @return the time zone, not null
      */
-    public TimeZone getTimeZone()
-    {
-        if (timeZone == null)
-        {
+    public TimeZone getTimeZone() {
+        if (timeZone == null) {
             timeZone = TimeZone.getDefault();
         }
 
@@ -357,93 +372,78 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets the time zone for which  this <code>CronExpression</code>
+     * Sets the time zone for which  this <code>CronExpression</code> 
      * will be resolved.
-     * @param timeZone the time zone, or null
      */
-    public void setTimeZone(TimeZone timeZone)
-    {
+    public void setTimeZone(TimeZone timeZone) {
         this.timeZone = timeZone;
     }
-
+    
     /**
+     * Returns the string representation of the <CODE>CronExpression</CODE>
+     * 
      * @return a string representation of the <CODE>CronExpression</CODE>
      */
     @Override
-    public String toString()
-    {
+    public String toString() {
         return cronExpression;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Indicates whether the specified cron expression can be parsed into a
+     * Indicates whether the specified cron expression can be parsed into a 
      * valid cron expression
-     *
-     * @param cronExpression
-     *         the expression to evaluate
+     * 
+     * @param cronExpression the expression to evaluate
      * @return a boolean indicating whether the given expression is a valid 
cron
      *         expression
      */
-    public static boolean isValidExpression(String cronExpression)
-    {
-
-        try
-        {
+    public static boolean isValidExpression(String cronExpression) {
+        
+        try {
             new CronExpression(cronExpression);
-        } catch (ParseException pe)
-        {
+        } catch (ParseException pe) {
             return false;
         }
-
+        
         return true;
     }
 
-    public static void validateExpression(String cronExpression) throws 
ParseException
-    {
-
+    public static void validateExpression(String cronExpression) throws 
ParseException {
+        
         new CronExpression(cronExpression);
     }
-
-
+    
+    
     
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     //
     // Expression Parsing Functions
     //
     
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-    protected void buildExpression(String expression) throws ParseException
-    {
+    protected void buildExpression(String expression) throws ParseException {
         expressionParsed = true;
 
-        try
-        {
+        try {
 
-            if (seconds == null)
-            {
+            if (seconds == null) {
                 seconds = new TreeSet<Integer>();
             }
-            if (minutes == null)
-            {
+            if (minutes == null) {
                 minutes = new TreeSet<Integer>();
             }
-            if (hours == null)
-            {
+            if (hours == null) {
                 hours = new TreeSet<Integer>();
             }
-            if (daysOfMonth == null)
-            {
+            if (daysOfMonth == null) {
                 daysOfMonth = new TreeSet<Integer>();
             }
-            if (months == null)
-            {
+            if (months == null) {
                 months = new TreeSet<Integer>();
             }
-            if (daysOfWeek == null)
-            {
+            if (daysOfWeek == null) {
                 daysOfWeek = new TreeSet<Integer>();
             }
-            if (years == null)
-            {
+            if (years == null) {
                 years = new TreeSet<Integer>();
             }
 
@@ -452,28 +452,23 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
             StringTokenizer exprsTok = new StringTokenizer(expression, " \t",
                     false);
 
-            while (exprsTok.hasMoreTokens() && exprOn <= YEAR)
-            {
+            while (exprsTok.hasMoreTokens() && exprOn <= YEAR) {
                 String expr = exprsTok.nextToken().trim();
 
                 // throw an exception if L is used with other days of the month
-                if (exprOn == DAY_OF_MONTH && expr.indexOf('L') != -1 && 
expr.length() > 1 && expr.indexOf(",") >= 0)
-                {
+                if(exprOn == DAY_OF_MONTH && expr.indexOf('L') != -1 && 
expr.length() > 1 && expr.contains(",")) {
                     throw new ParseException("Support for specifying 'L' and 
'LW' with other days of the month is not implemented", -1);
                 }
                 // throw an exception if L is used with other days of the week
-                if (exprOn == DAY_OF_WEEK && expr.indexOf('L') != -1 && 
expr.length() > 1 && expr.indexOf(",") >= 0)
-                {
+                if(exprOn == DAY_OF_WEEK && expr.indexOf('L') != -1 && 
expr.length() > 1  && expr.contains(",")) {
                     throw new ParseException("Support for specifying 'L' with 
other days of the week is not implemented", -1);
                 }
-                if (exprOn == DAY_OF_WEEK && expr.indexOf('#') != -1 && 
expr.indexOf('#', expr.indexOf('#') + 1) != -1)
-                {
-                    throw new ParseException("Support for specifying multiple 
\"nth\" days is not imlemented.", -1);
+                if(exprOn == DAY_OF_WEEK && expr.indexOf('#') != -1 && 
expr.indexOf('#', expr.indexOf('#') +1) != -1) {
+                    throw new ParseException("Support for specifying multiple 
\"nth\" days is not implemented.", -1);
                 }
-
+                
                 StringTokenizer vTok = new StringTokenizer(expr, ",");
-                while (vTok.hasMoreTokens())
-                {
+                while (vTok.hasMoreTokens()) {
                     String v = vTok.nextToken();
                     storeExpressionVals(0, v, exprOn);
                 }
@@ -481,164 +476,130 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
                 exprOn++;
             }
 
-            if (exprOn <= DAY_OF_WEEK)
-            {
+            if (exprOn <= DAY_OF_WEEK) {
                 throw new ParseException("Unexpected end of expression.",
-                        expression.length());
+                            expression.length());
             }
 
-            if (exprOn <= YEAR)
-            {
+            if (exprOn <= YEAR) {
                 storeExpressionVals(0, "*", YEAR);
             }
 
-            TreeSet dow = getSet(DAY_OF_WEEK);
-            TreeSet dom = getSet(DAY_OF_MONTH);
+            TreeSet<Integer> dow = getSet(DAY_OF_WEEK);
+            TreeSet<Integer> dom = getSet(DAY_OF_MONTH);
 
             // Copying the logic from the UnsupportedOperationException below
             boolean dayOfMSpec = !dom.contains(NO_SPEC);
             boolean dayOfWSpec = !dow.contains(NO_SPEC);
 
-            if (dayOfMSpec && !dayOfWSpec)
-            {
-                // skip
-            } else if (dayOfWSpec && !dayOfMSpec)
-            {
-                // skip
-            } else
-            {
-                throw new ParseException(
-                        "Support for specifying both a day-of-week AND a 
day-of-month parameter is not implemented.", 0);
+            if (!dayOfMSpec || dayOfWSpec) {
+                if (!dayOfWSpec || dayOfMSpec) {
+                    throw new ParseException(
+                            "Support for specifying both a day-of-week AND a 
day-of-month parameter is not implemented.", 0);
+                }
             }
-        } catch (ParseException pe)
-        {
+        } catch (ParseException pe) {
             throw pe;
-        } catch (Exception e)
-        {
+        } catch (Exception e) {
             throw new ParseException("Illegal cron expression format ("
                     + e.toString() + ")", 0);
         }
     }
 
     protected int storeExpressionVals(int pos, String s, int type)
-            throws ParseException
-    {
+        throws ParseException {
 
         int incr = 0;
         int i = skipWhiteSpace(pos, s);
-        if (i >= s.length())
-        {
+        if (i >= s.length()) {
             return i;
         }
         char c = s.charAt(i);
-        if ((c >= 'A') && (c <= 'Z') && (!s.equals("L")) && (!s.equals("LW")) 
&& (!s.matches("^L-[0-9]*[W]?")))
-        {
+        if ((c >= 'A') && (c <= 'Z') && (!s.equals("L")) && (!s.equals("LW")) 
&& (!s.matches("^L-[0-9]*[W]?"))) {
             String sub = s.substring(i, i + 3);
             int sval = -1;
             int eval = -1;
-            if (type == MONTH)
-            {
+            if (type == MONTH) {
                 sval = getMonthNumber(sub) + 1;
-                if (sval <= 0)
-                {
+                if (sval <= 0) {
                     throw new ParseException("Invalid Month value: '" + sub + 
"'", i);
                 }
-                if (s.length() > i + 3)
-                {
+                if (s.length() > i + 3) {
                     c = s.charAt(i + 3);
-                    if (c == '-')
-                    {
+                    if (c == '-') {
                         i += 4;
                         sub = s.substring(i, i + 3);
                         eval = getMonthNumber(sub) + 1;
-                        if (eval <= 0)
-                        {
+                        if (eval <= 0) {
                             throw new ParseException("Invalid Month value: '" 
+ sub + "'", i);
                         }
                     }
                 }
-            } else if (type == DAY_OF_WEEK)
-            {
+            } else if (type == DAY_OF_WEEK) {
                 sval = getDayOfWeekNumber(sub);
-                if (sval < 0)
-                {
+                if (sval < 0) {
                     throw new ParseException("Invalid Day-of-Week value: '"
-                            + sub + "'", i);
+                                + sub + "'", i);
                 }
-                if (s.length() > i + 3)
-                {
+                if (s.length() > i + 3) {
                     c = s.charAt(i + 3);
-                    if (c == '-')
-                    {
+                    if (c == '-') {
                         i += 4;
                         sub = s.substring(i, i + 3);
                         eval = getDayOfWeekNumber(sub);
-                        if (eval < 0)
-                        {
+                        if (eval < 0) {
                             throw new ParseException(
                                     "Invalid Day-of-Week value: '" + sub
-                                            + "'", i);
+                                        + "'", i);
                         }
-                    } else if (c == '#')
-                    {
-                        try
-                        {
+                    } else if (c == '#') {
+                        try {
                             i += 4;
                             nthdayOfWeek = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(i));
-                            if (nthdayOfWeek < 1 || nthdayOfWeek > 5)
-                            {
+                            if (nthdayOfWeek < 1 || nthdayOfWeek > 5) {
                                 throw new Exception();
                             }
-                        } catch (Exception e)
-                        {
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
                             throw new ParseException(
                                     "A numeric value between 1 and 5 must 
follow the '#' option",
                                     i);
                         }
-                    } else if (c == 'L')
-                    {
+                    } else if (c == 'L') {
                         lastdayOfWeek = true;
                         i++;
                     }
                 }
 
-            } else
-            {
+            } else {
                 throw new ParseException(
                         "Illegal characters for this position: '" + sub + "'",
                         i);
             }
-            if (eval != -1)
-            {
+            if (eval != -1) {
                 incr = 1;
             }
             addToSet(sval, eval, incr, type);
             return (i + 3);
         }
 
-        if (c == '?')
-        {
+        if (c == '?') {
             i++;
-            if ((i + 1) < s.length()
-                    && (s.charAt(i) != ' ' && s.charAt(i + 1) != '\t'))
-            {
+            if ((i + 1) < s.length() 
+                    && (s.charAt(i) != ' ' && s.charAt(i + 1) != '\t')) {
                 throw new ParseException("Illegal character after '?': "
-                        + s.charAt(i), i);
+                            + s.charAt(i), i);
             }
-            if (type != DAY_OF_WEEK && type != DAY_OF_MONTH)
-            {
+            if (type != DAY_OF_WEEK && type != DAY_OF_MONTH) {
                 throw new ParseException(
-                        "'?' can only be specfied for Day-of-Month or 
Day-of-Week.",
-                        i);
+                            "'?' can only be specified for Day-of-Month or 
Day-of-Week.",
+                            i);
             }
-            if (type == DAY_OF_WEEK && !lastdayOfMonth)
-            {
-                int val = ((Integer) daysOfMonth.last()).intValue();
-                if (val == NO_SPEC_INT)
-                {
+            if (type == DAY_OF_WEEK && !lastdayOfMonth) {
+                int val = daysOfMonth.last();
+                if (val == NO_SPEC_INT) {
                     throw new ParseException(
-                            "'?' can only be specfied for Day-of-Month -OR- 
Day-of-Week.",
-                            i);
+                                "'?' can only be specified for Day-of-Month 
-OR- Day-of-Week.",
+                                i);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -646,105 +607,71 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
             return i;
         }
 
-        if (c == '*' || c == '/')
-        {
-            if (c == '*' && (i + 1) >= s.length())
-            {
+        if (c == '*' || c == '/') {
+            if (c == '*' && (i + 1) >= s.length()) {
                 addToSet(ALL_SPEC_INT, -1, incr, type);
                 return i + 1;
             } else if (c == '/'
                     && ((i + 1) >= s.length() || s.charAt(i + 1) == ' ' || s
-                    .charAt(i + 1) == '\t'))
-            {
+                            .charAt(i + 1) == '\t')) { 
                 throw new ParseException("'/' must be followed by an 
integer.", i);
-            } else if (c == '*')
-            {
+            } else if (c == '*') {
                 i++;
             }
             c = s.charAt(i);
-            if (c == '/')
-            { // is an increment specified?
+            if (c == '/') { // is an increment specified?
                 i++;
-                if (i >= s.length())
-                {
+                if (i >= s.length()) {
                     throw new ParseException("Unexpected end of string.", i);
                 }
 
                 incr = getNumericValue(s, i);
 
                 i++;
-                if (incr > 10)
-                {
+                if (incr > 10) {
                     i++;
                 }
-                if (incr > 59 && (type == SECOND || type == MINUTE))
-                {
-                    throw new ParseException("Increment > 60 : " + incr, i);
-                } else if (incr > 23 && (type == HOUR))
-                {
-                    throw new ParseException("Increment > 24 : " + incr, i);
-                } else if (incr > 31 && (type == DAY_OF_MONTH))
-                {
-                    throw new ParseException("Increment > 31 : " + incr, i);
-                } else if (incr > 7 && (type == DAY_OF_WEEK))
-                {
-                    throw new ParseException("Increment > 7 : " + incr, i);
-                } else if (incr > 12 && (type == MONTH))
-                {
-                    throw new ParseException("Increment > 12 : " + incr, i);
-                }
-            } else
-            {
+                checkIncrementRange(incr, type, i);
+            } else {
                 incr = 1;
             }
 
             addToSet(ALL_SPEC_INT, -1, incr, type);
             return i;
-        } else if (c == 'L')
-        {
+        } else if (c == 'L') {
             i++;
-            if (type == DAY_OF_MONTH)
-            {
+            if (type == DAY_OF_MONTH) {
                 lastdayOfMonth = true;
             }
-            if (type == DAY_OF_WEEK)
-            {
+            if (type == DAY_OF_WEEK) {
                 addToSet(7, 7, 0, type);
             }
-            if (type == DAY_OF_MONTH && s.length() > i)
-            {
+            if(type == DAY_OF_MONTH && s.length() > i) {
                 c = s.charAt(i);
-                if (c == '-')
-                {
-                    ValueSet vs = getValue(0, s, i + 1);
+                if(c == '-') {
+                    ValueSet vs = getValue(0, s, i+1);
                     lastdayOffset = vs.value;
-                    if (lastdayOffset > 30)
-                        throw new ParseException("Offset from last day must be 
<= 30", i + 1);
+                    if(lastdayOffset > 30)
+                        throw new ParseException("Offset from last day must be 
<= 30", i+1);
                     i = vs.pos;
-                }
-                if (s.length() > i)
-                {
+                }                        
+                if(s.length() > i) {
                     c = s.charAt(i);
-                    if (c == 'W')
-                    {
+                    if(c == 'W') {
                         nearestWeekday = true;
                         i++;
                     }
                 }
             }
             return i;
-        } else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
-        {
+        } else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
             int val = Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(c));
             i++;
-            if (i >= s.length())
-            {
+            if (i >= s.length()) {
                 addToSet(val, -1, -1, type);
-            } else
-            {
+            } else {
                 c = s.charAt(i);
-                if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
-                {
+                if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
                     ValueSet vs = getValue(val, s, i);
                     val = vs.value;
                     i = vs.pos;
@@ -752,162 +679,155 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
                 i = checkNext(i, s, val, type);
                 return i;
             }
-        } else
-        {
+        } else {
             throw new ParseException("Unexpected character: " + c, i);
         }
 
         return i;
     }
 
-    protected int checkNext(int pos, String s, int val, int type)
-            throws ParseException
-    {
+    private void checkIncrementRange(int incr, int type, int idxPos) throws 
ParseException {
+        if (incr > 59 && (type == SECOND || type == MINUTE)) {
+            throw new ParseException("Increment > 60 : " + incr, idxPos);
+        } else if (incr > 23 && (type == HOUR)) {
+            throw new ParseException("Increment > 24 : " + incr, idxPos);
+        } else if (incr > 31 && (type == DAY_OF_MONTH)) {
+            throw new ParseException("Increment > 31 : " + incr, idxPos);
+        } else if (incr > 7 && (type == DAY_OF_WEEK)) {
+            throw new ParseException("Increment > 7 : " + incr, idxPos);
+        } else if (incr > 12 && (type == MONTH)) {
+            throw new ParseException("Increment > 12 : " + incr, idxPos);
+        }
+    }
 
+    protected int checkNext(int pos, String s, int val, int type)
+        throws ParseException {
+        
         int end = -1;
         int i = pos;
 
-        if (i >= s.length())
-        {
+        if (i >= s.length()) {
             addToSet(val, end, -1, type);
             return i;
         }
 
         char c = s.charAt(pos);
 
-        if (c == 'L')
-        {
-            if (type == DAY_OF_WEEK)
-            {
-                if (val < 1 || val > 7)
+        if (c == 'L') {
+            if (type == DAY_OF_WEEK) {
+                if(val < 1 || val > 7)
                     throw new ParseException("Day-of-Week values must be 
between 1 and 7", -1);
                 lastdayOfWeek = true;
-            } else
-            {
+            } else {
                 throw new ParseException("'L' option is not valid here. (pos=" 
+ i + ")", i);
             }
-            TreeSet set = getSet(type);
-            set.add(Integer.valueOf(val));
+            TreeSet<Integer> set = getSet(type);
+            set.add(val);
             i++;
             return i;
         }
-
-        if (c == 'W')
-        {
-            if (type == DAY_OF_MONTH)
-            {
+        
+        if (c == 'W') {
+            if (type == DAY_OF_MONTH) {
                 nearestWeekday = true;
-            } else
-            {
+            } else {
                 throw new ParseException("'W' option is not valid here. (pos=" 
+ i + ")", i);
             }
-            if (val > 31)
-                throw new ParseException("The 'W' option does not make sense 
with values larger than 31 (max number of days in a month)", i);
-            TreeSet set = getSet(type);
-            set.add(Integer.valueOf(val));
+            if(val > 31)
+                throw new ParseException("The 'W' option does not make sense 
with values larger than 31 (max number of days in a month)", i); 
+            TreeSet<Integer> set = getSet(type);
+            set.add(val);
             i++;
             return i;
         }
 
-        if (c == '#')
-        {
-            if (type != DAY_OF_WEEK)
-            {
+        if (c == '#') {
+            if (type != DAY_OF_WEEK) {
                 throw new ParseException("'#' option is not valid here. (pos=" 
+ i + ")", i);
             }
             i++;
-            try
-            {
+            try {
                 nthdayOfWeek = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(i));
-                if (nthdayOfWeek < 1 || nthdayOfWeek > 5)
-                {
+                if (nthdayOfWeek < 1 || nthdayOfWeek > 5) {
                     throw new Exception();
                 }
-            } catch (Exception e)
-            {
+            } catch (Exception e) {
                 throw new ParseException(
                         "A numeric value between 1 and 5 must follow the '#' 
option",
                         i);
             }
 
-            TreeSet set = getSet(type);
-            set.add(Integer.valueOf(val));
+            TreeSet<Integer> set = getSet(type);
+            set.add(val);
             i++;
             return i;
         }
 
-        if (c == '-')
-        {
+        if (c == '-') {
             i++;
             c = s.charAt(i);
             int v = Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(c));
             end = v;
             i++;
-            if (i >= s.length())
-            {
+            if (i >= s.length()) {
                 addToSet(val, end, 1, type);
                 return i;
             }
             c = s.charAt(i);
-            if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
-            {
+            if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
                 ValueSet vs = getValue(v, s, i);
-                int v1 = vs.value;
-                end = v1;
+                end = vs.value;
                 i = vs.pos;
             }
-            if (i < s.length() && ((c = s.charAt(i)) == '/'))
-            {
+            if (i < s.length() && ((c = s.charAt(i)) == '/')) {
                 i++;
                 c = s.charAt(i);
                 int v2 = Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(c));
                 i++;
-                if (i >= s.length())
-                {
+                if (i >= s.length()) {
                     addToSet(val, end, v2, type);
                     return i;
                 }
                 c = s.charAt(i);
-                if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
-                {
+                if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
                     ValueSet vs = getValue(v2, s, i);
                     int v3 = vs.value;
                     addToSet(val, end, v3, type);
                     i = vs.pos;
                     return i;
-                } else
-                {
+                } else {
                     addToSet(val, end, v2, type);
                     return i;
                 }
-            } else
-            {
+            } else {
                 addToSet(val, end, 1, type);
                 return i;
             }
         }
 
-        if (c == '/')
-        {
+        if (c == '/') {
+            if ((i + 1) >= s.length() || s.charAt(i + 1) == ' ' || s.charAt(i 
+ 1) == '\t') {
+                throw new ParseException("'/' must be followed by an 
integer.", i);
+            }
+
             i++;
             c = s.charAt(i);
             int v2 = Integer.parseInt(String.valueOf(c));
             i++;
-            if (i >= s.length())
-            {
+            if (i >= s.length()) {
+                checkIncrementRange(v2, type, i);
                 addToSet(val, end, v2, type);
                 return i;
             }
             c = s.charAt(i);
-            if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
-            {
+            if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
                 ValueSet vs = getValue(v2, s, i);
                 int v3 = vs.value;
+                checkIncrementRange(v3, type, i);
                 addToSet(val, end, v3, type);
                 i = vs.pos;
                 return i;
-            } else
-            {
+            } else {
                 throw new ParseException("Unexpected character '" + c + "' 
after '/'", i);
             }
         }
@@ -917,25 +837,112 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
         return i;
     }
 
-    public String getCronExpression()
-    {
+    public String getCronExpression() {
         return cronExpression;
     }
+    
+    public String getExpressionSummary() {
+        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+
+        buf.append("seconds: ");
+        buf.append(getExpressionSetSummary(seconds));
+        buf.append("\n");
+        buf.append("minutes: ");
+        buf.append(getExpressionSetSummary(minutes));
+        buf.append("\n");
+        buf.append("hours: ");
+        buf.append(getExpressionSetSummary(hours));
+        buf.append("\n");
+        buf.append("daysOfMonth: ");
+        buf.append(getExpressionSetSummary(daysOfMonth));
+        buf.append("\n");
+        buf.append("months: ");
+        buf.append(getExpressionSetSummary(months));
+        buf.append("\n");
+        buf.append("daysOfWeek: ");
+        buf.append(getExpressionSetSummary(daysOfWeek));
+        buf.append("\n");
+        buf.append("lastdayOfWeek: ");
+        buf.append(lastdayOfWeek);
+        buf.append("\n");
+        buf.append("nearestWeekday: ");
+        buf.append(nearestWeekday);
+        buf.append("\n");
+        buf.append("NthDayOfWeek: ");
+        buf.append(nthdayOfWeek);
+        buf.append("\n");
+        buf.append("lastdayOfMonth: ");
+        buf.append(lastdayOfMonth);
+        buf.append("\n");
+        buf.append("years: ");
+        buf.append(getExpressionSetSummary(years));
+        buf.append("\n");
+
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    protected String getExpressionSetSummary(java.util.Set<Integer> set) {
+
+        if (set.contains(NO_SPEC)) {
+            return "?";
+        }
+        if (set.contains(ALL_SPEC)) {
+            return "*";
+        }
 
-    protected int skipWhiteSpace(int i, String s)
-    {
-        for (; i < s.length() && (s.charAt(i) == ' ' || s.charAt(i) == '\t'); 
i++)
-        {
+        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+
+        Iterator<Integer> itr = set.iterator();
+        boolean first = true;
+        while (itr.hasNext()) {
+            Integer iVal = itr.next();
+            String val = iVal.toString();
+            if (!first) {
+                buf.append(",");
+            }
+            buf.append(val);
+            first = false;
+        }
+
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    protected String getExpressionSetSummary(java.util.ArrayList<Integer> 
list) {
+
+        if (list.contains(NO_SPEC)) {
+            return "?";
+        }
+        if (list.contains(ALL_SPEC)) {
+            return "*";
+        }
+
+        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+
+        Iterator<Integer> itr = list.iterator();
+        boolean first = true;
+        while (itr.hasNext()) {
+            Integer iVal = itr.next();
+            String val = iVal.toString();
+            if (!first) {
+                buf.append(",");
+            }
+            buf.append(val);
+            first = false;
+        }
+
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    protected int skipWhiteSpace(int i, String s) {
+        for (; i < s.length() && (s.charAt(i) == ' ' || s.charAt(i) == '\t'); 
i++) {
             ;
         }
 
         return i;
     }
 
-    protected int findNextWhiteSpace(int i, String s)
-    {
-        for (; i < s.length() && (s.charAt(i) != ' ' && s.charAt(i) != '\t'); 
i++)
-        {
+    protected int findNextWhiteSpace(int i, String s) {
+        for (; i < s.length() && (s.charAt(i) != ' ' || s.charAt(i) != '\t'); 
i++) {
             ;
         }
 
@@ -943,195 +950,140 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
     }
 
     protected void addToSet(int val, int end, int incr, int type)
-            throws ParseException
-    {
-
+        throws ParseException {
+        
         TreeSet<Integer> set = getSet(type);
 
-        if (type == SECOND || type == MINUTE)
-        {
-            if ((val < 0 || val > 59 || end > 59) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT))
-            {
+        if (type == SECOND || type == MINUTE) {
+            if ((val < 0 || val > 59 || end > 59) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT)) {
                 throw new ParseException(
                         "Minute and Second values must be between 0 and 59",
                         -1);
             }
-        } else if (type == HOUR)
-        {
-            if ((val < 0 || val > 23 || end > 23) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT))
-            {
+        } else if (type == HOUR) {
+            if ((val < 0 || val > 23 || end > 23) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT)) {
                 throw new ParseException(
                         "Hour values must be between 0 and 23", -1);
             }
-        } else if (type == DAY_OF_MONTH)
-        {
-            if ((val < 1 || val > 31 || end > 31) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT)
-                    && (val != NO_SPEC_INT))
-            {
+        } else if (type == DAY_OF_MONTH) {
+            if ((val < 1 || val > 31 || end > 31) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT) 
+                    && (val != NO_SPEC_INT)) {
                 throw new ParseException(
                         "Day of month values must be between 1 and 31", -1);
             }
-        } else if (type == MONTH)
-        {
-            if ((val < 1 || val > 12 || end > 12) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT))
-            {
+        } else if (type == MONTH) {
+            if ((val < 1 || val > 12 || end > 12) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT)) {
                 throw new ParseException(
                         "Month values must be between 1 and 12", -1);
             }
-        } else if (type == DAY_OF_WEEK)
-        {
+        } else if (type == DAY_OF_WEEK) {
             if ((val == 0 || val > 7 || end > 7) && (val != ALL_SPEC_INT)
-                    && (val != NO_SPEC_INT))
-            {
+                    && (val != NO_SPEC_INT)) {
                 throw new ParseException(
                         "Day-of-Week values must be between 1 and 7", -1);
             }
         }
 
-        if ((incr == 0 || incr == -1) && val != ALL_SPEC_INT)
-        {
-            if (val != -1)
-            {
-                set.add(Integer.valueOf(val));
-            } else
-            {
+        if ((incr == 0 || incr == -1) && val != ALL_SPEC_INT) {
+            if (val != -1) {
+                set.add(val);
+            } else {
                 set.add(NO_SPEC);
             }
-
+            
             return;
         }
 
         int startAt = val;
         int stopAt = end;
 
-        if (val == ALL_SPEC_INT && incr <= 0)
-        {
+        if (val == ALL_SPEC_INT && incr <= 0) {
             incr = 1;
             set.add(ALL_SPEC); // put in a marker, but also fill values
         }
 
-        if (type == SECOND || type == MINUTE)
-        {
-            if (stopAt == -1)
-            {
+        if (type == SECOND || type == MINUTE) {
+            if (stopAt == -1) {
                 stopAt = 59;
             }
-            if (startAt == -1 || startAt == ALL_SPEC_INT)
-            {
+            if (startAt == -1 || startAt == ALL_SPEC_INT) {
                 startAt = 0;
             }
-        } else if (type == HOUR)
-        {
-            if (stopAt == -1)
-            {
+        } else if (type == HOUR) {
+            if (stopAt == -1) {
                 stopAt = 23;
             }
-            if (startAt == -1 || startAt == ALL_SPEC_INT)
-            {
+            if (startAt == -1 || startAt == ALL_SPEC_INT) {
                 startAt = 0;
             }
-        } else if (type == DAY_OF_MONTH)
-        {
-            if (stopAt == -1)
-            {
+        } else if (type == DAY_OF_MONTH) {
+            if (stopAt == -1) {
                 stopAt = 31;
             }
-            if (startAt == -1 || startAt == ALL_SPEC_INT)
-            {
+            if (startAt == -1 || startAt == ALL_SPEC_INT) {
                 startAt = 1;
             }
-        } else if (type == MONTH)
-        {
-            if (stopAt == -1)
-            {
+        } else if (type == MONTH) {
+            if (stopAt == -1) {
                 stopAt = 12;
             }
-            if (startAt == -1 || startAt == ALL_SPEC_INT)
-            {
+            if (startAt == -1 || startAt == ALL_SPEC_INT) {
                 startAt = 1;
             }
-        } else if (type == DAY_OF_WEEK)
-        {
-            if (stopAt == -1)
-            {
+        } else if (type == DAY_OF_WEEK) {
+            if (stopAt == -1) {
                 stopAt = 7;
             }
-            if (startAt == -1 || startAt == ALL_SPEC_INT)
-            {
+            if (startAt == -1 || startAt == ALL_SPEC_INT) {
                 startAt = 1;
             }
-        } else if (type == YEAR)
-        {
-            if (stopAt == -1)
-            {
+        } else if (type == YEAR) {
+            if (stopAt == -1) {
                 stopAt = MAX_YEAR;
             }
-            if (startAt == -1 || startAt == ALL_SPEC_INT)
-            {
+            if (startAt == -1 || startAt == ALL_SPEC_INT) {
                 startAt = 1970;
             }
         }
 
-        // if the end of the range is before the start, then we need to 
overflow into
-        // the next day, month etc. This is done by adding the maximum amount 
for that
+        // if the end of the range is before the start, then we need to 
overflow into 
+        // the next day, month etc. This is done by adding the maximum amount 
for that 
         // type, and using modulus max to determine the value being added.
         int max = -1;
-        if (stopAt < startAt)
-        {
-            switch (type)
-            {
-                case SECOND:
-                    max = 60;
-                    break;
-                case MINUTE:
-                    max = 60;
-                    break;
-                case HOUR:
-                    max = 24;
-                    break;
-                case MONTH:
-                    max = 12;
-                    break;
-                case DAY_OF_WEEK:
-                    max = 7;
-                    break;
-                case DAY_OF_MONTH:
-                    max = 31;
-                    break;
-                case YEAR:
-                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Start year must be 
less than stop year");
-                default:
-                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected type 
encountered");
+        if (stopAt < startAt) {
+            switch (type) {
+              case       SECOND : max = 60; break;
+              case       MINUTE : max = 60; break;
+              case         HOUR : max = 24; break;
+              case        MONTH : max = 12; break;
+              case  DAY_OF_WEEK : max = 7;  break;
+              case DAY_OF_MONTH : max = 31; break;
+              case         YEAR : throw new IllegalArgumentException("Start 
year must be less than stop year");
+              default           : throw new 
IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected type encountered");
             }
             stopAt += max;
         }
 
-        for (int i = startAt; i <= stopAt; i += incr)
-        {
-            if (max == -1)
-            {
+        for (int i = startAt; i <= stopAt; i += incr) {
+            if (max == -1) {
                 // ie: there's no max to overflow over
-                set.add(Integer.valueOf(i));
-            } else
-            {
+                set.add(i);
+            } else {
                 // take the modulus to get the real value
                 int i2 = i % max;
 
                 // 1-indexed ranges should not include 0, and should include 
their max
-                if (i2 == 0 && (type == MONTH || type == DAY_OF_WEEK || type 
== DAY_OF_MONTH))
-                {
+                if (i2 == 0 && (type == MONTH || type == DAY_OF_WEEK || type 
== DAY_OF_MONTH) ) {
                     i2 = max;
                 }
 
-                set.add(Integer.valueOf(i2));
+                set.add(i2);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    protected TreeSet<Integer> getSet(int type)
-    {
-        switch (type)
-        {
+    TreeSet<Integer> getSet(int type) {
+        switch (type) {
             case SECOND:
                 return seconds;
             case MINUTE:
@@ -1151,56 +1103,48 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
         }
     }
 
-    protected ValueSet getValue(int v, String s, int i)
-    {
+    protected ValueSet getValue(int v, String s, int i) {
         char c = s.charAt(i);
         StringBuilder s1 = new StringBuilder(String.valueOf(v));
-        while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
-        {
+        while (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
             s1.append(c);
             i++;
-            if (i >= s.length())
-            {
+            if (i >= s.length()) {
                 break;
             }
             c = s.charAt(i);
         }
         ValueSet val = new ValueSet();
-
+        
         val.pos = (i < s.length()) ? i : i + 1;
         val.value = Integer.parseInt(s1.toString());
         return val;
     }
 
-    protected int getNumericValue(String s, int i)
-    {
+    protected int getNumericValue(String s, int i) {
         int endOfVal = findNextWhiteSpace(i, s);
         String val = s.substring(i, endOfVal);
         return Integer.parseInt(val);
     }
 
-    protected int getMonthNumber(String s)
-    {
-        Integer integer = (Integer) monthMap.get(s);
+    protected int getMonthNumber(String s) {
+        Integer integer = monthMap.get(s);
 
-        if (integer == null)
-        {
+        if (integer == null) {
             return -1;
         }
 
-        return integer.intValue();
+        return integer;
     }
 
-    protected int getDayOfWeekNumber(String s)
-    {
-        Integer integer = (Integer) dayMap.get(s);
+    protected int getDayOfWeekNumber(String s) {
+        Integer integer = dayMap.get(s);
 
-        if (integer == null)
-        {
+        if (integer == null) {
             return -1;
         }
 
-        return integer.intValue();
+        return integer;
     }
 
     
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -1209,11 +1153,10 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
     //
     
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-    public Date getTimeAfter(Date afterTime)
-    {
+    public Date getTimeAfter(Date afterTime) {
 
         // Computation is based on Gregorian year only.
-        Calendar cl = new java.util.GregorianCalendar(getTimeZone());
+        Calendar cl = new java.util.GregorianCalendar(getTimeZone()); 
 
         // move ahead one second, since we're computing the time *after* the
         // given time
@@ -1224,29 +1167,25 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
 
         boolean gotOne = false;
         // loop until we've computed the next time, or we've past the endTime
-        while (!gotOne)
-        {
+        while (!gotOne) {
 
             //if (endTime != null && cl.getTime().after(endTime)) return null;
-            if (cl.get(Calendar.YEAR) > 2999)
-            { // prevent endless loop...
+            if(cl.get(Calendar.YEAR) > 2999) { // prevent endless loop...
                 return null;
             }
 
-            SortedSet st = null;
+            SortedSet<Integer> st = null;
             int t = 0;
 
             int sec = cl.get(Calendar.SECOND);
             int min = cl.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
 
             // get second.................................................
-            st = seconds.tailSet(Integer.valueOf(sec));
-            if (st != null && st.size() != 0)
-            {
-                sec = ((Integer) st.first()).intValue();
-            } else
-            {
-                sec = ((Integer) seconds.first()).intValue();
+            st = seconds.tailSet(sec);
+            if (st != null && st.size() != 0) {
+                sec = st.first();
+            } else {
+                sec = seconds.first();
                 min++;
                 cl.set(Calendar.MINUTE, min);
             }
@@ -1257,18 +1196,15 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
             t = -1;
 
             // get minute.................................................
-            st = minutes.tailSet(Integer.valueOf(min));
-            if (st != null && st.size() != 0)
-            {
+            st = minutes.tailSet(min);
+            if (st != null && st.size() != 0) {
                 t = min;
-                min = ((Integer) st.first()).intValue();
-            } else
-            {
-                min = ((Integer) minutes.first()).intValue();
+                min = st.first();
+            } else {
+                min = minutes.first();
                 hr++;
             }
-            if (min != t)
-            {
+            if (min != t) {
                 cl.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
                 cl.set(Calendar.MINUTE, min);
                 setCalendarHour(cl, hr);
@@ -1281,18 +1217,15 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
             t = -1;
 
             // get hour...................................................
-            st = hours.tailSet(Integer.valueOf(hr));
-            if (st != null && st.size() != 0)
-            {
+            st = hours.tailSet(hr);
+            if (st != null && st.size() != 0) {
                 t = hr;
-                hr = ((Integer) st.first()).intValue();
-            } else
-            {
-                hr = ((Integer) hours.first()).intValue();
+                hr = st.first();
+            } else {
+                hr = hours.first();
                 day++;
             }
-            if (hr != t)
-            {
+            if (hr != t) {
                 cl.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
                 cl.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
                 cl.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, day);
@@ -1307,26 +1240,31 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
             // 1-based
             t = -1;
             int tmon = mon;
-
+            
             // get day...................................................
             boolean dayOfMSpec = !daysOfMonth.contains(NO_SPEC);
             boolean dayOfWSpec = !daysOfWeek.contains(NO_SPEC);
-            if (dayOfMSpec && !dayOfWSpec)
-            { // get day by day of month rule
-                st = daysOfMonth.tailSet(Integer.valueOf(day));
-                if (lastdayOfMonth)
-                {
-                    if (!nearestWeekday)
-                    {
+            if (dayOfMSpec && !dayOfWSpec) { // get day by day of month rule
+                st = daysOfMonth.tailSet(day);
+                if (lastdayOfMonth) {
+                    if(!nearestWeekday) {
                         t = day;
                         day = getLastDayOfMonth(mon, cl.get(Calendar.YEAR));
                         day -= lastdayOffset;
-                    } else
-                    {
+                        if(t > day) {
+                            mon++;
+                            if(mon > 12) { 
+                                mon = 1;
+                                tmon = 3333; // ensure test of mon != tmon 
further below fails
+                                cl.add(Calendar.YEAR, 1);
+                            }
+                            day = 1;
+                        }
+                    } else {
                         t = day;
                         day = getLastDayOfMonth(mon, cl.get(Calendar.YEAR));
                         day -= lastdayOffset;
-
+                        
                         java.util.Calendar tcal = 
java.util.Calendar.getInstance(getTimeZone());
                         tcal.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
                         tcal.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
@@ -1334,40 +1272,34 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
                         tcal.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, day);
                         tcal.set(Calendar.MONTH, mon - 1);
                         tcal.set(Calendar.YEAR, cl.get(Calendar.YEAR));
-
+                        
                         int ldom = getLastDayOfMonth(mon, 
cl.get(Calendar.YEAR));
                         int dow = tcal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
 
-                        if (dow == Calendar.SATURDAY && day == 1)
-                        {
+                        if(dow == Calendar.SATURDAY && day == 1) {
                             day += 2;
-                        } else if (dow == Calendar.SATURDAY)
-                        {
+                        } else if(dow == Calendar.SATURDAY) {
                             day -= 1;
-                        } else if (dow == Calendar.SUNDAY && day == ldom)
-                        {
+                        } else if(dow == Calendar.SUNDAY && day == ldom) { 
                             day -= 2;
-                        } else if (dow == Calendar.SUNDAY)
-                        {
+                        } else if(dow == Calendar.SUNDAY) { 
                             day += 1;
                         }
-
+                    
                         tcal.set(Calendar.SECOND, sec);
                         tcal.set(Calendar.MINUTE, min);
                         tcal.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, hr);
                         tcal.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, day);
                         tcal.set(Calendar.MONTH, mon - 1);
                         Date nTime = tcal.getTime();
-                        if (nTime.before(afterTime))
-                        {
+                        if(nTime.before(afterTime)) {
                             day = 1;
                             mon++;
                         }
                     }
-                } else if (nearestWeekday)
-                {
+                } else if(nearestWeekday) {
                     t = day;
-                    day = ((Integer) daysOfMonth.first()).intValue();
+                    day = daysOfMonth.first();
 
                     java.util.Calendar tcal = 
java.util.Calendar.getInstance(getTimeZone());
                     tcal.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
@@ -1376,55 +1308,46 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
                     tcal.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, day);
                     tcal.set(Calendar.MONTH, mon - 1);
                     tcal.set(Calendar.YEAR, cl.get(Calendar.YEAR));
-
+                    
                     int ldom = getLastDayOfMonth(mon, cl.get(Calendar.YEAR));
                     int dow = tcal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
 
-                    if (dow == Calendar.SATURDAY && day == 1)
-                    {
+                    if(dow == Calendar.SATURDAY && day == 1) {
                         day += 2;
-                    } else if (dow == Calendar.SATURDAY)
-                    {
+                    } else if(dow == Calendar.SATURDAY) {
                         day -= 1;
-                    } else if (dow == Calendar.SUNDAY && day == ldom)
-                    {
+                    } else if(dow == Calendar.SUNDAY && day == ldom) { 
                         day -= 2;
-                    } else if (dow == Calendar.SUNDAY)
-                    {
+                    } else if(dow == Calendar.SUNDAY) { 
                         day += 1;
                     }
-
-
+                        
+                
                     tcal.set(Calendar.SECOND, sec);
                     tcal.set(Calendar.MINUTE, min);
                     tcal.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, hr);
                     tcal.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, day);
                     tcal.set(Calendar.MONTH, mon - 1);
                     Date nTime = tcal.getTime();
-                    if (nTime.before(afterTime))
-                    {
-                        day = ((Integer) daysOfMonth.first()).intValue();
+                    if(nTime.before(afterTime)) {
+                        day = daysOfMonth.first();
                         mon++;
                     }
-                } else if (st != null && st.size() != 0)
-                {
+                } else if (st != null && st.size() != 0) {
                     t = day;
-                    day = ((Integer) st.first()).intValue();
+                    day = st.first();
                     // make sure we don't over-run a short month, such as 
february
                     int lastDay = getLastDayOfMonth(mon, 
cl.get(Calendar.YEAR));
-                    if (day > lastDay)
-                    {
-                        day = ((Integer) daysOfMonth.first()).intValue();
+                    if (day > lastDay) {
+                        day = daysOfMonth.first();
                         mon++;
                     }
-                } else
-                {
-                    day = ((Integer) daysOfMonth.first()).intValue();
+                } else {
+                    day = daysOfMonth.first();
                     mon++;
                 }
-
-                if (day != t || mon != tmon)
-                {
+                
+                if (day != t || mon != tmon) {
                     cl.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
                     cl.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
                     cl.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
@@ -1434,28 +1357,23 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
                     // are 1-based
                     continue;
                 }
-            } else if (dayOfWSpec && !dayOfMSpec)
-            { // get day by day of week rule
-                if (lastdayOfWeek)
-                { // are we looking for the last XXX day of
+            } else if (dayOfWSpec && !dayOfMSpec) { // get day by day of week 
rule
+                if (lastdayOfWeek) { // are we looking for the last XXX day of
                     // the month?
-                    int dow = ((Integer) daysOfWeek.first()).intValue(); // 
desired
+                    int dow = daysOfWeek.first(); // desired
                     // d-o-w
                     int cDow = cl.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK); // current d-o-w
                     int daysToAdd = 0;
-                    if (cDow < dow)
-                    {
+                    if (cDow < dow) {
                         daysToAdd = dow - cDow;
                     }
-                    if (cDow > dow)
-                    {
+                    if (cDow > dow) {
                         daysToAdd = dow + (7 - cDow);
                     }
 
                     int lDay = getLastDayOfMonth(mon, cl.get(Calendar.YEAR));
 
-                    if (day + daysToAdd > lDay)
-                    { // did we already miss the
+                    if (day + daysToAdd > lDay) { // did we already miss the
                         // last one?
                         cl.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
                         cl.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
@@ -1467,15 +1385,13 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
                     }
 
                     // find date of last occurrence of this day in this 
month...
-                    while ((day + daysToAdd + 7) <= lDay)
-                    {
+                    while ((day + daysToAdd + 7) <= lDay) {
                         daysToAdd += 7;
                     }
 
                     day += daysToAdd;
 
-                    if (daysToAdd > 0)
-                    {
+                    if (daysToAdd > 0) {
                         cl.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
                         cl.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
                         cl.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
@@ -1485,31 +1401,26 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                } else if (nthdayOfWeek != 0)
-                {
+                } else if (nthdayOfWeek != 0) {
                     // are we looking for the Nth XXX day in the month?
-                    int dow = ((Integer) daysOfWeek.first()).intValue(); // 
desired
+                    int dow = daysOfWeek.first(); // desired
                     // d-o-w
                     int cDow = cl.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK); // current d-o-w
                     int daysToAdd = 0;
-                    if (cDow < dow)
-                    {
+                    if (cDow < dow) {
                         daysToAdd = dow - cDow;
-                    } else if (cDow > dow)
-                    {
+                    } else if (cDow > dow) {
                         daysToAdd = dow + (7 - cDow);
                     }
 
                     boolean dayShifted = false;
-                    if (daysToAdd > 0)
-                    {
+                    if (daysToAdd > 0) {
                         dayShifted = true;
                     }
 
                     day += daysToAdd;
                     int weekOfMonth = day / 7;
-                    if (day % 7 > 0)
-                    {
+                    if (day % 7 > 0) {
                         weekOfMonth++;
                     }
 
@@ -1517,8 +1428,7 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
                     day += daysToAdd;
                     if (daysToAdd < 0
                             || day > getLastDayOfMonth(mon, cl
-                            .get(Calendar.YEAR)))
-                    {
+                                    .get(Calendar.YEAR))) {
                         cl.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
                         cl.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
                         cl.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
@@ -1526,8 +1436,7 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
                         cl.set(Calendar.MONTH, mon);
                         // no '- 1' here because we are promoting the month
                         continue;
-                    } else if (daysToAdd > 0 || dayShifted)
-                    {
+                    } else if (daysToAdd > 0 || dayShifted) {
                         cl.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
                         cl.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
                         cl.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
@@ -1536,31 +1445,26 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
                         // '- 1' here because we are NOT promoting the month
                         continue;
                     }
-                } else
-                {
+                } else {
                     int cDow = cl.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK); // current d-o-w
-                    int dow = ((Integer) daysOfWeek.first()).intValue(); // 
desired
+                    int dow = daysOfWeek.first(); // desired
                     // d-o-w
-                    st = daysOfWeek.tailSet(Integer.valueOf(cDow));
-                    if (st != null && st.size() > 0)
-                    {
-                        dow = ((Integer) st.first()).intValue();
+                    st = daysOfWeek.tailSet(cDow);
+                    if (st != null && st.size() > 0) {
+                        dow = st.first();
                     }
 
                     int daysToAdd = 0;
-                    if (cDow < dow)
-                    {
+                    if (cDow < dow) {
                         daysToAdd = dow - cDow;
                     }
-                    if (cDow > dow)
-                    {
+                    if (cDow > dow) {
                         daysToAdd = dow + (7 - cDow);
                     }
 
                     int lDay = getLastDayOfMonth(mon, cl.get(Calendar.YEAR));
 
-                    if (day + daysToAdd > lDay)
-                    { // will we pass the end of
+                    if (day + daysToAdd > lDay) { // will we pass the end of
                         // the month?
                         cl.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
                         cl.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
@@ -1569,8 +1473,7 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
                         cl.set(Calendar.MONTH, mon);
                         // no '- 1' here because we are promoting the month
                         continue;
-                    } else if (daysToAdd > 0)
-                    { // are we swithing days?
+                    } else if (daysToAdd > 0) { // are we swithing days?
                         cl.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
                         cl.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
                         cl.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
@@ -1581,11 +1484,9 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
                         continue;
                     }
                 }
-            } else
-            { // dayOfWSpec && !dayOfMSpec
+            } else { // dayOfWSpec && !dayOfMSpec
                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                         "Support for specifying both a day-of-week AND a 
day-of-month parameter is not implemented.");
-                // TODO:
             }
             cl.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, day);
 
@@ -1597,24 +1498,20 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
 
             // test for expressions that never generate a valid fire date,
             // but keep looping...
-            if (year > MAX_YEAR)
-            {
+            if (year > MAX_YEAR) {
                 return null;
             }
 
             // get month...................................................
-            st = months.tailSet(Integer.valueOf(mon));
-            if (st != null && st.size() != 0)
-            {
+            st = months.tailSet(mon);
+            if (st != null && st.size() != 0) {
                 t = mon;
-                mon = ((Integer) st.first()).intValue();
-            } else
-            {
-                mon = ((Integer) months.first()).intValue();
+                mon = st.first();
+            } else {
+                mon = months.first();
                 year++;
             }
-            if (mon != t)
-            {
+            if (mon != t) {
                 cl.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
                 cl.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
                 cl.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
@@ -1633,18 +1530,15 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
             t = -1;
 
             // get year...................................................
-            st = years.tailSet(Integer.valueOf(year));
-            if (st != null && st.size() != 0)
-            {
+            st = years.tailSet(year);
+            if (st != null && st.size() != 0) {
                 t = year;
-                year = ((Integer) st.first()).intValue();
-            } else
-            {
+                year = st.first();
+            } else {
                 return null; // ran out of years...
             }
 
-            if (year != t)
-            {
+            if (year != t) {
                 cl.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
                 cl.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
                 cl.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
@@ -1666,15 +1560,13 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
     /**
      * Advance the calendar to the particular hour paying particular attention
      * to daylight saving problems.
-     *
-     * @param cal the calendar to change
-     * @param hour the hour of day, 0..23, not null
+     * 
+     * @param cal the calendar to operate on
+     * @param hour the hour to set
      */
-    protected void setCalendarHour(Calendar cal, int hour)
-    {
+    protected void setCalendarHour(Calendar cal, int hour) {
         cal.set(java.util.Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, hour);
-        if (cal.get(java.util.Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY) != hour && hour != 24)
-        {
+        if (cal.get(java.util.Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY) != hour && hour != 24) {
             cal.set(java.util.Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, hour + 1);
         }
     }
@@ -1682,36 +1574,28 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
     /**
      * NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: Returns the time before the given time
      * that the <code>CronExpression</code> matches.
-     * @param endTime the ending time, or null
-     * @return <code>null</code>
-     */
-    public Date getTimeBefore(Date endTime)
-    {
-        // TODO: implement QUARTZ-423
+     */ 
+    public Date getTimeBefore(Date endTime) { 
+        // FUTURE_TODO: implement QUARTZ-423
         return null;
     }
 
     /**
-     * NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: Returns the final time that the
+     * NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: Returns the final time that the 
      * <code>CronExpression</code> will match.
-     * @return the final time, or null
      */
-    public Date getFinalFireTime()
-    {
-        // TODO: implement QUARTZ-423
+    public Date getFinalFireTime() {
+        // FUTURE_TODO: implement QUARTZ-423
         return null;
     }
-
-    protected boolean isLeapYear(int year)
-    {
+    
+    protected boolean isLeapYear(int year) {
         return ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0));
     }
 
-    protected int getLastDayOfMonth(int monthNum, int year)
-    {
+    protected int getLastDayOfMonth(int monthNum, int year) {
 
-        switch (monthNum)
-        {
+        switch (monthNum) {
             case 1:
                 return 31;
             case 2:
@@ -1741,11 +1625,27 @@ public class CronExpression implements Serializable
                         + monthNum);
         }
     }
+    
+
+    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream stream)
+        throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
+        
+        stream.defaultReadObject();
+        try {
+            buildExpression(cronExpression);
+        } catch (Exception ignore) {
+        } // never happens
+    }    
+    
+    @Override
+    @Deprecated
+    public Object clone() {
+        return new CronExpression(this);
+    }
 }
 
-class ValueSet
-{
+class ValueSet {
     public int value;
 
     public int pos;
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tapestry-ioc/src/test/groovy/ioc/specs/CronExpressionSpec.groovy 
b/tapestry-ioc/src/test/groovy/ioc/specs/CronExpressionSpec.groovy
index 0e0ef1838..91fdd6457 100644
--- a/tapestry-ioc/src/test/groovy/ioc/specs/CronExpressionSpec.groovy
+++ b/tapestry-ioc/src/test/groovy/ioc/specs/CronExpressionSpec.groovy
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ class CronExpressionSpec extends Specification {
   }
   
   @Issue("https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/TAP5/issues/TAP5-2723";)
-  @PendingFeature(reason = "TAP5-2723 not yet fixed.")
   def "getNextValidTimeAfter(#after) should be #expected for #expr"()
   {
          given:

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