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Yicong-Huang pushed a commit to branch main
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/texera.git


The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/main by this push:
     new 6f9f0e355d fix(auth): JwtAuthFilter eager-401 with @PermitAll opt-out 
(#4903)
6f9f0e355d is described below

commit 6f9f0e355dfba403b5584d0a8703ff58f43b26e0
Author: Yicong Huang <[email protected]>
AuthorDate: Sun May 10 00:05:35 2026 -0700

    fix(auth): JwtAuthFilter eager-401 with @PermitAll opt-out (#4903)
    
    ### What changes were proposed in this PR?
    
    Align the 4 microservices' `JwtAuthFilter` with amber's behavior: return
    `401` directly from the filter with an RFC 6750 `WWW-Authenticate:
    Bearer …` challenge, instead of silently passing through to Dropwizard's
    `@Auth` injection.
    
    `@PermitAll` (JSR-250) opts a resource out of the no-header `401`. An
    invalid token still fails — a tampered/stale token is never treated as
    anonymous. The only existing consumer is
    `DatasetResource.getDatasetCover` for anonymous public-dataset reads.
    
    ### Any related issues, documentation, discussions?
    
    Closes #4901.
    
    Out of scope: `RolesAllowedDynamicFeature` is registered only in amber.
    The 4 microservices' `@RolesAllowed` annotations are currently
    decorative; `workflow-compiling-service` registers no auth filter at
    all. Worth a separate issue.
    
    ### How was this PR tested?
    
    `Auth/test` covers `JwtAuthFilter` (header-missing / non-Bearer /
    invalid-token / valid-token; method- and class-level `@PermitAll`;
    resource-info-absent fallback) and `UnauthorizedExceptionMapper`
    (status, challenge passthrough, no entity body). Format / lint clean;
    all 4 microservices recompile.
    
    ### Was this PR authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
    
    Generated-by: Claude Code
---
 .../texera/service/AccessControlService.scala      |   8 +-
 .../auth/UnauthorizedExceptionMapperSpec.scala     |  59 ++++
 amber/LICENSE-binary-java                          |   1 +
 common/auth/build.sbt                              |   1 +
 .../org/apache/texera/auth/JwtAuthFilter.scala     |  96 +++++--
 .../apache/texera/auth/UnauthorizedException.scala |  57 ++++
 .../org/apache/texera/auth/JwtAuthFilterSpec.scala | 313 +++++++++++++++++++++
 .../service/ComputingUnitManagingService.scala     |   8 +-
 .../org/apache/texera/service/ConfigService.scala  |   8 +-
 .../org/apache/texera/service/FileService.scala    |   8 +-
 .../texera/service/resource/DatasetResource.scala  |   7 +-
 11 files changed, 541 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git 
a/access-control-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/AccessControlService.scala
 
b/access-control-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/AccessControlService.scala
index 21d367e2bb..0cb5738419 100644
--- 
a/access-control-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/AccessControlService.scala
+++ 
b/access-control-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/AccessControlService.scala
@@ -24,7 +24,12 @@ import 
io.dropwizard.configuration.{EnvironmentVariableSubstitutor, Substituting
 import io.dropwizard.core.Application
 import io.dropwizard.core.setup.{Bootstrap, Environment}
 import org.apache.texera.amber.config.StorageConfig
-import org.apache.texera.auth.{JwtAuthFilter, RequestLoggingFilter, 
SessionUser}
+import org.apache.texera.auth.{
+  JwtAuthFilter,
+  RequestLoggingFilter,
+  SessionUser,
+  UnauthorizedExceptionMapper
+}
 import org.apache.texera.dao.SqlServer
 import org.apache.texera.service.activity.UserActivityEventListener
 import org.apache.texera.service.resource.{
@@ -72,6 +77,7 @@ class AccessControlService extends 
Application[AccessControlServiceConfiguration
 
     // Register JWT authentication filter
     environment.jersey.register(new AuthDynamicFeature(classOf[JwtAuthFilter]))
+    environment.jersey.register(classOf[UnauthorizedExceptionMapper])
 
     // Enable @Auth annotation for injecting SessionUser
     environment.jersey.register(
diff --git 
a/access-control-service/src/test/scala/org/apache/texera/auth/UnauthorizedExceptionMapperSpec.scala
 
b/access-control-service/src/test/scala/org/apache/texera/auth/UnauthorizedExceptionMapperSpec.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd897c896b
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/access-control-service/src/test/scala/org/apache/texera/auth/UnauthorizedExceptionMapperSpec.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.texera.auth
+
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.HttpHeaders
+import org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec
+import org.scalatest.matchers.should.Matchers
+
+class UnauthorizedExceptionMapperSpec extends AnyFlatSpec with Matchers {
+
+  // The mapper sits behind every microservice's `environment.jersey.register(
+  // classOf[UnauthorizedExceptionMapper])` wiring. JwtAuthFilter throws
+  // `UnauthorizedException(challenge)` (covered by JwtAuthFilterSpec); this
+  // spec pins what the mapper turns that exception into when JAX-RS calls
+  // `toResponse` at the edge.
+
+  private val mapper = new UnauthorizedExceptionMapper
+
+  "UnauthorizedExceptionMapper" should "map any UnauthorizedException to HTTP 
401" in {
+    val response = mapper.toResponse(new UnauthorizedException("Bearer 
realm=\"texera\""))
+    response.getStatus shouldBe 401
+  }
+
+  it should "carry the exception's challenge string verbatim in the 
WWW-Authenticate header" in {
+    // The challenge is RFC 6750 §3 syntax. The mapper must not rewrite it —
+    // JwtAuthFilter is the single source of truth for which challenge fires
+    // (Bearer vs. Bearer + invalid_token), and any rewrite here would mask
+    // a regression in the filter.
+    val challenge =
+      """Bearer realm="texera", error="invalid_token", error_description="JWT 
verification failed""""
+    val response = mapper.toResponse(new UnauthorizedException(challenge))
+    response.getHeaderString(HttpHeaders.WWW_AUTHENTICATE) shouldBe challenge
+  }
+
+  it should "produce no entity body — only status + challenge header" in {
+    // Browsers and curl expect `WWW-Authenticate` on a body-less 401; an
+    // accidental JSON entity (e.g. via Dropwizard's default error mapper)
+    // would suppress the auth challenge prompt in some clients.
+    val response = mapper.toResponse(new UnauthorizedException("Bearer 
realm=\"texera\""))
+    response.hasEntity shouldBe false
+  }
+}
diff --git a/amber/LICENSE-binary-java b/amber/LICENSE-binary-java
index 8fbd626ca4..d413b9f8d2 100644
--- a/amber/LICENSE-binary-java
+++ b/amber/LICENSE-binary-java
@@ -630,6 +630,7 @@ licensed with GPL-2.0 with Classpath Exception)
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Scala/Java jars:
+  - jakarta.annotation.jakarta.annotation-api-2.1.1.jar
   - jakarta.ws.rs.jakarta.ws.rs-api-3.0.0.jar
   - javax.ws.rs.javax.ws.rs-api-2.1.1.jar
   - org.jgrapht.jgrapht-core-1.4.0.jar
diff --git a/common/auth/build.sbt b/common/auth/build.sbt
index a33da64fea..24feb1984f 100644
--- a/common/auth/build.sbt
+++ b/common/auth/build.sbt
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
   "com.typesafe.scala-logging" %% "scala-logging" % "3.9.5",            // for 
LazyLogging
   "org.bitbucket.b_c" % "jose4j" % "0.9.6",                             // for 
jwt parser
   "jakarta.ws.rs" % "jakarta.ws.rs-api" % "3.0.0",                      // for 
JwtAuthFilter
+  "jakarta.annotation" % "jakarta.annotation-api" % "2.1.1",            // for 
@PermitAll opt-out in JwtAuthFilter
   "jakarta.servlet" % "jakarta.servlet-api" % "5.0.0" % "provided",    // for 
RequestLoggingFilter
   "org.eclipse.jetty" % "jetty-servlet" % "11.0.24" % "provided",      // for 
FilterHolder
   "org.scalatest" %% "scalatest" % "3.2.17" % Test
diff --git 
a/common/auth/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/auth/JwtAuthFilter.scala 
b/common/auth/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/auth/JwtAuthFilter.scala
index 5698515630..779618726c 100644
--- a/common/auth/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/auth/JwtAuthFilter.scala
+++ b/common/auth/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/auth/JwtAuthFilter.scala
@@ -20,35 +20,91 @@
 package org.apache.texera.auth
 
 import com.typesafe.scalalogging.LazyLogging
-import jakarta.ws.rs.container.{ContainerRequestContext, 
ContainerRequestFilter}
-import jakarta.ws.rs.core.{HttpHeaders, SecurityContext}
+import jakarta.annotation.security.PermitAll
+import jakarta.ws.rs.container.{ContainerRequestContext, 
ContainerRequestFilter, ResourceInfo}
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.{Context, HttpHeaders, SecurityContext}
 import jakarta.ws.rs.ext.Provider
 import org.apache.texera.dao.jooq.generated.enums.UserRoleEnum
 
 import java.security.Principal
 
+/** JAX-RS request filter that authenticates a Bearer JWT and installs a
+  * [[SessionUser]] security context.
+  *
+  * Failure semantics (RFC 6750 §3):
+  *   - No `Authorization: Bearer …` header: throw [[UnauthorizedException]]
+  *     carrying a bare `Bearer realm="texera"` challenge — unless the
+  *     resource method or class is annotated with `@PermitAll`, in which
+  *     case the request continues with no security context. This supports
+  *     the `@Auth Optional[SessionUser]` pattern for endpoints that need
+  *     to serve anonymous users.
+  *   - Header present but token verification / claim extraction fails:
+  *     throw [[UnauthorizedException]] with `error="invalid_token"`
+  *     always, even on `@PermitAll` endpoints — a tampered or stale token
+  *     is never silently treated as anonymous.
+  *   - Header present and valid: install a `SecurityContext` whose
+  *     principal is the parsed [[SessionUser]].
+  *
+  * HTTP translation (status 401, `WWW-Authenticate` header) is done by
+  * [[UnauthorizedExceptionMapper]], registered alongside this filter in
+  * each service.
+  */
 @Provider
 class JwtAuthFilter extends ContainerRequestFilter with LazyLogging {
 
+  @Context
+  private var resourceInfo: ResourceInfo = _
+
   override def filter(requestContext: ContainerRequestContext): Unit = {
-    val authHeader = requestContext.getHeaderString(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION)
-
-    if (authHeader != null && authHeader.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
-      val token = authHeader.substring(7) // Remove "Bearer " prefix
-      val userOpt = JwtParser.parseToken(token)
-
-      if (userOpt.isPresent) {
-        val user = userOpt.get()
-        requestContext.setSecurityContext(new SecurityContext {
-          override def getUserPrincipal: Principal = user
-          override def isUserInRole(role: String): Boolean =
-            user.isRoleOf(UserRoleEnum.valueOf(role))
-          override def isSecure: Boolean = false
-          override def getAuthenticationScheme: String = "Bearer"
-        })
-      } else {
-        logger.warn("Invalid JWT: Unable to parse token")
-      }
+    val tokenOpt = 
extractBearerToken(requestContext.getHeaderString(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION))
+
+    if (tokenOpt.isEmpty) {
+      if (isPermitAll) return
+      throw new UnauthorizedException(JwtAuthFilter.BearerChallenge)
+    }
+
+    val userOpt = JwtParser.parseToken(tokenOpt.get)
+    if (!userOpt.isPresent) {
+      logger.warn("Invalid JWT: Unable to parse token")
+      throw new UnauthorizedException(JwtAuthFilter.InvalidTokenChallenge)
     }
+
+    val user = userOpt.get()
+    requestContext.setSecurityContext(new SecurityContext {
+      override def getUserPrincipal: Principal = user
+      override def isUserInRole(role: String): Boolean =
+        user.isRoleOf(UserRoleEnum.valueOf(role))
+      override def isSecure: Boolean = false
+      override def getAuthenticationScheme: String = "Bearer"
+    })
   }
+
+  private def isPermitAll: Boolean = {
+    if (resourceInfo == null) return false
+    val m = resourceInfo.getResourceMethod
+    val c = resourceInfo.getResourceClass
+    (m != null && m.isAnnotationPresent(classOf[PermitAll])) ||
+    (c != null && c.isAnnotationPresent(classOf[PermitAll]))
+  }
+
+  // RFC 7235 §2.1: auth-scheme is case-insensitive and the credentials
+  // follow after 1*SP. Tolerate surrounding whitespace and any
+  // capitalization of "Bearer" so that e.g. `authorization: bearer <jwt>`
+  // is accepted instead of being rejected as a malformed header.
+  private def extractBearerToken(authHeader: String): Option[String] = {
+    if (authHeader == null) return None
+    val parts = authHeader.trim.split("\\s+", 2)
+    if (parts.length != 2 || !parts(0).equalsIgnoreCase("Bearer")) return None
+    val token = parts(1).trim
+    if (token.isEmpty) None else Some(token)
+  }
+}
+
+object JwtAuthFilter {
+  // RFC 6750 §3: bare challenge = "please authenticate". The
+  // `error="invalid_token"` parameter signals "the token you sent is
+  // malformed / expired / signature failed" so a well-behaved client can
+  // discard it instead of retrying.
+  val BearerChallenge: String = "Bearer realm=\"texera\""
+  val InvalidTokenChallenge: String = "Bearer realm=\"texera\", 
error=\"invalid_token\""
 }
diff --git 
a/common/auth/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/auth/UnauthorizedException.scala 
b/common/auth/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/auth/UnauthorizedException.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..646f8a1101
--- /dev/null
+++ 
b/common/auth/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/auth/UnauthorizedException.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.texera.auth
+
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.{HttpHeaders, Response}
+import jakarta.ws.rs.ext.{ExceptionMapper, Provider}
+
+/** Carries an RFC 6750 §3 `WWW-Authenticate: Bearer …` challenge to be
+  * returned alongside a `401 Unauthorized` response.
+  *
+  * Extends `RuntimeException` (not `WebApplicationException`) so it can be
+  * constructed without a JAX-RS `RuntimeDelegate` on the classpath, which
+  * keeps unit tests for [[JwtAuthFilter]] independent of any Jersey
+  * implementation. The companion [[UnauthorizedExceptionMapper]] converts
+  * the exception to the actual HTTP response at the JAX-RS edge.
+  *
+  * Constructed with `writableStackTrace = false` because this exception is
+  * thrown on every unauthenticated request and the stack trace is never
+  * inspected — skipping `fillInStackTrace` avoids a per-request CPU hit on
+  * the auth hot path.
+  */
+class UnauthorizedException(val challenge: String)
+    extends RuntimeException(
+      challenge,
+      /* cause = */ null,
+      /* enableSuppression = */ false,
+      /* writableStackTrace = */ false
+    )
+
+/** Maps [[UnauthorizedException]] to a `401` response with the carried
+  * `WWW-Authenticate` challenge header.
+  */
+@Provider
+class UnauthorizedExceptionMapper extends 
ExceptionMapper[UnauthorizedException] {
+  override def toResponse(e: UnauthorizedException): Response =
+    Response
+      .status(Response.Status.UNAUTHORIZED)
+      .header(HttpHeaders.WWW_AUTHENTICATE, e.challenge)
+      .build()
+}
diff --git 
a/common/auth/src/test/scala/org/apache/texera/auth/JwtAuthFilterSpec.scala 
b/common/auth/src/test/scala/org/apache/texera/auth/JwtAuthFilterSpec.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dfab579d48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/auth/src/test/scala/org/apache/texera/auth/JwtAuthFilterSpec.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.texera.auth
+
+import jakarta.annotation.security.PermitAll
+import jakarta.ws.rs.container.{ContainerRequestContext, ResourceInfo}
+import jakarta.ws.rs.core.{HttpHeaders, Response, SecurityContext}
+import org.apache.texera.dao.jooq.generated.enums.UserRoleEnum
+import org.jose4j.jwt.JwtClaims
+import org.scalatest.flatspec.AnyFlatSpec
+import org.scalatest.matchers.should.Matchers
+
+import java.lang.reflect.{Field, Method}
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference
+
+class JwtAuthFilterSpec extends AnyFlatSpec with Matchers {
+
+  // Minimal stand-in for ContainerRequestContext. The filter only reads the
+  // Authorization header and writes a SecurityContext; everything else is
+  // unimplemented.
+  private class StubRequestContext(authHeader: String) extends 
ContainerRequestContext {
+    val securityContext = new AtomicReference[SecurityContext](null)
+
+    override def getHeaderString(name: String): String =
+      if (name == HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION) authHeader else null
+    override def setSecurityContext(context: SecurityContext): Unit = 
securityContext.set(context)
+    override def getSecurityContext: SecurityContext = securityContext.get()
+
+    // unused
+    override def abortWith(response: Response): Unit = ()
+    override def getProperty(x$1: String): Object = null
+    override def getPropertyNames: java.util.Collection[String] =
+      java.util.Collections.emptyList()
+    override def setProperty(x$1: String, x$2: Object): Unit = ()
+    override def removeProperty(x$1: String): Unit = ()
+    override def getRequest: jakarta.ws.rs.core.Request = null
+    override def getMethod: String = null
+    override def setMethod(x$1: String): Unit = ()
+    override def getUriInfo: jakarta.ws.rs.core.UriInfo = null
+    override def setRequestUri(x$1: java.net.URI): Unit = ()
+    override def setRequestUri(x$1: java.net.URI, x$2: java.net.URI): Unit = ()
+    override def getHeaders: jakarta.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap[String, String] 
= null
+    override def getCookies: java.util.Map[String, jakarta.ws.rs.core.Cookie] 
= null
+    override def getDate: java.util.Date = null
+    override def getLanguage: java.util.Locale = null
+    override def getLength: Int = 0
+    override def getMediaType: jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType = null
+    override def getAcceptableMediaTypes: 
java.util.List[jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType] = null
+    override def getAcceptableLanguages: java.util.List[java.util.Locale] = 
null
+    override def hasEntity: Boolean = false
+    override def getEntityStream: java.io.InputStream = null
+    override def setEntityStream(x$1: java.io.InputStream): Unit = ()
+  }
+
+  // Inject @Context ResourceInfo via reflection so tests can flip annotation
+  // states per-case without spinning up Jersey.
+  private def withResourceInfo(filter: JwtAuthFilter, info: ResourceInfo): 
Unit = {
+    val f: Field = classOf[JwtAuthFilter].getDeclaredField("resourceInfo")
+    f.setAccessible(true)
+    f.set(filter, info)
+  }
+
+  private class StubResourceInfo(method: Method, cls: Class[_]) extends 
ResourceInfo {
+    override def getResourceMethod: Method = method
+    override def getResourceClass: Class[_] = cls
+  }
+
+  private def methodOf(cls: Class[_], name: String): Method =
+    cls.getDeclaredMethods.find(_.getName == name).get
+
+  private class RequiredAuthResource { def secured(): Unit = () }
+  private class OptionalAuthResource { @PermitAll def cover(): Unit = () }
+  @PermitAll private class OpenResource { def anything(): Unit = () }
+
+  private def buildClaims(): JwtClaims = {
+    val c = new JwtClaims
+    c.setSubject("alice")
+    c.setClaim("userId", 42)
+    c.setClaim("googleId", "g-123")
+    c.setClaim("email", "[email protected]")
+    c.setClaim("role", UserRoleEnum.ADMIN.name)
+    c.setClaim("googleAvatar", "avatar")
+    c.setExpirationTimeMinutesInTheFuture(10f)
+    c
+  }
+
+  // -------------------- challenge constants --------------------
+
+  "JwtAuthFilter constants" should "match RFC 6750 §3 challenge syntax" in {
+    JwtAuthFilter.BearerChallenge shouldBe "Bearer realm=\"texera\""
+    JwtAuthFilter.InvalidTokenChallenge shouldBe "Bearer realm=\"texera\", 
error=\"invalid_token\""
+  }
+
+  // -------------------- required-auth method --------------------
+
+  "JwtAuthFilter on a required-auth method" should "throw 
UnauthorizedException(BearerChallenge) when no Authorization header is present" 
in {
+    val filter = new JwtAuthFilter
+    withResourceInfo(
+      filter,
+      new StubResourceInfo(
+        methodOf(classOf[RequiredAuthResource], "secured"),
+        classOf[RequiredAuthResource]
+      )
+    )
+    val ctx = new StubRequestContext(null)
+    val thrown = the[UnauthorizedException] thrownBy filter.filter(ctx)
+    thrown.challenge shouldBe JwtAuthFilter.BearerChallenge
+    ctx.getSecurityContext shouldBe null
+  }
+
+  it should "throw UnauthorizedException(BearerChallenge) when the header is 
not a Bearer token" in {
+    val filter = new JwtAuthFilter
+    withResourceInfo(
+      filter,
+      new StubResourceInfo(
+        methodOf(classOf[RequiredAuthResource], "secured"),
+        classOf[RequiredAuthResource]
+      )
+    )
+    val ctx = new StubRequestContext("Basic abc")
+    val thrown = the[UnauthorizedException] thrownBy filter.filter(ctx)
+    thrown.challenge shouldBe JwtAuthFilter.BearerChallenge
+  }
+
+  it should "throw UnauthorizedException(InvalidTokenChallenge) when the 
Bearer token cannot be verified" in {
+    val filter = new JwtAuthFilter
+    withResourceInfo(
+      filter,
+      new StubResourceInfo(
+        methodOf(classOf[RequiredAuthResource], "secured"),
+        classOf[RequiredAuthResource]
+      )
+    )
+    val ctx = new StubRequestContext("Bearer not-a-real-jwt")
+    val thrown = the[UnauthorizedException] thrownBy filter.filter(ctx)
+    thrown.challenge shouldBe JwtAuthFilter.InvalidTokenChallenge
+  }
+
+  it should "install a SecurityContext with the parsed SessionUser when the 
token is valid" in {
+    val filter = new JwtAuthFilter
+    withResourceInfo(
+      filter,
+      new StubResourceInfo(
+        methodOf(classOf[RequiredAuthResource], "secured"),
+        classOf[RequiredAuthResource]
+      )
+    )
+    val ctx = new StubRequestContext(s"Bearer 
${JwtAuth.jwtToken(buildClaims())}")
+
+    filter.filter(ctx)
+
+    val sc = ctx.getSecurityContext
+    sc should not be null
+    sc.getUserPrincipal.asInstanceOf[SessionUser].getUid shouldBe 42
+    sc.getAuthenticationScheme shouldBe "Bearer"
+    sc.isUserInRole(UserRoleEnum.ADMIN.name) shouldBe true
+    sc.isUserInRole(UserRoleEnum.REGULAR.name) shouldBe false
+  }
+
+  // -------------------- @PermitAll opt-out --------------------
+
+  "JwtAuthFilter on a @PermitAll method" should "let an unauthenticated 
request pass through with no SecurityContext" in {
+    val filter = new JwtAuthFilter
+    withResourceInfo(
+      filter,
+      new StubResourceInfo(
+        methodOf(classOf[OptionalAuthResource], "cover"),
+        classOf[OptionalAuthResource]
+      )
+    )
+    val ctx = new StubRequestContext(null)
+    filter.filter(ctx) // must NOT throw
+    ctx.getSecurityContext shouldBe null
+  }
+
+  it should "still throw UnauthorizedException(InvalidTokenChallenge) when a 
token is supplied but invalid" in {
+    val filter = new JwtAuthFilter
+    withResourceInfo(
+      filter,
+      new StubResourceInfo(
+        methodOf(classOf[OptionalAuthResource], "cover"),
+        classOf[OptionalAuthResource]
+      )
+    )
+    val ctx = new StubRequestContext("Bearer not-a-real-jwt")
+    val thrown = the[UnauthorizedException] thrownBy filter.filter(ctx)
+    thrown.challenge shouldBe JwtAuthFilter.InvalidTokenChallenge
+  }
+
+  it should "install a SecurityContext when a valid token is supplied" in {
+    val filter = new JwtAuthFilter
+    withResourceInfo(
+      filter,
+      new StubResourceInfo(
+        methodOf(classOf[OptionalAuthResource], "cover"),
+        classOf[OptionalAuthResource]
+      )
+    )
+    val ctx = new StubRequestContext(s"Bearer 
${JwtAuth.jwtToken(buildClaims())}")
+    filter.filter(ctx)
+    ctx.getSecurityContext.getUserPrincipal.asInstanceOf[SessionUser].getUid 
shouldBe 42
+  }
+
+  "JwtAuthFilter on a class-level @PermitAll" should "honor the class 
annotation when the method has none" in {
+    val filter = new JwtAuthFilter
+    withResourceInfo(
+      filter,
+      new StubResourceInfo(methodOf(classOf[OpenResource], "anything"), 
classOf[OpenResource])
+    )
+    val ctx = new StubRequestContext(null)
+    filter.filter(ctx) // must NOT throw
+    ctx.getSecurityContext shouldBe null
+  }
+
+  "JwtAuthFilter without resource info" should "default to required-auth 
(eager 401)" in {
+    val filter = new JwtAuthFilter
+    // resourceInfo left as null — pre-matching path or test scenario
+    val ctx = new StubRequestContext(null)
+    val thrown = the[UnauthorizedException] thrownBy filter.filter(ctx)
+    thrown.challenge shouldBe JwtAuthFilter.BearerChallenge
+  }
+
+  // -------------------- case-insensitive Bearer scheme --------------------
+
+  // RFC 7235 §2.1: auth-scheme is case-insensitive. The header parser must
+  // accept any capitalization of "Bearer" and tolerate surrounding /
+  // intra-header whitespace.
+  private def filterFor(authHeader: String): StubRequestContext = {
+    val filter = new JwtAuthFilter
+    withResourceInfo(
+      filter,
+      new StubResourceInfo(
+        methodOf(classOf[RequiredAuthResource], "secured"),
+        classOf[RequiredAuthResource]
+      )
+    )
+    val ctx = new StubRequestContext(authHeader)
+    filter.filter(ctx)
+    ctx
+  }
+
+  "JwtAuthFilter Bearer scheme parsing" should "accept lowercase 'bearer'" in {
+    val ctx = filterFor(s"bearer ${JwtAuth.jwtToken(buildClaims())}")
+    ctx.getSecurityContext.getUserPrincipal.asInstanceOf[SessionUser].getUid 
shouldBe 42
+  }
+
+  it should "accept uppercase 'BEARER'" in {
+    val ctx = filterFor(s"BEARER ${JwtAuth.jwtToken(buildClaims())}")
+    ctx.getSecurityContext.getUserPrincipal.asInstanceOf[SessionUser].getUid 
shouldBe 42
+  }
+
+  it should "accept mixed-case 'BeArEr'" in {
+    val ctx = filterFor(s"BeArEr ${JwtAuth.jwtToken(buildClaims())}")
+    ctx.getSecurityContext.getUserPrincipal.asInstanceOf[SessionUser].getUid 
shouldBe 42
+  }
+
+  it should "tolerate leading whitespace before the scheme" in {
+    val ctx = filterFor(s"   Bearer ${JwtAuth.jwtToken(buildClaims())}")
+    ctx.getSecurityContext.getUserPrincipal.asInstanceOf[SessionUser].getUid 
shouldBe 42
+  }
+
+  it should "tolerate multiple spaces between scheme and token" in {
+    val ctx = filterFor(s"Bearer   ${JwtAuth.jwtToken(buildClaims())}")
+    ctx.getSecurityContext.getUserPrincipal.asInstanceOf[SessionUser].getUid 
shouldBe 42
+  }
+
+  it should "tolerate trailing whitespace after the token" in {
+    val ctx = filterFor(s"Bearer ${JwtAuth.jwtToken(buildClaims())}   ")
+    ctx.getSecurityContext.getUserPrincipal.asInstanceOf[SessionUser].getUid 
shouldBe 42
+  }
+
+  it should "reject a Bearer header with no token" in {
+    val filter = new JwtAuthFilter
+    withResourceInfo(
+      filter,
+      new StubResourceInfo(
+        methodOf(classOf[RequiredAuthResource], "secured"),
+        classOf[RequiredAuthResource]
+      )
+    )
+    val ctx = new StubRequestContext("Bearer   ")
+    val thrown = the[UnauthorizedException] thrownBy filter.filter(ctx)
+    thrown.challenge shouldBe JwtAuthFilter.BearerChallenge
+  }
+
+  // -------------------- exception is stack-trace-less --------------------
+
+  // UnauthorizedException is thrown on every unauthenticated request and the
+  // stack is never inspected. Ensure fillInStackTrace was suppressed so the
+  // auth hot path does not pay for stack capture.
+  "UnauthorizedException" should "carry no stack trace" in {
+    val e = new UnauthorizedException(JwtAuthFilter.BearerChallenge)
+    e.getStackTrace.length shouldBe 0
+    e.getMessage shouldBe JwtAuthFilter.BearerChallenge
+  }
+}
diff --git 
a/computing-unit-managing-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/ComputingUnitManagingService.scala
 
b/computing-unit-managing-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/ComputingUnitManagingService.scala
index a15ced30a2..ec5169eee3 100644
--- 
a/computing-unit-managing-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/ComputingUnitManagingService.scala
+++ 
b/computing-unit-managing-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/ComputingUnitManagingService.scala
@@ -25,7 +25,12 @@ import 
io.dropwizard.configuration.{EnvironmentVariableSubstitutor, Substituting
 import io.dropwizard.core.Application
 import io.dropwizard.core.setup.{Bootstrap, Environment}
 import org.apache.texera.amber.config.StorageConfig
-import org.apache.texera.auth.{JwtAuthFilter, RequestLoggingFilter, 
SessionUser}
+import org.apache.texera.auth.{
+  JwtAuthFilter,
+  RequestLoggingFilter,
+  SessionUser,
+  UnauthorizedExceptionMapper
+}
 import org.apache.texera.dao.SqlServer
 import org.apache.texera.service.resource.{
   ComputingUnitAccessResource,
@@ -64,6 +69,7 @@ class ComputingUnitManagingService extends 
Application[ComputingUnitManagingServ
 
     // Register JWT authentication filter
     environment.jersey.register(new AuthDynamicFeature(classOf[JwtAuthFilter]))
+    environment.jersey.register(classOf[UnauthorizedExceptionMapper])
 
     // Enable @Auth annotation for injecting SessionUser
     environment.jersey.register(
diff --git 
a/config-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/ConfigService.scala 
b/config-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/ConfigService.scala
index c787016c27..ae69560781 100644
--- 
a/config-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/ConfigService.scala
+++ 
b/config-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/ConfigService.scala
@@ -26,7 +26,12 @@ import 
io.dropwizard.configuration.{EnvironmentVariableSubstitutor, Substituting
 import io.dropwizard.core.Application
 import io.dropwizard.core.setup.{Bootstrap, Environment}
 import org.apache.texera.amber.config.StorageConfig
-import org.apache.texera.auth.{JwtAuthFilter, RequestLoggingFilter, 
SessionUser}
+import org.apache.texera.auth.{
+  JwtAuthFilter,
+  RequestLoggingFilter,
+  SessionUser,
+  UnauthorizedExceptionMapper
+}
 import org.apache.texera.config.DefaultsConfig
 import org.apache.texera.dao.SqlServer
 import org.apache.texera.service.resource.{ConfigResource, HealthCheckResource}
@@ -65,6 +70,7 @@ class ConfigService extends 
Application[ConfigServiceConfiguration] with LazyLog
 
     // Register JWT authentication filter
     environment.jersey.register(new AuthDynamicFeature(classOf[JwtAuthFilter]))
+    environment.jersey.register(classOf[UnauthorizedExceptionMapper])
 
     // Enable @Auth annotation for injecting SessionUser
     environment.jersey.register(
diff --git 
a/file-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/FileService.scala 
b/file-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/FileService.scala
index cc4174682f..64a2f64eba 100644
--- a/file-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/FileService.scala
+++ b/file-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/FileService.scala
@@ -28,7 +28,12 @@ import io.dropwizard.core.Application
 import io.dropwizard.core.setup.{Bootstrap, Environment}
 import org.apache.texera.amber.config.StorageConfig
 import org.apache.texera.amber.core.storage.util.LakeFSStorageClient
-import org.apache.texera.auth.{JwtAuthFilter, RequestLoggingFilter, 
SessionUser}
+import org.apache.texera.auth.{
+  JwtAuthFilter,
+  RequestLoggingFilter,
+  SessionUser,
+  UnauthorizedExceptionMapper
+}
 import org.apache.texera.dao.SqlServer
 import org.apache.texera.service.`type`.DatasetFileNode
 import org.apache.texera.service.`type`.serde.DatasetFileNodeSerializer
@@ -83,6 +88,7 @@ class FileService extends 
Application[FileServiceConfiguration] with LazyLogging
 
     // Register JWT authentication filter
     environment.jersey.register(new AuthDynamicFeature(classOf[JwtAuthFilter]))
+    environment.jersey.register(classOf[UnauthorizedExceptionMapper])
 
     // Enable @Auth annotation for injecting SessionUser
     environment.jersey.register(
diff --git 
a/file-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/resource/DatasetResource.scala
 
b/file-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/resource/DatasetResource.scala
index 46457c9454..d9bb85cf4b 100644
--- 
a/file-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/resource/DatasetResource.scala
+++ 
b/file-service/src/main/scala/org/apache/texera/service/resource/DatasetResource.scala
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 package org.apache.texera.service.resource
 
 import io.dropwizard.auth.Auth
-import jakarta.annotation.security.RolesAllowed
+import jakarta.annotation.security.{PermitAll, RolesAllowed}
 import jakarta.ws.rs._
 import jakarta.ws.rs.core._
 import org.apache.texera.amber.config.StorageConfig
@@ -2142,6 +2142,11 @@ class DatasetResource {
     */
   @GET
   @Path("/{did}/cover")
+  // Anonymous callers may read covers of public datasets; access checks
+  // below still gate everything else. JwtAuthFilter inspects @PermitAll
+  // to skip its eager 401 when no Bearer header is present, so the
+  // @Auth Optional[SessionUser] parameter is injected as empty.
+  @PermitAll
   def getDatasetCover(
       @PathParam("did") did: Integer,
       @Auth sessionUser: Optional[SessionUser]


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