Horn courses are now Krems courses
Some of us still remember the high-quality one-week courses delivered in Horn, 
Austria between 2011 and 2013 on selected topics in conservation of written 
heritage, such as parchment assessment, parchment making, analysis of dyes, 
conservation of globes, etc. About eight participants from all over the world 
(Australia, Japan, USA and, of course, from across Europe) came to the remote 
place of Horn to focus on a particular topic for one week. These "Horn Courses" 
were interrupted for a few years and will now resume in 2019. The first course 
will be a LIGATUS summer school. The second course, organized as a parallel 
event of the Ink Corrosion Treatment symposium ICC, will be dedicated to 
production, use and conservation of inks.
25 - 27 Oct. 2019
Inks
The course will include the preparation of various inks: a soot ink, two iron 
gall inks (one European, one Oriental), a mixed ink and some other ink-like 
writing substances such as bister, etc. The inks will be prepared following the 
instructions of old texts, which either have been translated or are read in the 
original version (for example, old German). The risk of misinterpretation will 
be highlighted. The inks will be prepared of substances which will be collected 
by the participants or prepared during the course, in any case they will be 
natural substances rather than bought at a shop.
Then the various inks will be applied by course participants on different 
carrier materials such as papyrus, parchment and paper with different surface 
treatment by different writing devices like reed pen and pen. This helps them 
understand how the different inks penetrate the various materials or how they 
stand on the surface and why.
The target is to understand inks as substances in terms of their dependence on 
natural components, their adhesion to carriers and their aging.
Finally, decay mechanisms and the ways of dealing with them in the course of 
conservation will be discussed.
Students will get a bibliography on inks in advance.
 Course language: English
Lecturer: Patricia Engel
Place: University for Continuous Education Krems
Course fee: 200.00 Euros
For additional information about this course and future offerings, please 
contact Dr. Patricia Engel at 
[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>, phone: 
+43 (0)2732 893-2580<tel:+4327328932580>.

Patricia Engel
University for continuing Education Krems (DUK)
Department für Bauen und Umwelt
Zentrum für Kulturgüterschutz
European Research Centre for Book and Paper Conservation-Restoration Karl 
Dorrekstr. 30, 3500 Krems, Austria

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