Email digest for the Global Conservation Forum (ConsDistList) egroup.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 1. RE: Need help identifying water damage on paper

 2. RE: Query: Dense Black Patinas Incorporating Carbon Pigments

 3. Zoom Lecture: London's Lost Victorian and Edwardian Interiors, 20 November 
2025

 4. RE: Calcium deposit on bronze sculptures in fountains

 5. RE: Query: Dense Black Patinas Incorporating Carbon Pigments

 6. Canvas Stamp

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1.From: Prue McKay
 Posted: Friday November 7, 2025  7:23 AM
 Subject: RE: Need help identifying water damage on paper
 Message: 
I would say that you have a combination of things happening but your main 
problem is mould. The ink doesn't seem to have suffered in terms of dissolution 
or movement. Mould has digested the paper in places, so the paper has 
disappeared. In other places the mould is visible and has stained the paper. 
The dark lines might also be tidelines, moving paper degradation products to 
the edges of where the water got to, where they can concentrate and become 
darker over time.


In my institution we simply brush vacuum mouldy items, then digitise them (all 
in an isolated facility for this purpose). Access to the originals is strictly 
controlled and clients must only access the digital copy.


------------------------------
Prue McKay
Senior Conservator
National Archives of Australia
------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
Original Message:
Sent: 11-03-2025 04:09
From: Jetawat Sawadmanaschai
Subject: Need help identifying water damage on paper

Hello colleagues,

As I'm not specializing in the field of paper conservation, I need the 
community's help once more for something I'm currently unsure about. 
While examining a book with visible water damage, I noticed some marks on the 
pages that I can't confidently identify. I'm not sure whether they are mould 
stains, water staining, or perhaps ink that has dissolved due to water expose.
I've attached some images for reference and would greatly appreciate any 
insights or guidance on how to tell the difference between these causes. Thank 
you again for your help and expertise!


------------------------------
Jetawat Sawadmanaschai
Archaeologist / Conservator
Reform Archaeology Co., Ltd.
Bangkok
Thailand

UCL Institute of Archaeology (Alumni)
MA Principle of Conservation
London
United Kingdom
------------------------------


2.From: Daniel Ravizza
 Posted: Friday November 7, 2025  8:35 AM
 Subject: RE: Query: Dense Black Patinas Incorporating Carbon Pigments
 Message: 
Hi Caitlin,


I have used this very same patina for a conservation treatment of Continuum by 
Charles O Perry, a bronze which in on the Mall in Washington DC. I did this a 
few years ago when I was on staff at the Smithsonian National Air and Space 
Museum. It works well and creates a dense hard, opaque surface that looks much 
like flat black spray paint. Please let me know if I can help or if you would 
like more details on how to use and apply it.


Best,


Daniel


------------------------------
Daniel Ravizza
Williamsport, PA
United States
[email protected]
------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
Original Message:
Sent: 11-06-2025 14:27
From: Robert Price
Subject:  Query: Dense Black Patinas Incorporating Carbon Pigments


Dear Caitlin, 

Thank you for pointing out Joanna Rowntree's 2002 OSG abstract - what a shame 
there isn't more.

Generally, torch applied black patinas produced with cupric nitrate and black 
pigment are quite stable, especially if waxed properly and maintained. Andrew 
Baxter and Steve Roy, who just taught at the Getty's second Bronze Patination 
for Conservators Workshop, regularly apply this patina and can speak more 
authoritatively about its longevity based on their decades of experience. 

In terms of patinas "popping off", as Rowntree describes, densely applied 
patinas can potentially spall or flake off but this is usually connected to 
application technique rather than the chemicals or pigments used.

As for the issue with cupric nitrate patinas on silicon bronze resulting in the 
formation of cuprite, which has been described in Patrick Kipper's Patinas for 
Silicon Bronze, this does not always occur and appears to be somewhat dependent 
on environmental factors. 

Lots to discuss here, so please feel free to email or call me directly.



------------------------------
Robert Price
Associate Conservator
J. Paul Getty Museum
Los Angeles
United States

[email protected] <[email protected]>
------------------------------

Original Message:
Sent: 11-05-2025 16:39
From: Caitlin Gallupe
Subject: Query: Dense Black Patinas Incorporating Carbon Pigments


Dear Conservators,
 
I'm a recent Objects conservation graduate working with a private conservator, 
and I've encountered a bronze sculpture featuring a dark, dense surface patina 
composed of a mixture of cupric nitrate and a carbon-based pigment. I'm hoping 
to locate more information on this patination technique and I'd be very 
grateful for any articles, case studies, experiential anecdotes, or references 
to related research on pigmented patinas and their issues/aging. So far, the 
only reference we've been able to locate is an intriguing abstract by the late 
Joanna Rowntree "Issues of contemporary patination on outdoor bronze sculpture" 
from AIC 2002 Objects Specialty Group Postprints, which mentions similar black 
patinas that incorporate carbon-based pigments. 
 
Thank you for any resources you can share,

 Caitlin Gallupe
Victoria BC Canada
[email protected] <[email protected]>


3.From: Lisa Oestreicher
 Posted: Friday November 7, 2025  12:49 PM
 Subject: Zoom Lecture: London's Lost Victorian and Edwardian Interiors, 20 
November 2025
 Message: 
Hello

I would like to publicise a Zoom lecture which will be held on 20 November 
2025.  The information is as follows:

The Historic Interiors Group of the Institute of Conservation presents a Zoom 
lecture:
London's Lost Victorian and Edwardian Interiors

How interior design influenced and reflected the social and cultural life of 
high society in London.  London has always had the best, most fashionable and 
expensive of everything, and in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries 
interior design played a major part in the capital's social and cultural life.
Houses were conceived as stages and settings for grand entertaining and private 
life, as settings for works of art, and as vehicles for self-expression by 
their owners. Many of them accordingly had their homes photographed, especially 
by Bedford Lemere & Company, whose archive is now held by Historic England.
Steven Brindle's lecture, covering the years 1880-1914, is based on the first 
half of his book London - Lost Interiors (Atlantic Publishing, 2024). Steven 
presents a varied array of images of domestic interiors in London, most of 
which are 'lost' in one way or another. The photographs are what survives - and 
the interiors which were photographed represent a small fraction of what once 
existed. They testify to the fact that interior design is a major art form, but 
that it is a fragile and fugitive one.
Zoom lecture

6.30pm – 8pm GMT
20 November 2025 
£10 non-members, Free to ICON members.

If you have any queries regarding the above please do not hesitate to contact 
me.

Best wishes

Lisa
 Lisa Oestreicher

Architectural Paint Research

Tel. 01225 466 374 <tel:01225 466 374>   Mobile 07809 014939 <tel:07809 014939>

www.historicpaint.com <http://www.historicpaint.com/>

 





4.From: Myriam Lavoie
 Posted: Friday November 7, 2025  12:49 PM
 Subject: RE: Calcium deposit on bronze sculptures in fountains
 Message: 
Hello again!
@Craig Deller <https://www.culturalheritage.org/people/craig-deller1>, thank 
you for the information provided. Your experience is quite telling. 
The results we had for the fountain water is 91 mg/L (ppm), which is 
'moderately hard' according to your chart, which seems a helpful comparision. 


Thankfully, the fountain has a modern automated system and the city is open to 
add a filtering component - we just need to figure what system exactly. At 
first read, a lot of softening systems swap calcium / potassium ions for sodium 
ions, which does not seem like a big win with bronzes. But we will shortly have 
a discussion with the company who does the fountain water system maintenance, 
and we will see if they can offer that filters calcium without adding sodium or 
other problematic ions. 


@Martha Singer <https://www.culturalheritage.org/people/martha-singer>, bonjour 
très chère, merci pour le tuyau. J'espère que tu vas bien. Si tu as envie de 
venir pratiquer ton français et manger des bons croissants, tu es toujours la 
bienvenue à Québec. Bises.  


@Tom Podnar 
<https://www.culturalheritage.org/profile?UserKey=b04e06e7-8ef9-41c8-9b53-90f7f5d868ee>,
 thanks for the invitation, I will reach out shortly. 


------------------------------
Myriam Lavoie
Sculpture Conservator
Centre de Conservation du Quebec
Quebec
Canada
------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
Original Message:
Sent: 11-04-2025 11:44
From: Myriam Lavoie
Subject: Calcium deposit on bronze sculptures in fountains


Good day, 

I am looking for information pertaining to acceptable calcium levels in water 
in a fountain and how to possibly reduce it. 

A local museum has a fountain with several bronze sculptures (the fountain part 
is under the care of the city). Most of the sculptures are above water so only 
get splashed, but a few get more water on their surface. They develop a calcium 
/ salt deposit, fast enough that it needs to be removed yearly. Despite waxing 
the bronze sculptures regularly, the salt crust + yearly cleaning ends up 
damaging the patina in some areas, which is problematic. 

The city had the water tested, and the calcium level are considered 'normal' 
for pools and others artificial water features, but I couldn't find pertinent 
informations on what could be acceptable in this setting, to not affect the 
bronze. Otherwise the water quality is quite good, with a neutral pH and no 
chlorine. They are open to make adjustment to the water system with guidance. 

I was wondering if anyone has had a similar situation and done reasearch on 
what systems are beneficial to remove calcium salts, without introducing other 
problematic ions, or if anyone has papers or other references to offer on the 
subject. 



Thanks in advance, as always. 



------------------------------
Myriam Lavoie
Sculpture Conservator
Centre de Conservation du Quebec
Quebec
Canada
------------------------------


5.From: Caitlin Gallupe
 Posted: Friday November 7, 2025  2:11 PM
 Subject: RE: Query: Dense Black Patinas Incorporating Carbon Pigments
 Message: Thank you all so much for your input! It has been very helpful to 
hear your thoughts while figuring out our main condition issue of flecks 
popping off leaving bare copper exposed- as it relates to the patina itself, 
application technique, environmental factors or a delightful mix of all three. 
I will respond to you separately soon off the thread, but thanks again for your 
thoughts and suggestions.
Caitlin GallupeVictoria BC [email protected] 
<[email protected]> 

-------------------------------------------
Original Message:
Sent: 11/7/2025 8:06:00 AM
From: Daniel Ravizza
Subject: RE: Query: Dense Black Patinas Incorporating Carbon Pigments


Hi Caitlin,


I have used this very same patina for a conservation treatment of Continuum by 
Charles O Perry, a bronze which in on the Mall in Washington DC. I did this a 
few years ago when I was on staff at the Smithsonian National Air and Space 
Museum. It works well and creates a dense hard, opaque surface that looks much 
like flat black spray paint. Please let me know if I can help or if you would 
like more details on how to use and apply it.


Best,


Daniel


------------------------------
Daniel Ravizza
Williamsport, PA
United States
[email protected]
------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
Original Message:
Sent: 11-06-2025 14:27
From: Robert Price
Subject:  Query: Dense Black Patinas Incorporating Carbon Pigments


Dear Caitlin, 

Thank you for pointing out Joanna Rowntree's 2002 OSG abstract - what a shame 
there isn't more.

Generally, torch applied black patinas produced with cupric nitrate and black 
pigment are quite stable, especially if waxed properly and maintained. Andrew 
Baxter and Steve Roy, who just taught at the Getty's second Bronze Patination 
for Conservators Workshop, regularly apply this patina and can speak more 
authoritatively about its longevity based on their decades of experience. 

In terms of patinas "popping off", as Rowntree describes, densely applied 
patinas can potentially spall or flake off but this is usually connected to 
application technique rather than the chemicals or pigments used.

As for the issue with cupric nitrate patinas on silicon bronze resulting in the 
formation of cuprite, which has been described in Patrick Kipper's Patinas for 
Silicon Bronze, this does not always occur and appears to be somewhat dependent 
on environmental factors. 

Lots to discuss here, so please feel free to email or call me directly.



------------------------------
Robert Price
Associate Conservator
J. Paul Getty Museum
Los Angeles
United States

[email protected] <[email protected]>
------------------------------

Original Message:
Sent: 11-05-2025 16:39
From: Caitlin Gallupe
Subject: Query: Dense Black Patinas Incorporating Carbon Pigments


Dear Conservators,
 
I'm a recent Objects conservation graduate working with a private conservator, 
and I've encountered a bronze sculpture featuring a dark, dense surface patina 
composed of a mixture of cupric nitrate and a carbon-based pigment. I'm hoping 
to locate more information on this patination technique and I'd be very 
grateful for any articles, case studies, experiential anecdotes, or references 
to related research on pigmented patinas and their issues/aging. So far, the 
only reference we've been able to locate is an intriguing abstract by the late 
Joanna Rowntree "Issues of contemporary patination on outdoor bronze sculpture" 
from AIC 2002 Objects Specialty Group Postprints, which mentions similar black 
patinas that incorporate carbon-based pigments. 
 
Thank you for any resources you can share,

 Caitlin Gallupe
Victoria BC Canada
[email protected] <[email protected]>


6.From: Heather Galloway
 Posted: Friday November 7, 2025  9:34 PM
 Subject: Canvas Stamp
 Message: 
I have an unlined British painting in my studio from 1822 that has a repeated 
canvas stamp that is difficult to read.  The artist worked in London.  The 
stamp is topped with a crown and the bottom appears to read "2J8" but most of 
the image did not take well to the linen.  I'm attaching an image of the 
clearest impression in the hopes that someone might recognize it.  


Thanks,


Heather



------------------------------
Heather Galloway
Conservator, Fellow
Galloway Art Conservation
1305 W 80th St. Suite #225
Cleveland, OH 44102
------------------------------




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