Ingredient Substitutions |
Use this alphabetical list to find common substitutes for ingredients you
may not have on hand.
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
acorn squash
butternut squash, pumpkin
allspice (1 tsp)
1/2 tsp ground cinnamon + 1/2 tsp ground cloves + pinch of ground nutmeg
almond butter
peanut butter, cashew butter
almond extract (1/2 tsp)
vanilla extract (3/4 tsp)
amberjack
mahi-mahi, grouper, tilefish, mullet
apples
pears or quinces
apple juice
apple cider, pear cider, or white grape juice
apple pie spice (1 tbsp)
2 tsp ground cinnamon + 1 tsp ground nutmeg + pinch ground allspice
applesauce
pumpkin puree or plum puree
arugula
watercress, baby spinach, belgian endive, escarole, radicchio
Asiago cheese
Parmesan cheese, Pecorino Romano cheese
asparagus
broccoli, canned hearts of palm, green beans
avocado
cooked chayote squash
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
bacon
pancetta, prosciutto, smoked sausage, ham
baking powder (1 tsp)
1/4 tsp baking soda + 1/4 cornstarch + 1/2 tsp cream of tartar
barbecue sauce (1 cup)
1 cup ketchup + 1/2 to 1 tsp liquid smoke seasoning
beer (for soups and stews)
chicken or beef stock, red wine, sake
belgian endive
radicchio, arugula, watercress
bell pepper; roasted red
chopped jarred pimientos
blackberries
loganberries, boysenberries, raspberries
blueberries
huckleberries, red currants, raspberries, strawberries
blue cheese
feta cheese
bok choy
napa cabbage, collard greens
boysenberries
blackberries, raspberries
dry bread crumbs
crushed tortilla chips, crushed dry stuffing mix, crushed pretzels, crushed
cornflakes, crushed potato chips
broccoli
cauliflower
brussels sprouts
broccoli florets, chopped green cabbage
butter
1/4 cup buttermilk + 1/4 cup unsweetened applesauce
buttermilk
1 tbsp lemon juice or vinegar + enough milk to equal 1 cup (for baking, let
stand for a few minutes before using), plain yogurt, sour cream
butternut squash
pumpkin, sweet potato
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
Canadian bacon
smoked ham, pancetta, bacon
caraway seeds
dill seeds, anise seeds
cardamom (1/2 tsp)
1/4 tsp ground cinnamon + 1/4 tsp ground nutmeg or cloves
carrots
parnsips, turnips
catfish
tilapia, grouper
cauliflower
broccoli
cayenne pepper
chipotle powder, hot paprika, crushed red papper flakes, chili powder
celery salt
Old Bay seasoning
celery seed
celery salt, dill seeds
chard
turnip greens, spinach, mustard greens
Cheddar cheese
Colby cheese, American cheese
chicken (ground)
ground turkey, veal, turkey breast
chile pepper (fresh, minced)
1 tsp hot pepper sauce, 1 to 3 tsp chile paste, 1/4 to 1/2 tsp ground
cayenne, 3/4 tsp crushed red pepper flakes, 1 tsp paprika
chile powder (1 tsp)
1 tsp cayenne pepper, 1 to 2 tsp paprika, 1 tsp chili powder
chili powder (1 tsp)
1/2 to 1 tsp cayenne papper, 1 to 2 tsp paprika, 1 tsp chile oil
chocolate, bittersweet (1oz)
2 heaping tbsp unsweetened cocoa powder + 1 to 1/3 tbsp granulated sugar + 1
1/2 tsp butter, shortening, or vegetable oil
chocolate, semisweet (1 oz)
3 tbsp unsweetened cocoa powder + 1 to 1/2 tbsp granulated sugar + 1 1/2 tsp
butter, shortening, or vegetable oil
chocolate, unsweetened (1 oz)
3 tbsp unsweetened cocoa powder + 1 tbsp butter, shortening, or vegetable
oil
chorizo
andouille sausage, hot Italian sausage
cloves
allspice
coffee liqueur (3 tbsp)
3 tbsp water + 3/4 tsp insant coffee granules, 3 tbsp cognac, 3 tbsp rum
collards
kale, mature spinach, mustard greens, turnip greens
corned beef
pastrami
cornstarch (1 tbsp, for thickening)
flour (3 tbsp)
corn syrup, dark (1 cup)
honey, 1 1/4 cup packed brown sugar dissolved in 1/4 cup hot water (or
liquid from recipe)
corn syrup, light (1 cup)
honey, 1 1/4 cups granulated sugar dissolved in 1/4 cup hot water (or liquid
from recipe); molasses
cottage cheese
ricotta cheese
couscous
quinoa, brown rice
crab boil seasoning
Old Bay seasoning; pickling spice
cracker crumbs (1 cup)
1 1/4 cup dry bread crumbs, 1 1/2 cup crushed croutons or stuffing cubes, 1
cup panko
crayfish
shrimp, lobster, crab
cream cheese
ricotta cheese (for cooking)
cream, half-and-half (1 cup)
1 tbsp melted unsalted butter + enough whole milk to equal 1 cup, 3/4 cup
whole milk + 1/4 cup heavy or whipping cream, 1 cup evaporated milk (for
baking)
cream, light (1 cup)
3 tbsp melted unsalted butter + whole milk to equal 1 cup; 1/2 cup heavy or
whipping cream plus 1/2 cup whole milk; 1/2 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup
whole
milk
cream, light whipping (1 cup)
3/4 cup whole milk + 1/4 cup melted unsalted butter, 1 cup heavy or whipping
cream
cream of tartar (1 tsp)
1 tbsp distilled white vinegar or lemon juice (to add acidity to liquids)
cream, whipping (1 cup)
2/3 cup whole milk + 1/3 cup melted unsalted butter, 2/3 cup evaporated
milk
croissants
crescent rolls from refrigerated dough
cucumber
small zucchini
cumin, ground
chili powder, ground coriander
table end
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
dill
tarragon
dill seeds
caraway seeds, celery seeds
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
egg noodles
dried linguine, fettuccine, pappardelle
eggplant
portobello mushroom caps, zucchini, yellow squash
egg substitute (3 tbsp)
2 egg whites, 1 large egg
egg white (1 lg)
2 tsp meringue powder + 3 tbsp water, 1 tbsp ground flaxseed simmered in 3
tbsp water
egg
2 lg whole egg yolks + 1 tbsp cold water, 3 tbsp vegetable oil + 1 tbsp
water (for baking), 1 tsp cornstarch + 3 tbsp additional liquid in recipe
(for
thickening), 3 tbsp water/milk + 3 tbsp flour + 1 1/2 tsp shortening + 1/2
tsp baking powder (for baking)
evaporated milk (1 cup)
2 1/4 cups whole milk, simmered until reduced to 1 cup
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
fish sauce
soy sauce, fermented tofu
flaxseed
wheat germ, wheat bran, oat bran, butter/margarine/oil (to replace ground
flaxseed as fat)
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
garam marsala (1 tbsp)
1/2 tsp ground cumin + 1/2 tsp ground coriander + 1/2 tsp ground black
pepper + 1/2 tsp ground cardamom + 1/2 tsp ground cinnamon + 1/4 tsp ground
cloves
(toast spices just before using)
garlic (1 clove fresh)
1/2 to 1 tsp minced shallots, 1/8 tsp garlic powder, 1/4 tsp granulated
garlic, 1/2 tsp garlic salt (omit 1/2 tsp salt from recipe)
garlic salt (1 tsp)
1/4 tsp garlic powder + 3/4 tsp salt
ginger, crystallized (3 tbsp)
2 tsp minced fresh ginger + 1/8 to 1/2 tsp granulated sugar, 1/8 tsp ground
ginger
ginger, fresh (1 tbsp)
1/8 tsp ground ginger (for baking)
ginger, ground (1 tsp, for baking)
1 tbsp grated or minced fresh ginger, 1 tsp pumpkin pie spice, 1 tsp
allspice
Greek seasoning (1 tsp)
1 tsp dried oregano + 3/4 tsp onion powder + 3/4 tsp garlic powder + 1/2 tsp
ground black pepper + 1/4 tsp dried mint + pinch of cinnamon + pinch of
nutmeg
grenadine (1 tsp)
2 to 3 tsp pomegranate juice (reduce liquid and add sugar as necessary), 1
tsp raspberry syrup
grouper
striped bass, cod, catfish, red snapper
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
haddock
cod, pollock, blackfish, grouper, red snapper, sea bass
halibut
cod, haddock, striped bass
harissa (1 tbsp)
chile paste, 1 to 3 tsp hot sauce
hearts of palm
canned or marinated artichoke hearts, cooked asparagus
herbes de Provence (3 tbsp)
2 tsp dried thyme + 2 tsp dried savory + 1 tsp dried marjoram + 1 tsp dried
lavender + 1/2 tsp dried rosemary + 1/2 tsp fennel seeds + 1 crushed bay
leaf
honey (1 cup)
1 1/4 cups granulated sugar + 1/4 cup liquid called for in recipe, 1/2 cup
granulated sugar + 3/4 cup maple syrup
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
Italian seasoning (2 tsp)
1 tsp dried oregano + 1/2 tsp dried basil + 1/2 tsp dried thyme
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
kale
collard greens, turnip greens, mustard greens, spinach
ketchup (1 cup)
1 cup tomato sauce + 1/4 cup granulated sugar + 3 tbsp apple cider vinegar +
1/2 tsp salt + pinch ground cloves, chili sauce, barbecue sauce
kielbasa
Cajun andouille sausage, Spanish chorizo
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
lamb
beef, pork, veal, mutton
lard (1 cup)
vegetable shortening, 1 cup + 3 tbsp unsalted butter, bacon fat
leeks (chopped)
chopped green onions or scallions, chopped shallots, chopped sweet or
storage onions
lemongrass (1 stalk)
1 1/2 tsp lemon zest + 1/8 minced fresh ginger
lemon pepper seasoning (1 tsp)
1/2 tsp grated fresh lemon zest + 1/4 tsp salt + 1/8 tsp ground black
pepper
lima beans
green peas, edamame, sugar snap peas, chickpeas, red kidney peas, black-eyed
peas, cannellini beans
liquid smoke (2 drops)
2 slices bacon, 1 tsp canning liquid from canned chipotle peppers, 1/2 tsp
paprika
lobster
crayfish, jumbo shrimp, crab, scallops
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
mackerel
mahi-mahi, pompano, striped bass, tuna
mahi-mahi
tuna, pompano, swordfish
marjoram
sweet basil, summer savory
marscapone cheese (1 cup)
1/2 cup cream cheese + 1/2 cup sour cream blended until smooth, 3/4 cup
cream cheese + 1/4 cup heavy or whipping cream blended until smooth, 1/2 cup
ricotta
cheese + 1/2 cup heavy or whipping cream blended until smooth
mayonnaise
sour cream, yogurt
milk, whole
1 cup minus 3 tbsp fat-free milk + 3 tbsp melted butter or margarine
mint
basil
mozzarella cheese
provolone cheese, gouda cheese
mussels
oysters, soft-shelled or littleneck clams, scallops
mustard greens
turnip greens, arugula, collard greens, kale
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
napa cabbage
green or red cabbage, collard greens
nectarines
peaches, plums, apricots, cherries
nutmeg
ground mace, ground allspice, ground cinnamon, apple pie spice, pumpkin pie
spice
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
oat flour (1 cup)
1 1/4 cups old-fashioned oatmeal, ground in blender
oil, vegetable (1/2 cup)
1/4 cup buttermilk + 1/4 cup well-drained, unsweetened applesauce or baby
food prunes (for baking)
okra (2 cups)
green beans, asparagus, broccoli, 1 tbsp filé powder or 2 tsp cornstarch
mixed with 1 tbsp cold water (for thickening, especially in gumbo)
Old Bay seasoning
crab boil, pickling spice
olive oil
corn oil, canola oil, peanut oil
onion flakes (1 tbsp)
3/4 to 1 tsp onion powder, 1/2 cup chopped fresh or frozen onion
onion, green (1 bunch)
1 bunch scallions, 3 cups chopped shallots
onion (1 cup)
2 tbsp dried onion flakes, 1 1/2 to 2 tsp onion powder
orange roughy
flounder, red snapper, tilapia
oregano
marjoram, thyme, fresh basil, summer savory
oysters
mussels, soft-shell clams, littleneck clams, scallops
oyster liquor
fresh or bottled clam juice
oyster sauce
2 tsp soy sauce or teriyaki sauce + 1 tsp canning liquid from canned oysters
+ pinch of sugar (if using soy sauce)
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
pancetta
Canadian bacon, bacon, prosciutto
papaya
mango, peaches, nectarines
paprika
chili powder
Parmesan cheese
Pecorino Romano cheese, aged Asiago cheese
peaches
nectarines, apricots, plums, cherries, mango
pears
apples, asian pears, quinces
Pecorino cheese
Parmesan cheese, aged Asiago cheese
pickling spice
crab boil, Old Bay seasoning
pineapple
papaya, guava, mango
pineapple juice
orange juice, grapefruit juice
pine nuts
walnuts, almonds, pecans
pomegranate juice
cranberry juice
pompano
mahi-mahi, tuna
poultry seasoning (1 tsp)
3/4 tsp dried thyme + 1/2 tsp crushed or rubbed sage + 1/2 tsp dried
marjoram + 1/4 tsp ground black pepper
Provolone cheese
mozzarella cheese, Fontina cheese
puff pastry
phyllo dough, pie dough
pumpkin
butternut squash, sweet potato
pumpkin pie spice (1 tsp)
1/2 tsp ground cinnamon + 1/4 tsp ground nutmeg + 1/4 tsp ground ginger +
1/8 tsp groud cloves; 1 tsp apple pie spice
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
quail
young pheasant, cornish hen
queso fresco
feta cheese (rinsed to remove some salt)
quinoa
couscous, bulgur
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
radicchio
belgian endive, arugula, watercress
radishes
turnips, parsnips
raisins
other dried fruits like apricots, blueberries, cranberries, or cherries
raspberries
strawberries, blackberries
red cabbage
green cabbage, brussels sprouts, napa cabbage
red snapper
striped bass, grouper, halibut
rhubarb
cranberries
ricotta cheese
puréed cottage cheese, fromage blanc, mashed firm tofu
romaine lettuce
iceberg lettuce, butterhead lettuce
romano cheese
Parmesan cheese, aged Asiago cheese
rosemary
summer savory, basil, oregano
rum
brandy, bourbon
rutabaga
turnips, broccoli stems
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
saffron (10-15 threads)
1/2 tsp turmeric + 1/2 tsp mild paprika
sage (1 tbsp)
3 to 4 tsp summer savory thyme, basil, or oregano; 1 tbsp rosemary; 1 to 2
tsp poultry seasoning
salami
pepperoni, spanish chorizo, prosciutto, summer sausage
salmon
trout, striped bass, tuna
savory (1 tbsp)
2 to 3 tsp chopped thyme or rosemary, 1 to 1 1/2 tsp thyme + 1 to 1/2 tsp
mint, 1 to 2 tsp sage, 1 tsp herbes de Provence
scallion (1 bunch)
1 bunch green onions, 3 to 4 cups chopped leeks
scallops
mussels, clams, oysters, shrimp, lobster
sesame oil, toasted (1 tsp)
2 tsp crushed and toasted sesame seeds + 1 tsp peanut oil
sesame seeds
white or black poppy seeds; finely chopped peanuts, almonds, or cashews
shallot (1 chopped)
1/4 cup chopped leeks or red onions + 1/2 tsp minced garlic; 1/4 cup chopped
green onions or scallions (white and light green parts only)
sherry
sake, port, dry white wine + pinch of sugar
shrimp
prawns, crab, lobster, scallops
snapper
striped bass, grouper, halibut
sole
flounder, cod, whiting
sorghum molasses
light or dark corn syrup, honey, pure maple syrup
sour cream
plain yogurt, 1/3 melted unsalted butter + 3/4 cup milk + 1 tsp lemon juice
(for baking)
soy sauce (1 tbsp)
scant 3/4 tsp kosher salt + 1/2 tsp granulated sugar dissolved in 1 tbsp hot
water, teriyaki sauce
spinach
beet greens, turnip greens, kale, arugula, watercess
stock, beef (1 cup)
1 cup boiling water + 1 beef bouillon cube, 1 cup canned beef broth, 1 cup
red wine or beer (can replace up to half of beef stock in sauce and stews)
stock, chicken (1 cup)
1 cup boiling water + 1 chicken bouillon cube, 1 cup canned chicken broth
stock, vegetable (1 cup)
1 cup boiling water + 1 vegetable bouillon cube, 1 cup canned vegetable
broth
strawberries
raspberries, blueberries
striped bass
grouper, red snapper
sugar, confectioner's (1 cup)
1/2 cup + 1 1/2 tbsp granulated sugar + 3/4 tsp cornstarch, fine ground in
blender or food processor
sugar, dark brown (1 packed cup)
1 cup granulated sugar + 2 to 3 tbsp molasses
sugar, light brown (1 packed cup)
1 cup granulated sugar + 1 to 2 tbsp molasses, 1/2 cup dark brown sugar +
1/2 cup granulated sugar
summer sausage
salami or other dry sausage, pepperoni, bologna
sweetened condensed milk (1 14 oz can)
1 cup evaporated milk + 1 1/4 cups granulated sugar, heated until sugar
dissolves
sweet potato
pumpkin, butternut squash
Swiss cheese
Provolone cheese, Gruyère cheese
swordfish
tuna, mahi-mahi, grouper, halibut
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
taco seasoning (1 tbsp)
2 tsp pure chile powder + 1/4 tsp dried oregano + 1/4 tsp ground cumin + 1/8
tsp garlic powder + 1/8 tsp onion powder + pinch of cayenne pepper + salt
to taste
tahini (1 cup)
3/4 cup peanut butter + 1/4 cup untoasted sesame oil
tarragon
dill
tequila
vodka, light rum
teriyaki sauce (1/2 cup)
1/3 cup soy sauce + 3 tbsp rice vinegar + 3 tsp sugar or honey
thyme
marjoram, oregano, basil, summer savory
tilapia
red snapper, orange roughy, sole, flounder
tomatoes (1 lb)
1 1/2 cups canned whole tomatoes, 3 tbsp tomato paste (to replace cooked
tomatoes)
tomato juice (1 cup)
1/2 cup tomato purée or tomato sauce + 1/2 cup water, 1/4 cup tomato paste +
3/4 cup water
tomato paste (1 tbsp)
2 to 3 tbsp tomato purée or tomato sauce, boil until reduced to 1 tbsp
tomato purée (1 cup)
1/3 cup tomato paste + 2/3 cup water, tomato sauce
tomato sauce (1 cup)
1/2 cup tomato paste + 1/2 cup water, 1 cup canned stewed tomatoes, blended
until smooth
trout
salmon, ocean perch
tuna
swordfish, mahi-mahi, striped bass, salmon
turmeric (1/4 to 1/2 tsp)
1/4 to 1/2 tsp ground ginger + 1 to 2 tsp minced fresh ginger, 5 to 7
saffron threads, 1/2 tsp curry powder
turnips
parsnips, rutabaga, broccoli stems
turnip greens
mustard greens, collards, kale, mature spinach
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
vanilla bean (1 8-inch pod)
2 to 3 tsp vanilla extract
vegetable shortening (1 cup)
1 cup + 2 tbsp unsalted butter (baking), 1 cup bacon fat (sautéing and
frying)
vermouth
dry sherry, dry white wine
vinegar
lemon juice or lime juice (for dressings, marinades, sauces, and deglazing
pans)
vodka
gin, white rum, tequila
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
walnuts
pine nuts, pecans, almonds
wasabi (1 tbsp)
1 tbsp well-drained prepared horseradish, 1 tbsp mustard powder + 1 tsp
water (mix, cover, and let rest for 15 minutes)
watermelon
honeydew melon
whipped cream (1 cup)
12 oz can evaporated milk, chilled overnight, mixed with 1 tbsp lemon juice,
whipped until stiff, beat in 1 tsp vanilla extract and 1/4 cup
confectioner's
sugar
whiskey
cognac, brandy, or rum
whitefish
perch, lake trout
whiting
cod, flounder, ocean perch, red snapper
wine, red (1 cup)
3/4 cup red grape juice + 2 tbsp red wine vinegar or lemon juice + 2 tbsp
water (for marinades), beef stock (for sauces and stews)
wine, white (1 cup)
3/4 cup white grape juice, apple juice, or apple cider + 1/4 cup white wine
vinegar or lemon juice (for marinades), sherry or vermouth, sake, chicken or
vegetable stock (for sauce and stews)
worcestershire sauce (1 tbsp)
2 tsp soy sauce + 4 drops hot pepper sauce + 1/4 lemon juice + 1/4 tsp
granulated sugar
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
yellow squash
zucchini, pattypan squash
yogurt
sour cream, crème fraîche, silken tofu (blended), mayonnaise
Ingredient:
Substitute with:
zucchini
yellow squash, pattypan squash
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