Hi Andrew H, Andrew D, and Raffaello, Thank you all for your kind reply and helpful comments.
Now I got where the rules come from. But I don't think the IEEE standars are reasonable to specify conflits rules. Maybe, these computations should be open to be implementation dependent. (If it's possible) I really hope the special cases of Math.pow(x, 0.5) can be aligned with Math.sqrt(x) in Java. We already allow some plausible behaviors to be different with the IEEE recommendations for some special cases, right? And in that case, we can replace pow(x, 0.5) with sqrt(x) safely. Thanks. Best regards, Jie On 2021/4/12, 6:40 PM, "Raffaello Giulietti" <[email protected]> wrote: Hi Jie, the behavior you report is the one specified by the standard IEEE 754. Java follows this standard as closely as it can. The standard says that * squareRoot(-0) = -0 * squareRoot(-∞) = NaN Also, the standard has a long lists of special cases for pow(x, y), among them: * pow(±0, y) is +0 for finite y > 0 and not an odd integer * pow(-∞, y) is +∞ for finite y > 0 and not an odd integer Thus, the conflicts you observe originate in following the standard, not by special Java rules. Unfortunately, the IEEE standard does not explain the reasons for the special rules. Some are obvious, some are not. HTH Raffaello > Hi all, > > I found Math.pow(x, 0.5) and Math.sqrt(x) would compute different values as the following: > ``` > Math.pow(-0.0, 0.5) = 0.0 > Math.sqrt(-0.0) = -0.0 > > Math.pow(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, 0.5) = Infinity > Math.sqrt(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) = NaN > ``` > > The reason is that both of pow and sqrt have special rules for these computations. > For example, this rule [1] specifies Math.pow(-0.0, 0.5) must be 0.0. > And this one [2] specifies Math.sqrt(-0.0) must be -0.0. > And we do have rules for Math.pow(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, 0.5) = Infinity and Math.sqrt(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY) = NaN too. > > I think most people will be confused by these rules because from the view of mathematics, Math.pow(x, 0.5) should be equal to Math.sqrt(x). > > So why Java creates conflict special rules for them? > Is it possible to let Math.pow(-0.0, 0.5) = -0.0 and Math.pow(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, 0.5) = NaN also be allowed? > > I came across this problem when I was trying to optimize pow(x, 0.5) with sqrt(x). > If pow(x, 0.5)'s two special rules can be aligned with sqrt(x), then pow(x, 0.5)'s performance can be improved by 7x~14x [3]. > > Thanks. > Best regards, > Jie
