Interestingly (for those who believe that Wikipedia is a generally suspect resource), the referenced article carries information on JC Bose' experiments, establishing in particular that they predated Marconi's work.
As has been seen in the case of both Darwin and Liebniz (evolution and calculus respectively), publishing has been taken as more important than demonstrating, but Bose deliberately chose to publish rather than patent, not applying for any patent until 1904, when he took a patent for a receiver. Yet the popular impression is that Marconi invented wireless telegraphy, and he was even given a Nobel in 1909 (sharing it with Herman Braun) for an innovation that he could not even patent. More significant contributors, such as Popov, have remained pretty well unsung in history. This seems to be an example of scientific duplicity of the most extraordinary kind. Marconi did not even send the first voice signal. Stubblefield, incidentally, working just about the same time as Tesla, did not believe that his experiments centered around electromagnetic waves at all. He was more concerned about finding a universal source of energy, and the signalling that took place from his apparatus was a side-effect of an attempt to transmit energy wirelessly. Tesla is also misquoted in one of the references as not seeing any practical use for wireless signalling, and that it was wasteful of energy, but many articles have been published that he too sought to invent lossless (and wireless) energy transmission, and I suspect that his remark was aimed along these lines. Oddly, the first reference, Douglas Smith's article from World Radio (2006), does not even mention Bose. Incidentally, I recall a (possibly apocryphal) story that Marconi found out about radio in the course of a cross-channel steamer journey, possibly in 1894, when he met Bose (who was on his way to present a paper to the Royal Society about his successful Calcutta experiments). I have not been able to find the story online. Other references Georges has quoted mention that he discovered it from his reading of Tesla's published work. At any rate, although Marconi was probably quite a gifted entrepreneur, he seems not to have had too many scruples about claiming credit for anything that would further his business interests. As many who have the good fortune to meet with Italian wireless enthusiasts will affirm, the country came into its own during the past 30 years or so, when it allowed licencefree low power radio broadcasting, which led to tremendous development of inexpensive radio transmitters. While there are many gifted radio developers around the world, Italy probably stands out for its concentration of talent. India's abject failure to build a reservoir of skill here is a black stain, reflecting its true attitude to scientific research and development. Vickram http://communicall.wordpress.com http://vvcrishna.wordpress.com ________________________________ From: George Lessard <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Sent: Thursday, 29 January, 2009 1:23:33 Subject: [cr-india] Who Invented Radio? Who Invented Radio? Historical accounts of discovery and invention sometimes sidestep the truth. The development of radio provides a case in point. http://www.ccrane.com/library/who-invented-radio.aspx Who Invented Radio? With his newly created Tesla coils, the inventor soon discovered that he could transmit and receive powerful radio signals when they were tuned to resonate at the same frequency. When a coil is tuned to a signal of a particular frequency, it literally magnifies the incoming electrical energy through resonant action. By early 1895, Tesla was ready to transmit a signal 50 miles to West Point, New York... But in that same year, disaster struck. A building fire consumed Tesla's lab, destroying his work. http://www.pbs.org/tesla/ll/ll_whoradio.html Who Invented Radio? Radio was not invented by any single person, but instead was a culmination of several scientists' research, each of whom pioneered a different area of electromagnetic radiation and radio waves during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Among these men are well known researchers such as Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, James Clerk Maxwell, David E. Hughes, Thomas Edison, and Nikola Tesla. http://www.tech-faq.com/who-invented-radio.shtml Who invented radio? The answer lies in how you define "radio" or "wireless." It has something to do with whether you prefer an elite or populist view of historical causation. http://www.davidsarnoff.org/rcatechradio.html Just Who Invented Radio And Which Was The First Station? If you ask most people who invented Radio, the name Marconi comes to mind. Usually KDKA Pittsburgh is the response when you ask about the first Radio station. But are these really Radio's firsts? In the interest of curiosity and good journalism, we set out to determine if these were in fact Radio's firsts. http://www.qsl.net/n7jy/radiohst.html Invention of radio From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article covers the main arguments about who had what part in the early development of radio. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention_of_radio History of radio From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio List of oldest radio stations From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The title of Oldest Radio Station is disputed by several in Europe (UK and Germany), and in the United States and Canada. Several potential contenders for the title of "Oldest radio station" are listed below, organized by sign-on date: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_world%27s_oldest_radio_station _______________________________________________ cr-india mailing list [email protected] https://mail.sarai.net/mailman/listinfo/cr-india
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