-Caveat Lector- <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">
</A> -Cui Bono?-
I've wondered before whether there was any connection to the rumored
intelligence activity going on in Jonestown, Guiana, where Jim Jones took
his cult and the fact that the land had been a Dutch colonial territory.
http://www.uio.no/~geirthe/Guyana.html
The country used to be known as British Guyana, but the Dutch came first,
and it shows in the remains of colonial infrastructure and in proper names
like Stabroek, Vreed en Hoop and New Amsterdam. The English legacy is also
absurdly visible in the bauxite town of Everton and the nondescript
settlement on the lower Demerara called Hyde Park. Although Guyana is
geographically a part of South America, its history is Caribbean. To the
standard story of conquest, West African slave trade, sugar cane, mutinies,
emerging colour hierarchies and wars between European powers - including the
Napoleonic one which led to a major reshuffling of cards - one may add the
absurdity of Indian indentureship from the 1840s until well after the turn
of the twentieth century. As the slaves were freed, most of them left the
plantations, and new labour was acutely needed. The most obvious source was
the imperial subcontinent teeming with cheap human life, a few million of
whom were coaxed into tempting deals with glib agents coming upstream from
Calcutta and promising affluence in faraway lands called Fiji, Natal,
Mauritius, Trinidad and Guyana.
Illiterates signed contracts and boarded ships where thousands of them were
to perish, only to discover, shortly after arrival in the new land, that the
contract was a fraud. A perceptive historian has labelled the indentureship
system a new form of slavery. The descendants of the indentured labourers in
the New World, collectively known as East Indians, fight for their human
dignity and cultural identity in hostile, massively Afro-Caribbean
environments. The loss of language has nearly been complete, and the erosion
of custom is only feebly counteracted by Brahminical calls for purity. In
Guyana as compared to Trinidad, Indian concerns are less oriented towards
keeping up an appearance. Numbering roughly half the population of the
country, Indo-Guyanese are mainly rurals, peasants, marginal. A man in a New
Amsterdam bar - an Afro, mind you, Indo-Guyanese rarely frequent urban
bars - told me that through his childhood memories of Indians he saw them as
emaciated wretches, with ugly teeth and soiled clothes, speaking strange
rural dialects interspersed with snippets of Hindi, and blank staring faces
which had appeared regularly in his nightmares. He had, like so many black
Guyanese, been taught to respect the white man, to despise the Amerindian
and to treat the East Indian with caution. The East Indian, he told me, is a
slimy bastard, never to be trusted, with disgusting manners and pagan
religion.
++++
http://www.joc.com/special/joc100/alumship.htm
Alcoa mines bauxite ore, aluminum's raw material, from its operations in Sao
Paulo, Brazil, and western Australia. From four tons of bauxite, companies
can refine about two tons of alumina, a powdery oxide.Alumina is used to
purify water and to make refractory bricks, ceramics, adhesives, catalysts
and fire-retardant fillers for plastics and fabrics. Alcoa sells 59% of its
10.6 million metric tons of alumina production to third parties.
"That's where the shipping comes in," the spokeswoman said. Alcoa has its
own shipping subsidiary, Alcoa Steamship Co. The remainder of the alumina is
reduced by smelting, an electrolytic process, into primary aluminum. Alcoa
refines and puts the alumina into its smelters in Brazil and Australia.
Two tons of alumina become one ton of primary aluminum, which can become
60,000 soft drink cans.
Alcoa, the world's largest producer of aluminum and alumina, shipped 2.8
million metric tons of aluminum products last year, up from 2.5 million
metric tons in 1995.
A spokeswoman for Reynolds said the firm will maintain the requirements for
its operations around the world. That means mining bauxite.
Reynolds gets its bauxite from Australia, Brazil, Guinea, Guyana and Jamaica
and sends it by ocean ships to its alumina factory in Corpus Christi, Texas.
There, Reynolds refines the bauxite into alumina.
-----Original Message-----
From: Kris Millegan <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Wednesday, February 02, 2000 12:14 PM
Subject: [CTRL] THE COOLIE: His Rights and Wrongs - Jonestown . . .
>-Caveat Lector- <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">
></A> -Cui Bono?-
>
>from:
>http://www.bookfinder.com
>-----
>[JENKINS, EDWARD.] - THE COOLIE: His Rights and Wrongs. AN EARLY STUDY OF
>CHINESE & INDIAN COOLIES New York 1871, Routledge. Purple cloth, author's
>edition,371 pages, very good, 7 appendices, bookplate, statistics with
>frontispiece illustrating 'coolies' at work. R A R E This early work
>addresses the plight of the Chinese & Indian coolies imported to do manual
>labor in British Guiana. It covers in great detail, the organization of the
>'estates,' Georgetown, Demerara, Windsor forest, government, govenors &
>governing class. Management, staff expenses, immigration organization,
coolie
>strikes, points of law, the Chinese settlement. Cattle farm, coolie
>petitions, penal settlement, coilonial employer & the Indian
>organization.Indentures, register, re-indentures, imprisonment,
>women-marriage,coolie's remedies against his employer, wages, aids,
remedies
>on the coolie's behalf, medical inspector, doctors, hospitals. The moral
and
>material welfare. A valuable primary source book for the abuse of Chinese
>women on plantations. They were indentured for 5 years, but not bound to
>work. Their task was to keep her fellow-country-men on the premises. They
>were sexually abused by employers, owners & other overseers. - USD 250.00
>is offered by:
>Rare Oriental Books Co. ABAA - ILAB, P.O. Box 1599, Aptos, CA 95001-1599,
>USA. Tel: [831] 689 0203 ~ Fax: [831] 689 0204
>-----
>Aloha, He'Ping,
>Om, Shalom, Salaam.
>Em Hotep, Peace Be,
>All My Relations.
>Omnia Bona Bonis,
>Adieu, Adios, Aloha.
>Amen.
>Roads End
>
><A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">www.ctrl.org</A>
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DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER
==========
CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic
screeds are not allowed. Substance�not soap-boxing! These are sordid matters
and 'conspiracy theory'�with its many half-truths, misdirections and outright
frauds�is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects
spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRL
gives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers;
be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credence to Holocaust denial and
nazi's need not apply.
Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector.
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