-Caveat Lector-
>I would ask each and every one of you WHAT drug cartels existed at the
time government began regulating? Certainly there were no Mexican or
Columbian drug lords then.
They are Johnny-come-lately puppets and stooges, poseurs and wannabes.
Look behind them.
The first real drug cartel in the modern sense was German.
It's still here. It's bigger than ever. It is still the most powerful
force in the pharmaceutical industry and a major player on the world
economic stage. We just don't hear about it on the news, that's all.
The "cartels" we hear about are, at best, among of its subsidiaries.
Mostly though, it treats them like labor, underpaid and easily
replaced. It is hard for stiffs like us to think of the unbelievable
fortunes they make as constituting underpayment, but try. Follow the
money. Don't lose the trail in Cali. The REAL money goes to their
suppliers, the insidious fascist and Nazi cabal at the core of the
modern drug trade. Their extent of their profits, and society's loss,
is scarcely conceivable. Suffice to say that they have made the
Fascist International, in the guise of its various fronts, a major
player on the world economic stage. Worse, the profit is not merely
and end in and of itself; it is a means. It feeds the fascist war
chest and hastens the day of their total world domination.
The users, particularly the small but significant minority of users
who are actually addicts, profit least of all the people directly
involved. In a very real sense they lose big. We lose bigger. We have
lost our basic rights, our security, and common sense. By "warring" on
drugs we are providing a funding source to the greatest enemies of
liberty the world has ever known. Their puppet politicians have set
the price for the commodity the sell at astronomically inflated
prices. This is economic warfare. Their ubiquitous propaganda has
convinced most of us to go along with it. This is psychological
warfare. The drugs themselves are chemical warfare. The real war isn't
against drugs, it's against liberty. We're losing the war.
The drugs themselves have virtually negligible production costs.
Labor, as usual, is what adds the value. The people we hear called
"cartels" on the news are laborers. They are soldiers, accountants,
pilots, executives, secretaries, lawyers, spies, drivers, loaders and
kickers. They are not the bosses. It is best to conceive of them in
military terms because that is their primary function. The so called
"War On (Some) Drugs" really is a war. It is not a war against drugs;
it is a war against us and what is left of our human rights. In
military terms the "cartels" we see on the evening news are the
"irregular auxiliaries" of the REAL cartel that pulls their strings,
the one we do NOT see on the evening news. It uses, and when it
chooses to, discards them like the cogs that they are. We see the only
gears and think they are the whole machine.
To give you some idea of the enormous sophistication with which German
chemists have established their dominance in the world of drugs, both
legal and illegal, I intend quite shortly to share with you a little
story about an ingenious Chemical, Biological Warfare campaign they
waged in the years before WWII and during the early part of the war
itself. It is the story of Atabrine. It will be, I hope, illustrative
of their thought processes and of some of their methods of operation.
In subsequent posts I will expand on this theme by way of explaining
how the temporary setback inflicted on them by the Allied,
particularly the Soviet, armed forces set into motion a series of
events that established the modern cocaine trade, and to a lesser
extent the heroin trade, as we know it today. In a nutshell, they
made the best of a bad situation, the very best. In a very real sense
the military defeat of Germany was a blessing in disguise for the
Nazis themselves.
Every situation, ours today included, has historical roots, is part of
a numerous intersecting historical processes, and momentum. We didn't
get to be this way over night and we didn't get this way without
reason. Nothing stems from nothing. Everything has causes. Everything
has roots. If you don't know where our so-called "drug" problem came
from you lack clue one as to where it is going. You really should know
where it is going because it is dragging you along, whether you like
it or not, whether you know it or not, even if you never got high a
day in your life. Not all drugs get you high. Of those that do, no two
have exactly the same effects. All drugs though, be they legal or not,
psychotropic or not, be they whatever, have one thing in common. They
all have effects, some obvious, some not so obvious. Sometimes it is
the less obvious effects that ultimately prove to have the greatest
consequences. This is particularly true when drugs are used in
combination with each other. What is less well known is that they can
on occasion have additional and sometimes quite unpredictable effects
when used in combination with other factors in the social landscape
and with certain events that, on their face, have nothing to do with
drugs of any kind at all.
In a very real sense, the so-called "cartels" are no different form
any of they other overlapping web of multinational corporations that
make up our planet's real governing body. They are structured alike;
they function alike, they interact alike.
Keyword: "Interact."
The only real functional difference is that at the moment they are at
war. At other times other multinationals are at war, usually not with
each other though. Usually they take both sides in any war. This
becomes particularly apparent when one compares the so-called
"legitimate (legal) drug trade with it's so-called "underworld
counterpart." Particularly striking is the number of friends,
resources, and a lot of the time individual faces they have shared
over the years. But war is war, even one staged for effect, and wars
are fought weapons. To a warrior, anything can be a weapon. This is
how warriors think, particularly smart, successful warriors. Any way
you look at it, the "Drug War" is succeeding. Were it to cease
succeeding, it would end, one way or another, and fairly soon
thereafter. It shows no sign whatsoever of ending. Au contraire.
To a successful warrior, anything can be a weapon. To most people
however, that a drug could be a weapon is a difficult concept at
first. After all, the pharmacist is our friend, is he not? Why, he's
almost a doctor. We trust him with our very lives. Worse, we trust him
with our most intimate secrets. Healing is his work. It's not like he
was selling bombs or bullets over that counter. If healing has a place
in war it is with the wounded, right?
Not quite.
quinine substitute. The history of the drug goes back to the
experiments of the young English chemist Perkin, almost a century and
a half ago, when the attempt to make synthetic quinine from coal tar
resulted in the discovery of the coal tar dyes which gave I. G. Farben
its name, and, along with aspirin and heroin, its fortune. Remember
the heroin; we'll be coming back to it shortly. It was not until 1932
that Farben chemists finally came up with a quinine synthesis from
coal tar called Quinacrine Hydrochloride, which was sold under the
name Atabrine.
Prior to WWII, I. G. Farben, through a series of partnerships and
patent licenses, controlled about forty percent of the North (and one
hundred percent of the South) American pharmaceutical biz. Among the
many companies Farben had hand in relevant were two called Sterling
and Winthrop. Their thoroughly fascinating story can be found in
<Treason's Peace> by Howard Watson Armbruster, a must read for any
objective historian of pharmacology. It's not just history; it's a
pretty good mystery, too, and a war story, to boot. It has high
courtroom drama. It could easily pass for a political thriller.
There's even some moments of exquisite comic relief. It's also true,
every last word of it. That's the scary part.
Farben hid its tentacles well, through a series of dummy holding
companies, interlocking directorships, and, patent licenses. As we
who pay attention to such things have seen time and again, the
usefulness of <Tarnung> has neither dwindled nor has it been eschewed.
Not bloody likely it will be, either. The lessons of WW II were not
forgotten. If anything, they have been studied, practiced and
refined. They have also been taught to others. History has been a
great teacher, at least to those wise enough to be willing to learn.
By studying what history has revealed, we may make better educated
guesses about what the news does not reveal. What was hidden once
revealed by inquisitive investigators and the fortunes of war, we must
prudently assume to have been hidden once again, and in this case by
the very same entities which animated the earlier mechanisms of
deceit. They haven't gone away and neither has their motivation.
A Farben-Sterling partnership owned Winthrop. In the early thirties
Atabrine was introduced into the United States as a Winthrop product.
But it was made by Farben -- all Winthrop did was to put it in
ampoules or to compress it into tablets and distribute the new remedy
under its own label as made in America.
***
"As illustrative of its importance to the national defense, the annual
report of the Surgeon General of the United States Army in 1941
indicated that hospitalization of enlisted men for malaria in Panama
and the Philippines was well over 100 for each 1000 stationed there.
Under such conditions the grave danger to the health and efficiency of
thousands of men in the Army and Navy, many of whom were never
previously exposed to malaria, is obvious.
It is necessary . . . in appraising (Atabrine)'s place in the Farben
pattern, to record the wide discrepancy in medical opinion regarding
the merits of Atabrine as a malaria remedy. . . (According to
numerous qualified opinions) Atabrine, as it was then made, presented
no advantages over quinine in the treatment of malaria, and had
certain toxic properties which had to be eliminated through change in
its formula before its final acceptance as anything but an emergency
substitute for the older remedy."
-- <Treason's Peace: German Dyes and
American Dupes>, by Howard Watson
Ambruster, The Beechhurst Press,
New York, 1947, p 218-219
***
It's producers saw this as no reason not to make a profit anyhow.
Sound familiar?
***
"Back in 1935, when Atabrine was first being tried out in the United
States on a large scale, medical authorities reported that mental
disturbances followed its use. The public relations experts at
Sterling never conceded this fault possible nor mentioned it. They
contented themselves with statements issued either directly or through
sources not readily identified as friendly which enlarged upon the
tremendous expansion made in Winthrop's production of Atabrine for
national defense purposes, and the reduction in selling price to a
figure less than one-tenth of that which was charged before the war
(and before the subversive tie-up of Winthrop with Farben was
exposed)."
-- <Ibid.>, p 219
***
The Farben-Sterling ownership Winthrop also used its patents on
Atabrine to restrict the production of that remedy (such as it was)
for malaria after Japan had cut off our supply of quinine from the
Dutch East Indies. In this they were aided by friends in high places.
***
"Senator Bone, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Patents announced
to the press on April 12, 1942 that the hearings which were to begin
next day into restrictions on the use of Farben owned patents would
include the subject of synthetic quinine. But Senator Bone was in
error. He was never permitted to open up his hearings of any feature
of the Farben tie-ups with Sterling or Winthrop. His hands were tied
although his committee subpoena reached into the Anti-Trust Division
of the Justice department and seized over twenty-five thousand
documents from the Sterling files and elsewhere, which revealed the
details relative to Atabrine, as well as other facts which had been
pigeonholed in September 1941 when Mr. Thomas Corcoran succeeded in
choking off the Justice proceedings against Sterling."
-- <Ibid.>, p 221
***
The tale of super lobbyist Thomas "Tommy the Cork" Corcoran is very
nearly worth a book of its own. What a guy.
But . . . I digress.
***
"In August, over vigorous protest of Senator Bone, five other members
of the Patents Committee voted not to permit its Chairman, and its
two-fisted incorruptible counsel, Creekmore Fath, to produce a single
witness, or document, relating to Sterling and Winthrop at a public
hearing.
. . . The five members of the committee who yielded to the
persuasions of those who were determined not to have the
Sterling-Winthrop situation disclosed were Claude Pepper of Florida;
D. Worth Clark of Idaho; Scott W. Lucas, of Illinois; Wallace H.
White, Jr., of Maine; and John A. Danaher of Connecticut."
-- <Ibid.>
***
Ah, names. Now we're getting somewhere. "Kick ass and take names,"
goes the Grand Old adage. Two can play that game. Starting with the
old names makes it easier to come with the new. A few of you old
timers may remember Claude Pepper for his role in the 1960's Civil
Rights struggle.
***
"Of these five, Senator Pepper, prior to the vote which tied the hands
of Senator Bone, received an appeal from the Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi
League to continue the hearings of the Patents Committee on the
'patent and cartel connection between American concerns and Axis
interests until all pertinent facts have been uncovered.'
Senator Pepper replied:
'Appreciate your message and am sure that investigation will be
all-inclusive before it is finished. Regards. '
The Senator, according to Thomas L. Stokes in the <World-Telegram> of
August 6, 1942, was a friend of Mr. Thomas Corcoran and the latter
'. . . is proudly wearing another feather in his cap as super
lobbyist. He who once started Congressional investigations has now
stopped one -- one that was due to produce sensational revelations
about a corporations with former German connections, which he has been
protecting from the government.'
The Stokes article went on to describe two turbulent sessions in which
Thurmond Arnold, who had been so hot after other German cartel
affiliates, took a very different position as regards Sterling
Products and favored dropping the investigation.
Said Mr. Stokes:
'So did Undersecretary of War Production who sat with the Committee,
along with Leo Crowley, Alien Property Custodian . . . Suppression of
the Sterling investigation climaxes one of the most amazing examples
of 'inside baseball' ever seen here. Suspicions were aroused that
high administration officials were trying to duck the inquiry when Mr.
Crowley was asked to testify about Sterling with particular reference
to the synthetic quinine monopoly which one of its subsidiaries, the
Winthrop Co. -- still owned 50 percent by I. G. Farben-industrie --
possess by virtue of its control of German patents -- Mr. Crowley kept
postponing his appearance. Despite earlier assurances that he was
going to take over the substitute quinine patents and release them
generally . . . he never did . . . Questions in a public hearing might
have proved embarrassing. So he never did appear.'
Another short lived effort to force out the facts about Atabrine was
begun by Republican Congressman Bertrand W. Gearhart of California
who made a brave start to accomplish this purpose in the House of
Representatives on August 13, 1942 . . ."
-- <Ibid.>, p 221-222
***
This goes on. It gets worse. <Treason's Peace> by Howard Watson
Armbruster. Read the book. It's very illuminating. It kept me up
all night one night, and confirmed many of my suspicions. I recommend
it highly.
But how does this sordid episode constitute Chemical Biological
Warfare, you may ask? Surely, it was at most, -economic- warfare.
Put yourself for a moment in the bloody, muddy boots of an American
dog face in the Philippine hell of spring '42. Imagine that you are
that one out of ten stricken with malaria.
Malaria! The horror; the horror.
Your head swims in a murky soup and pounds like tarmac under a jack
hammer. You're drenched in sweat but shiver like a Merchant Marine
torpedoed in the North Sea. Knee deep in Bataan's festering muck,
your trembling legs are covered with leaches. Clouds of mosquitoes
swarm in your eyes. For weeks, months, it seems like years, you have
been retreating, step by bloody step, back up the peninsula, back to
Corrigidor.
Corrigidor. Will you live to make it? Your commander, General
Douglas "Dougout Doug" MacArthur is already safely ensconced there,
deep underground. But will -you- make it? You're no brass hat.
You're just some kid from Kansas, or is it Brooklyn, trying to do his
duty. You don't get a dugout to hide in and a PT boat to rescue you.
You get a muddy hole to die in and the incessant rattle of Yamashita's
chattering Nambus, their hot lead teeth tearing life from limb all
around you. Corpses stink in the sweltering heat. They were your
buddies; now they're dead. Will you be next? Or will you live to
march back up Bataan a prisoner in the blistering sun with guard's
whip to drive you and a bayonet in your gut if you stumble and fall?
A sniper's 97 cracks somewhere out in the bush in front of you. Lead
whizzes past your buddy's ear. A stroke of luck! You see him! Through
fever's swirling blur you somehow see the goddam sniper in his perch.
You try to draw a bead. Your hands are shaking so. Malaria,
goddamit. You grit your teeth. You bite your tongue. You taste the
blood. You can't remember when last you brushed your teeth. The
sniper smiles, his steady, healthy hands caress the warm Murata. The
M1 dances in your hand. Son of a bitch, hold still! You can't. It
won't. Your shot goes wild. His doesn't. Your buddy's body jerks,
its throat shot out. As he sinks into the ooze, his last desperate
gasp sucks mud into the wound. It gurgles. He twitches, one last
time. Your eyes meet. Your last meal, such as it was, explodes from
your mouth, and splatters on his face. It's the last thing he ever
sees. Tears mingle with the fetid malarial sweat that runs in rivers
down your cheek.
"Medic," you cry in that hoarse whisper you kid yourself he'll hear,
"Medic! Get me some goddam Atabrine, goddamnit!"
He can't. There isn't any left. Winthrop didn't make enough to go
around.
Bio-war? You never heard of it.
***********
Next installment: About that heroin.
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