-Caveat Lector- Treason in America -- From Aaron Burr to Averell Harriman ANTON CHAITKIN (C)1984 New Benjamin Franklin House P. O. Box 20551 New York, New York 10023 ISBN 0-933488-32-7 --[6a]-- -6- Burr's Machine Prepares Americans Surrender The United States Burr fled from was crippled by dissension. The previous year, 1807, the Jefferson-Gallatin administration had responded to escalating attacks against American shipping by imposing an embargo against all U. S. export trade with foreign countries. To punish Britain and France for stealing our ships, cargoes, and crews, we would prohibit our ships from sailing anywhere they might get themselves captured! This might have been positive it did, indeed, increase native manufacturing by stifling foreign competition�except for the fact that Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin of Switzerland was put in charge of enforcing the embargo. Under Gallatin, trade with France and her allies was completely cut off, both by the U.S. Navy ships Gallatin employed, and the British cruisers which dominated the Atlantic. At the same time, trade with Britain�smuggling across the ocean and across the border with Canada�flourished under Gallatin's peculiar enforcement. The British consul in Boston arrogantly gave "licenses" to American shippers to pass the British blockade after running their own country's blockade of itself. This pathetic display of weakness by the government fed the sedition of the New England Federalists. John Quincy Adams went public 20 years later with a denunciation of the designs of the "Thirteen Confederates" who had plotted with Aaron Burr to dismember the Union and who still, in 1808, were working with England against the United States. James Madison was elected President in 1808, and Albert Gallatin was now in the most powerful position of his life; he continued in the Treasury post, and was, for all major policy decisions, virtually President. Aaron Burr's personal physician and protege, Dr. William Eustis of Boston,(1) was sworn in on March 7, 1809, as Secretary of War. Enemies of the United States were now in power both within the administration and in its opposition, centered in Boston (2) But a powerful movement to break the country out of this catastrophe was soon to emerge under the congressional leadership of Henry Clay of Kentucky. Clay and his followers proposed full-scale war with Britain, and the American conquest of Canada, as the salvation of American honor and independence, and of a revived national spirit. Gallatin tried his best to discourage Clay's nationalists, prevailing on President Madison to do or say nothing to give Britain, or Britain's American opponents, a pretext for war. He published an annual report in November 1811, warning of the drastic tax increases and higher interest rates that a war would necessitate. Virginia Senator William Giles introduced a bill in December 1811 to raise a 25,000-man army for five years' service. The administration had said the nation could not afford such a military force. Giles retorted that perhaps Treasury Secretary Gallatin lacked either the talent or the desire to defend the national honor, that he acted as if it were more important to retire the public debt than to provide for national defense. Giles contended that if Gallatin were such a financial genius, he would be able to find a way to finance the necessary measures. The attack against Gallatin, unfortunately, also brought down the Bank of the United States, whose 20-year charter expired without renewal in 1811. No institution viewed as being under Gallatin's domination could be approved by the enraged Congress. The United States was bankrupt, insulted, without any appreciable naval force. Henry Clay and his followers put the matter bluntly to James Madison: either you declare war, or we get a new President in the 1812 elections. The Second War for Independence, as it was known then, was declared on June 12, 1812. The previous month, on May 5, Aaron Burr had returned from exile, landing in Boston. In disguise, he made his way to Harvard University, where Harvard's President Kirkland gave Burr a check drawn on the Harvard treasury(3) to allow him to return to New York. Still in disguise, and still under indictment for treason and other crimes in various states, Burr went back to New York. Preparing for his return, Burr's daughter Theodosia had written to Albert Gallatin and the President's wife, Dolly Madison (who knew Aaron before she knew lames), asking them to arrange for his indictments to be quietly forgotten. Somehow, this was done. Burr was back, and had visited Boston, the center of anti-American operations, just before the war began. The first six months of war were a disaster for the United States. General William Hull, based in Michigan, planned the defense of Detroit with Secretary of War William Eustis, before war was declared. On his way west, Hull's convoy was attacked by the British out of Canada, who had somehow been informed that the war had started, while Hull somehow had not been informed. All of the general's papers, all of his orders, and most of his supplies and equipment were taken by the British. When he engaged, soon after, in combat back and forth across the Canadian border, Hull was demoralized, was never reinforced, was never given intelligence from the outside. Surprised by a force of British soldiers and Indians threatening "uncontrolled outrages," Hull surrendered Detroit without firing a shot. One invasion of Canada was attempted with leadership provided by General James Wilkinson, who had been an agent for several nations in Burr's Western Conspiracy. Wilkinson did not conquer Canada. A plan for winning the war, and badly damaging the British Empire, was presented to the War Department by a Lieutenant Colonel Jessup. The plan called for a full-scale assault on the British naval base at Nova Scotia. This was not only the pivotal point for British naval operations in the Atlantic; it was a source of raw materials, primarily forest products, for the construction of most of Britain's fleet. Knocking out this vital station would have the additional benefit of boosting the trading and fisheries interests of the American northeast states, by removal of their commercial competition. This would be a way to restore the New Englanders to their proper national allegiance.(4) Aaron Burr's personal physician, Secretary of War William Eustis, contemptuously rejected the plan and closed the subject Bankrupting the U.S.A. The war effort was being stymied in a less dramatic, but even more devastating fashion, however. It had been arranged by the British in Canada, now led by Governor-General Sir George Prevost�the nephew of both Aaron Burr and Albert Gallatin's teacher Paul Henri Mallet�that certain brokers in Boston would distribute British bonds for sale in major U. S. cities. The bonds carried high-interest premiums, so that those who bought them made a lot of money; the brokers received a commission; and American gold, which would otherwise have been available lo support the American war effort, was smuggled by the Bostonians into Canada and across the Atlantic to support the British war effort. U.S. government bonds could be sold only with difficulty; and in Boston, only in secret!(5) When the Treasury was bare, and Gallatin under intense pressure to stop the sabotage, the Treasury Secretary made a deal with banker Stephen Girard of Philadelphia and John Jacob Astor of New York. They would agree to take most of a $16,000,000 government issue . . . but there were conditions. Girard was to be assured that he could operate in any manner of his choosing in Pennsylvania without the interference of state authorities.(6) Astor, meanwhile, was already enjoying certain unusual privileges which tended toward the creation of a financial oligarchy in the U.S.A. He had been given the use of Treasury Department seals and franking on his private documents run by couriers to his agents on America's frontiers. Gallatin took the first opportunity to escape the heat. When the Russian government offered to mediate between Britain and America, Gallatin asked President Madison to appoint him to the negotiating team. Albert Gallatin was negotiating with the British when Sir George Prevost led an invasion force into New York State, while another British force raided and burned the Capitol, the White House, and other buildings in Washington. But how the disaster was turned around; how the little U.S. Navy began smashing up the British; how some good Vermont citizens defied their Tory governor and clobbered the invaders from Canada; and how the American nationalist movement, led by Henry Clay, Mathew Carey, and John Quincy Adams, used the occasion of our victory to build a more permanent and effective defense force and a national economy that astonished the world; must be reserved for future telling. Burr and Gallatin lived on, into the 1830s and 1840s, respectively. Burr proposed, after the war, that his co-conspirator Andrew Jackson should be made President, so as to end the domination of Virginia over that office (and the domination of sane nationalists over the South). Jackson became Burr's one-man project. When the idea took hold, Edward Livingston was on hand to guide Jackson's course to the White House. During the presidency of John Quincy Adams, preceding that of Jackson, the short-lived Anti-Masonic Party of the United States was formed, with Adams's encouragement, in reaction to a case of kidnapping, torture, and murder perpetrated by some Masons to preserve their secrets. In 1830, shortly before he was named U.S. Secretary of State by President Jackson, Edward Livingston was installed as Grand High Priest of Masonry, in the tradition that had been left in the United States by the evacuating British forces at the end of the Revolution. It was to Secretary of State Edward Livingston, then, that ex-President John Quincy Adams addressed his famous Letters on the Subject of Masonry, in which he demonstrated the incompatibility of the Masonic oaths of secrecy with the public trusts and the public office which Livingston held.(7) In 1831, John Jacob Astor created the National Bank of New York, and made Albert Gallatin its president. From that post, Gallatin was the leader of the free trade movement in this country,8 while his and Aaron Burr's cousins, the Mallets, led that movement in England. With the help of renewed threats from the South Carolinians to secede from the Union, Gallatin's movement forced the repeal of the protective system and the final destruction of the Second, restored Bank of the United States. Thus were ruined all the Colbertist measures for industrial development which had been established by Hamilton, torn down by Gallatin's Treasury Department, and re-established by Clay and Adams. One last time, under President Abraham Lincoln in the 1860s, was the full American System of the Founders to be implemented in a resurgence of national growth. After President Jackson, another protege of Aaron Burr, Martin Van Buren�trained in the political and conspiratorial arts by Burr during his Tammany Hall days and rumored to be his illegitimate son�became President of the United States. He immediately plunged the country into the blackest depression of its short history, and was quite unpopular. The political "theories" of Albert Gallatin live on today in the work of Milton Friedman, Paul Volcker, and other monetarist leaders. The organization that Aaron Burr created to control America and sabotage its independence is still in place. The chart of the Mallet-Prevost family tree,(9) which shows--the generations of spymasters committing their lives to the destruction of America�from Burr's generation forward�sits in the New York Public Library. On the chart will be found the names Rhea and Petit Dulles, respectively cousin and uncle of a founder of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, Allen Dulles The Mallet-Prevosts, and allied family groupings in the era of the American Revolution, continued to attack the United States over the next two centuries from strategic nests within financial, political, diplomatic, educational, and cultural institutions. It was this continuing treasonous core-group of the British-Swiss secret service in America, later including the Dulles and Harriman families, which brought repeated tragedy to America and the world�the Civil War and the two world wars. pps. 81-90 --(notes)-- 1. For Eustis's relationship with Burr, see Burr's letters to him in The Burr Papers These begin at least as early as Oct. 10, 1777, when they were chums together on the dark side of the Revolutionary army; they run through Eustis's efforts as Burr's political agent in Boston on behalf of Burr's duplicitous try for the U. S. Presidency Nov. 11, 1800 and Jan. 16, 1801; Burr's rather peremptory and demeaning use of Eustis as a fiscal agent and personal henchman, March 9, 1801; Burr's daughter Theodosia's letter to family-doctor Eustis Oct. 6, 1808, during Burr's exile; and Burr's resumed use of Eustis as his agent following his return from exile, March 3, 1813. 2. A strikingly accurate appraisal of the situation in the Madison administration was published on Sept. 3, 1811, in the Aurora, the Philadelphia newspaper of Jeffersonian William Duane. It took the form of a thinly disguised allegory about ancient Egypt, concerning the pharaoh Amenophis (President Madison), and his chief baker (Albert Gallatin). It is of course applicable to any situation of a President and his "palace guard." A few excerpts follow: There [was] a terrible darkness on the land of Egypt . . . it was admirable to beheld many places totally dark; when in the very next adjoining, they were totally light. To [understand] this was only in the power of philosophy . . . I ventured boldly into the capital palace of Amenophis; though every way tc approach it was involved in darkness. After I had entered into the INNER-CHAMBER in private, I saw some apartments irradiated with surprising splendor, and others hid in mysterious obscurity.�How highly agitated was I, to see CHIEFS, and a few CHIEF MINISITERS and SECRETARIES enjoying a perfect light, while the great HEAD OF OUR NATION was busied (as it appeared) in almost inconceivable obscurity . . . unconscious of the gathering clouds and darkness that surrounded him, and would ere long prove his certain ruin.... I did the duty of a faithful monitor and subject; I informed this GREAT MAN, whose ease and security was lulling him into a dose [doze], that some unfriendly MINISTER, who had sinister views, kept him in the dark to answer his abominable designs of wickidness, while he enjoyed all the knowledge and happiness of light. But ah! unhappy, credulous and partial man! he answered, "it is told me the people are on my side, and they have no more light than I have; nay even that I enjoy more than they; whom whould I believe but my servants? Am I not their master? Dare they deceive and mock me? Begone thou weak and JEALOUS PHILOSOPHER, speak not against my servants. I will not hear anything that can be said against them . . . to accuse them is accusing my judgement, which made them what they are." I then repaired to the apartment of the CHIEF BAKER (or premier) and demanded some explanation on affairs of the utmost importance; I was admitted into his hall of audience, and found him accompanied with many chief rulers [of the cabinet, etc] . . . all was light, all was joy, all was triumph; they seemed well pleased that the darkness, which prevailed in so many places in the land}, could not be traced out; and it was some cause of merriment to them, to see the people groping in the darkness.... I addressed myself [to the chief baker] . . . "I am a petitioner from the people . . . I come to desire . . . that you would bring the head of our nation out of this darkness...." "A very pretty request," truly cried the CHIEF BAKER, "ha, ha, as you are a wise man, and versed in the ARCANA of NATURE and PHILOSOPHY; but were you in the least acquainted with the mysteries of state juggling, you would not mention so ridiculous a thing. You seem to be surprised at this; but sir, the moment I should let the nation know the complex and secret springs of action and how they must be ruled and bring them to the light, I should be dismissed, perhaps hanged, how could I vindicate myself in keeping them in the state of perplexities, which have disturbed a nation's peace, and almost brought them to the brink of ruin . . . they know not what I do." "We ministers, (at will and pleasure,) plan, digest and execute, everything beforehand: the HEAD of the nation will not much worry his brain about them or us. In short let him eat, drink and be merry; have his tournaments and levees; he has nothing to do but approve our decrees, and give us support; and he and the nation may as well be in the dark, as in the light." I was, I confess, astonished at the INGRATITUDE and WICKEDNESS of this MINISTER: who was FORTUITOUSLY IMPOSED into the nation, by some ISMAELITISH caravan, and who by the arts, hypocrisy, and contrivance, had arrived to great consequence . . . among the other BEYS of the nation and considered its premier. This man being of a deep, dark and plotting mind, had heretofore made himself necessary to the PREDECESSOR OF AMENOPHIS [i.e., the previous president, Thomas Jefferson]: though abhorred by the people, he was seemingly a friend to the nation, though in fact their enemy, and was alwavs devising ways and means to fill his master's and the nation's coffers; and when done, would let no one finger it but himself and his minions.... [The ruler retained the chief baker and his crew; thus] they helped poor AMENOPHIS into the FRED SEA, A SEA OF BLOOD! in which, by the righteous retributions of God's providence, he persihed, and his whole host. [Signed] HISTORIOGRAPHER [dated] New Geneva [the home town Gallatin created in Pennsylvania], July 3, 1811. 3. Parmet and Hecht, Aaron Burr, p. 328. 4. Ingersoll, Charles, Historical Sketch of the Second War Between the United States of America and Great Britain, Volume entitled "The Events of 1814, " Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia, 1849, pp. 236-239. 5. Carey, Mathew, The Olive Branch, Rowe and Hoopes, Boston, 1815, p. 286-306 Among other evidence Carey reprints an advertisement in the Boston Daily Advertiser for Dec. 16, 1814, "GOVERNMENT BILLS. British Government Bills for sale by Charles W. Green, No. 14, India Wharf.... " 6. Gallatin told Girard's cashier "that the making of this loan by Mr. Girard would have tendency to prevent the legislature of Pennsylvania from taking measures to arrest the progress of Mr. Girard's bank." The legislature was attempting to outlaw unchartered banks, and Gallatin said that he "would recommend to the several banks in which the public moneys are deposits to receive in payment the notes of S. Girard's bank" in lieu of gold or the notes of chartered banks. Adams, Donald R., Jr., Finance and Enterprise in EarlyAmerica: A Study of Stephen Girard's Bank, 1812-1831 University of Pennsylvania Press, 1978, p. 26. Where did Girard get the money with which to buy Gallatin's influence? Wildes, Harry Emerson, Lonely Midas: The Story of Stephen Girard, Farrar & Rinehart, New York, 1943, p. 169-171: "On almost every ship that sailed under the Girard blue pennon for the East, 133-pound cases of opium could be discovered in the cargo, though never on the manifest. As early as 1806, Hutchinson received orders to buy 20,000 pounds of high-grade opium to be smuggled at either Macao or Canton. 'Apply,' said Stephen, 'to the security merchant at Canton ["Houqua"], who, by the arrangements which he will make with one of the head officers, will obtain permission to have it landed without danger of seizure. ' If, contrary to expectation, guards should visit the ship to make a search for the forbidden drug, Girard assured the supercargo that 'a small trifle will bribe them....' "The trade increased rapidly in importance, until, by 1815, Baring Brothers estimated that no less than a quarter million pounds were annually exported for Chinese use.... Chinese efforts to reduce opium importation had but slight effect upon Girard's activities. By 1820 he was sending, by the Rousseau alone, 7,500 pounds of opium per voyage, buying it at $900 a chest and selling it for nearly $2,000. He took for his own ships virtually the entire supply available from the London, Hamburg and Amsterdam markets. He bought 5,000 pounds from a Baltimore merchant who offered Smyrna opium at the cut-rate of ... $876 per chest.... "These consigmnents were an important factor in the great bootleg opium business; it was estimated that 40,000 pounds of opium passed into China by way of Batavia alone . . . Girard's share averaged about three-eighths of the illegitimate business passing through Batavia....� Stephen Girard was eventually edged out of the opium business by the syndicate formed in Boston�see Chapter 9 below. But Girard was making millions of dollars by smuggling the deadly poison into China, entirely under the protection of the British Empire, before, during and after the time when the United States was at war with Great Britain. Yet Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin used his influence to negate the efforts of the state of Pennsylvania to outlaw Girard's enterprise, on the pretext of borrowing from Girard some of his criminally-obtained funds. 7. The Anti-Masonic Party may have been less effective in furtherance of Adams's views, and more useful to the designs of a faction of Masonry seeking to dominate the field; see Chapter 10. 8. See Chapter 11. 9. Mallet-Prevost, Mallet Family, appendix chart. --cont-- Aloha, He'Ping, Om, Shalom, Salaam. Em Hotep, Peace Be, Omnia Bona Bonis, All My Relations. Adieu, Adios, Aloha. Amen. Roads End Kris DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion and informational exchange list. Proselyzting propagandic screeds are not allowed. 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