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This Car Can Talk. What It Says May Cause Concern.
By JOHN SCHWARTZ

Published: December 29, 2003

http://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/29/technology/29car.html?ex=1073731391&ei=1&en=059e42351854ccc4




Last year, Curt Dunnam bought a Chevrolet Blazer with one of the most
popular new features in high-end cars: the OnStar personal security system.

The heavily advertised communications and tracking feature is used
nationwide by more than two million drivers, who simply push a button to
connect, via a built-in cellphone, to a member of the OnStar staff. A
Global Positioning System, or G.P.S., helps the employee give verbal
directions to the driver or locate the car after an accident. The company
can even send a signal to unlock car doors for locked-out owners, or blink
the car's lights and honk the horn to help people find their cars in an
endless plain of parking spaces.

A big selling point for the system is its use in thwarting car thieves.
Once an owner reports to the police that a car has been stolen, the
company, which was started by General Motors, can track it to help
intercept the thieves, a service it performs about 400 times each month.

But for Mr. Dunnam, the more he learned about his car's security features,
the less secure he felt. A research support specialist at Cornell
University, he is concerned about privacy. He has enough technical
knowledge to worry that someone else - say, law enforcement officers, or
even hackers - could listen in on his phone calls, or gain control over his
automotive systems without his knowledge or consent. Any gadget that can
track a carjacker, he reasons, can just as readily be used to track him.

"While I don't believe G.M. intentionally designed this system to
facilitate Orwellian activities, they sure have made it easy," he said.

OnStar is one of a growing number of automated eyes and ears that enhance
driving safety and convenience but that also increase the potential for
surveillance. Privacy advocates say that the rise of the automotive
technologies, including electronic toll areas, location-tracking devices,
"black box" data recorders like those found on airplanes and even tiny
radio ID tags in tires, are changing the nature of Americans' relationship
with their cars.

Beth Givens, founder of the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, said the car had
long been a symbol of Kerouac-flavored freedom, and a haven. "You can talk
to yourself in your car, you can scream at yourself in your car, you can go
there to be alone, you can ponder the heavens, you can think deep thoughts
all alone, you can sing," she said. With the growing number of monitoring
systems, she said, "Now, the car is Big Brother."

James E. Hall, a transportation lawyer and former chairman of the National
Transportation Safety Board, said the monitoring systems presented a subtle
blend of benefit and risk. "We are moving toward a kind of automobile that
nobody's ever known," he said. "It's mostly good news, but there are
negative things that we will have to work through."

Mr. Dunnam said he had become even more concerned because of a federal
appeals court case involving a criminal investigation in Nevada, in which
federal authorities had demanded that a company attach a wiretap to
tracking services like those installed in his car. The suit did not reveal
which company was involved. A three-judge panel in San Francisco rejected
the request, but not on privacy grounds; the panel said the wiretap would
interfere with the operation of the safety services.

OnStar has said that its equipment was not involved in that case. An OnStar
spokeswoman, Geri Lama, suggested that Mr. Dunnam's worries were overblown.
The signals that the company sends to unlock car doors or track
location-based information can be triggered only with a secure exchange of
specific identifying data, which ought to deter all but the most determined
hackers, she said.

As for law enforcement, the company said it released location data about
customers only under a court order. "We have no choice but to be responsive
to court orders," Ms. Lama said.

Other information systems being added to cars can be used for tracking as
well. Electronic toll systems are convenient for commuters, but the
information is increasingly being used to track movements. When police were
trying to track the car of Jonathan P. Luna, an assistant United States
attorney who was killed earlier this month, they pulled the records of his
charges on his E-ZPass account, which led them to Pennsylvania, where his
body was found. Such records have also been used in civil cases like child
custody disputes.

Of all of the new automotive technologies, none presents a more complex set
of benefits and risks than the "black box" sensors that have already been
placed in millions of cars nationwide. The latest models capture the last
few seconds of data - like vehicle speed, seatbelt use and whether the
driver applied the brakes - before a collision.

Such detailed reporting of accidents raises privacy concerns, said experts
at Consumers Union, which has filed comments with the federal government
warning about possible violations of privacy. Sally Greenberg, senior
product safety counsel at Consumers Union, said her group recognized the
potential safety benefits of the reporting but wanted the government to
"proceed with caution."

People's cars have already started turning their owners in. Scott E.
Knight, a California man, was convicted last year for the killing of a
Merced, Calif., resident in a March 2001 hit-and-run accident; police
tracked him down because the OnStar system in his Chevy Tahoe alerted
OnStar when the airbag was set off.

Transportation experts say that if these sensor systems can provide crucial
information for emergency aid workers and for vehicle research, lives will
be saved. The federal government is considering rules that would
standardize the information that black boxes provide, along with ways to
gather the information.

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association
is working to develop a worldwide standard for black boxes. Tom Kowalick,
who is co-chairman of the effort, calls the program "quite simply a matter
of life and death for millions of motor vehicle crash victims."

Mr. Hall, the former federal official, is the other co-chairman of the
effort, and he agreed that the technology should be used to detect
dangerous car models. The privacy concerns can be minimized, he said, by
applying the technology to commercial vehicles and fleets. "There are
enough vehicles out there," he said, "to amass evidence, to provide you
with the type of information you need without having to even address the
subject of the privately owned vehicles right now."

Surveillance technologies are easy to buy and even easier to abuse, privacy
experts say. Paul A. Seidler was arrested last year in Kenosha, Wis., after
he installed a tracking device in an ex-girlfriend's car. According to the
police report, the ex-girlfriend, Connie Adams, complained that "she could
not understand how the defendant always knew where she was in her vehicle
at all times."

Police inspected her 1999 Chevrolet Cavalier and found a small black box
near the radiator that beamed the car's position to Mr. Seidler's computer.
In June, Mr. Seidler was sentenced to nine months in jail for stalking Ms.
Adams.

The use of location tracking is growing. Law enforcement agents have used
similar devices to chart suspects' travels, and a California company now
offers a similar device so that parents can monitor their teenagers' driving.

Last year a small rental car company in New Haven, Acme Rent-a-Car, angered
customers by using global positioning to fine them $150 for speeding. The
state's department of consumer protection declared the fines illegal - but
not the tracking. The company appealed the consumer agency's action, but in
July a state judge rejected the appeal.

Ian Ayres of Yale University, a law professor who has examined the issue,
predicted that regardless of what happened with Acme, "within a decade all
our car insurance companies will be offering us discounts if we will commit
to Acme-like contracts - if we agree not to speed." and the use of tracking
technology will grow "even if they don't give us a discount," he said,
because "all the parents will want these boxes in their cars to know
whether their kids are speeding."

In fact, one of the largest insurance companies in the United States,
Progressive Auto Insurance, has already tested policies in Texas that tied
insurance rates to car usage as monitored by global positioning.

Tires, too, can tell on drivers. This year, Michelin began implanting
match-head-sized chips in tires that can be read remotely. The company
started using the chips to provide manufacturing information that could
help spot failure trends and to comply with a federal law requiring close
tracking of tires for recalls. But privacy activists fear that the chips,
which can be loaded with a car's vehicle identification number, would allow
yet another form of automated vehicle tracking. "You basically have Web
browser 'cookies' in your tires," said Richard M. Smith, an independent
privacy researcher.

Aviel D. Rubin, the technical director of the Information Security
Institute at Johns Hopkins University, said that every new technology with
the potential to invade privacy was introduced with pledges that it would
be used responsibly.

But over time, he said, the desire of law enforcement and business to use
the data overtook the early promises. "The only way to get real privacy,"
he said, "is not to collect the information in the first place."


------------------------------------------------
A free people ought not only to be armed and disciplined, but they should
have sufficient arms and ammunition to maintain a status of independence
from any who might attempt to abuse them, which would include their own
government.

--George Washington
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www.ctrl.org
DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER
==========
CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic
screeds are unwelcomed. Substance—not soap-boxing—please!   These are
sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'—with its many half-truths, mis-
directions and outright frauds—is used politically by different groups with
major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought.
That being said, CTRLgives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and
always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no
credence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply.

Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector.
========================================================================
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