-Caveat Lector- from: http://home.fireplug.net/~rshand/reflections/messiah/jesus.html <A HREF="https://www.netbanx.com/cgi-bin/let_ltd/precode.pl">Jesus in Archaeology and History </A> ----- Many embeds to articles and links. Om k ----- is (the Messianic Priest's) wisdom will be great. He will make atonement for all the children of His generation...His Word shall be as the Word of Heaven and His teaching shall be according to the will of God. His eternal sun shall burn brilliantly." - DSS 4QAaron (from the Dead Sea Scrolls)Christ on the Cross Bartolome Esteban Murillo, c.1660-1682 The Jesus of Theology 325 C.E. marks a pivotal event in the history of Christianity. The Roman emperor Constantine I summoned more than 250 bishops to Nicea in Turkey to resolve a rancorous dispute which was threatening to disrupt the newly won peace of his empire. While all the bishops agreed that Jesus was divine, they disagreed on whether he had existed with God before the beginning of time (as the Alexandrians believed); or had been created later and was subordinate to God (a position popularized by Arius of Antioch). Constantine, still an unbaptized pagan at the time, decided in favor of the pre-existence of Jesus. In addition he demanded that the bishops add to the creed (drawn up by Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea) that Christ was "of one substance" (homoousion in Greek). with the Father. It was theologically necessary that God himself had become mortal in order to make the hope that mortals may obtain eternal life more believable. Under pressure of banishment, the council agreed with only two dissenting votes. The true nature of the Son of God was now an ineffable mystery beyond human understanding. (To learn more about the first ecumenical council at Nicea, click here.) The Jesus of History Through the intervening centuries between then and now, the Nicene creed has remained the basic and unassailable doctrine of Christian faith. Jesus' sacrificial death gave man the key to salvation and his teachings and deeds were of secondary importance. It is only in modern times that any serious attempts have been made to learn about the Jesus of history. Somewhere between the messianic expectations of the Jews and the high christology of Paul was a real person who breathed and ate and was concerned with the daily tasks of living like the rest of us. Yet he made a profound impact on others, enough to gain a devoted, even fanatical, following and to earn the enmity of those who would engineer his death. The Real Jesus? is a critical examination into the life and times of Jesus. If we dare to look truthfully through the accumulated centuries of obfuscation and mystery, what will we uncover about Jesus the man? What did he really say and do? And, more importantly, is there anything we can learn from the historical Jesus that will give us a new perspective on our lives today? Gospel narratives are now color-coded according to voting by the Jesus Seminar. "The Real Jesus?" is constantly being revised and expanded in the light of new information. Future plans include: �Study Guide to supplement the material on "The Real Jesus?" and make it more accessible and easy to understand �WWW Board to allow discussion and peer review of the information presented on these pages �Insights from Hyam Maccoby's book, Paul and Hellenism Blue Letter Bible Concordance and Word Search Opens in a new window for quick reference Table of Contents ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Last Kingdom of the Judeans Ancient Traditions of the Messiah Where did the tradition of the Messiah come from? What did the prophesies predict? The Legacy of the Maccabees What inspired such heroic ideals of freedom and dark visions of the apocalypse? Discoveries by the Dead Sea New ruins have been excavated on the route to Qumran. What surprises do they reveal? The Messianic Elite A doomsday cult retreats to the desert - who were these people and what was their secret? Going Forth to Rule the World What were Herod the Great's plans? Why did the Zealots rise in a bloody rebellion? Preparing the Way Who was John the Baptist? Why was his program of baptism so politically explosive? ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Life and Death of a Son of Man Jesus - The Early Days What is the truth behind the Christmas story and Jesus' childhood? The Mission Begins Why was Jesus thought to be possessed and rejected by his own village? The Ministry of Jesus What made Jesus' teaching about the Kingdom of God so revolutionary? Surprising Works Did Jesus really perform miracles and consider himself the son of God? Jesus in Jerusalem Did Jesus deliberately upset the Jewish officials and Roman authorities? Jesus' Final Days What can scholars tell us about the Last Supper, Jesus' arrest, and conviction? An Agonizing Death Was Jesus' Passion on the cross the creation of a Jewish sacred story teller? ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The Planting Takes Root The Resurrection Was Jesus resuscitated after his death or did he really rise from the grave? The First Church What sort of man was Jesus brother, James? Why is he so important? A Light for the Gentiles How did opposition to Paul in Jerusalem nearly cost him his life? The Gospels and the Jewish Religious Calendar Were the gospels organized in accordance with the feast days of the Jews? ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Times of Tribulation and Testimony The Early Christians Did Jesus accurately predict the fall of Jerusalem? What happened to his family? Writing the New Testament What does modern scholarship tell us about who wrote the first gospels and when? Jesus Outside the New Testament What did Jewish and Roman sources have to say about Jesus and his followers? Early Christian Beliefs How did the Council of Nicaea change the course of Christianity for the next 1,500 years? Egyptian and Pagan Themes in Christian Tradition Did Egyptian and pagan cults have any influence on Christian practices and beliefs ? Illuminations Book Shelf �See reviews of some of my favorite books. �Order directly on-line from Amazon Books. Click here! CrossTalk CrossTalk is an open forum, sponsored by Harper San Francisco, which offers anyone with an e-mail address the opportunity to discuss the the historical Jesus. This list server was originally developed in conjunction with the JESUS2000 e-mail debate that took place between Marcus Borg, John Dominic Crossan, and Luke Timothy Johnson in 1996. To subscribe or search the archives, go to crosstalk e-group. Several subscribers to Crosstalk are experts in their various disciplines and have their own websites. These include: Julio AnjosNotes on the lost gospelsAndrew Bernhard"The Quest of the Historical Jesus"Stephen C. CarlsonBible StudiesSteven Carr The UK's Leading Atheist PageStevan DaviesThe Gospel of Thomas HomepageJames DavilaOT Pseudepigrapha Divine Mediator Figures in the Biblical WorldEarl DohertyThe Jesus Puzzle: Was There No Historical Jesus?Sam GibsonCygnus' Study - Debunking the BibleMark GoodacreMark Goodacre's Home Page A World Without Q.Mike GrondinThe Codex II Student Resource CenterIan HutchessonThe Ethiopic Book of 1 Enoch The Dead Sea Scrolls PageJack KilmonThe Historian's ScriptoriumPeter KirbyXtianityYuri KuchinskyThe History Of The New Testament"Jeffrey Jay Lowder"The Historicity Of Jesus' Resurrection"Bill Pinard"The Restoration of the Gospel Of Christ"Ryan RennR.C.'s Textual Musings OutletGregory Holmes SingletonFides Quaerens InternetumTom SimmsKings Valley: A Hidden SecretMahlon H. SmithA Synoptic Gospels Primer The Canonical Status of QJames StillThe Pre-Canonical Synoptic TransmissionDierk VandenBergThe Dead Sea Scrolls Is this what Jesus looked like? Check out The Shroud of Turin. Recommended Sites The Written Record Bible 2000 Includes the Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha and lost books plus good concise commentaries Biblical Criticisms: James Still Interesting critiques and articles on contextual problems in the New Testament Blue Letter Bible Interlinear Hebrew and Greek plus concordances, lexicons, dictionaries and commentaries! Interpreting Ancient Manuscripts Articles on the process used to study source manuscripts of the New Testament Nave's Topical Bible Devitionals, news, concordance, Greek and Hebrew lexicons Noncanonical Homepage Apocryphal and pseudepigraphal literature plus links to related sites The Online Study Bible With bible dictionaries, Greek and Hebrew lexicons, commentaries, study material! Page One Biblical Resources Various bibles and related materials, linguisitic resources, lexica, libraries! Revised Standard Bible With OT, NT and Apocrypha (not searchable) Search the Bible Excellent engine to search any of the best known versions by words, verse or topic Scriptorium Beautiful reproductions of ancient manuscripts on papyrus or parchment The Physical Record Archaeology and the Bible Illustrated articles from ChristianAnswers.net examining events in the Bible Biblical Archaeologist Excellent scholarly articles from the magazine Perspectives on the Ancient World Echoes from the Ancients Journal, photos and animations of the excavation of Yodefat, a 1st c. village in Galilee Jerusalem Christian Review Jerusalem's leading Christian newspaper - exciting recent discoveries in the Holy Land Palestine in the Time of Jesus Organized links to maps, photos and texutual interpretation Second Temple Synagogues Great images with floor plans, FAQs and general information The Dead Sea Scrolls The Dead Sea Scrolls page Insightful essays, quotes from antiquity, list of coins and links The Dead Sea Scrolls Project Established by the Oriental Institute staffed by Dr. Norman Golb & Dr. Michael Wise Dead Sea Scrolls & Qumran Translations, inventory of the scrolls, timelines and web links Dead Sea Scrolls - Qumran Library Images of scroll fragments with translations and explanations Jeremiah's Wheelbarrow Speculation about the first Temple treasure of the Copper Scroll of Qumran Orion Center (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) Research on the Scrolls, forum for Scroll opportunities in Jerusalem The Quest for the Historical Jesus Great resource on the quest, 1st and 2nd C texts, translations, apologetics Secrets of the Dead Sea Scrolls Galvanoplasty facsimiles and info particularly on the Copper Scroll; good links Perspectives on Jesus The Advent of Dionysus / Online Book Dionysus as the prototype for Christ - biblical symbolism and Greek mythology Ancient Jewish Accounts of Jesus The various texts accompanied by concise and useful commentaries Divine Mediator Figures Divine, divinized, and exalted figures who mediated between God and humans Frontline: From Jesus to Christ - the First Christians Maps, charts, ancient texts, pictures of archaeological discoveries; with audio excerpts The Historical Jesus Bernard Muller's engrossing account of Jesus's life as seen through current scholarship Jesus of Nazareth Succinct historical reconstruction of Jesus' life with a good collection of links Jesus Silenced Visions in the Bible treated as a system of divination suppressed by the Church General Resources All Nations Christian Fellowship Sermons and insightful study guides on selected books in the Old and New Testment Biblical Hebrew Level I Study Helps Notes from Graduate Biblical Hebrew Level I class broken into lessons with quizzes The Bible Studies Foundation Comprehensive and searchable scholarly articles covering the complete Bible The Ecole Initiative Comprehensive hypertext encyclopaedia of early church history with links to many images Their Hollow Inheritance Comprehensive refutation of Christian missionaries from Jewish viewpoint Jim Ross' Bible Page Excellent collection of links to sites dealing with bible scholarship Search Argos Limited Area Search of the Ancient and Medieval Internet WWWResources for the Study of Philo of Alexandria Biography, concordance, articles and bibliographies [EMAIL PROTECTED] Please visit the Illuminations Guestbook. ----- Aloha, He'Ping, Om, Shalom, Salaam. Em Hotep, Peace Be, Omnia Bona Bonis, All My Relations. Adieu, Adios, Aloha. Amen. Roads End Kris DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion and informational exchange list. Proselyzting propagandic screeds are not allowed. Substance�not soapboxing! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory', with its many half-truths, misdirections and outright frauds is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRL gives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credeence to Holocaust denial and nazi's need not apply. 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