-Caveat Lector-
Begin forwarded message:
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: March 22, 2007 11:55:10 PM PDT
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Cc: [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Connect the Dots -- The Bush "Dynasty" Nexus of
Multigenerational War Profiteers
http://electromagnet.us/dogspot/modules.php?
name=News&file=article&sid=179
The connections between George Bush and Halliburton's Kellogg,
Brown and Root are affirmed by
"... business records of the Brown & Root firm and Brown
Shipbuilding Co., relating in to ... joint ventures with other
companies such as Zapata Offshore ..."
found in the executive files of George R. Brown at the Fondren
Library of Rice University.
Zapata Offshore was founded by George Herbert Walker Bush in 1954,
after a successful partnership in 1953 with Hugh and Bill Liedtke,
funded by Brown Brothers Harriman, owned by business partners of
Prescott Bush, our president's grandfather.
Zapata is connected numerous CIA intrigues in Latin America,
including the overthow of a legally elected government in Guatemala
that is indeed the prototype for CIA backed intervention. An
historical outline is available at the Famous Texans website.
"Prescott convinced his partners at the banking house of Brown
Brothers Harriman -- among them Averell Harriman, a fellow Skull
and Bones member-- to waive the firm's nepotism rule so George
could work there. Uncle George Herbert Walker, Jr. offered him a
job at G.H. Walker and Co., the private Wall Street banking firm
founded by his father, Bush's maternal grandfather.
"Instead of taking those two prospects, George opted for a third
family tie. He met with Henry Neil Mallon, the president of Dresser
Industries. Mallon offered George his first job at Dresser
subsidiary International Derrick & Equipment Company (Ideco), in
Odessa, Texas. Brown Brothers Harriman underwrote Dresser's
transition from a private company to a publicly traded one. Years
later, George named a son after Mallon.
"In 1953, Bush got money from Brown Brothers Harriman and, with
partners Hugh and Bill Liedtke, formed Zapata Petroleum. By the
late 1950s they were millionaires. Bush bought subsidiary Zapata
Off-Shore from his partners and went into business on his own in
1954. By 1958, the new company was drilling on the Cay Sal Bank in
the Eastern Gulf of Mexico. The islands (of the Cay Sal) had been
leased to Nixon supporter and CIA contractor Howard Hughes the
previous year and were later used as a base for CIA raids on Cuba.
The CIA was using companies like Zapata to stage and supply secret
missions attacking Fidel Castro's Cuban government in advance of
the Bay of Pigs invasion. The CIA's codename for that invasion was
Operation Zapata. In 1981, all Securities and Exchange Commission
filings for Zapata Off-Shore between 1960 and 1966 were
destroyed. In other words, the year Bush became vice president,
important records detailing his years at his drilling company
disappeared. In 1969, Zapata bought the United Fruit Company of
Boston, another company with strong CIA connections.
I find it surprising that the media has ignored Bush's connections
to Halliburton which seem to run deeper and broader than those of
the well-paid former employee Dick Cheney.
David Roknich
---------
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1569483
Current criticism over Halliburton's lucrative Iraq contracts has
some historians drawing parallels to a similar controversy
involving the company during Lyndon B. Johnson's administration.
Nearly 40 years ago, Halliburton faced almost identical charges
over its work for the U.S. government in Vietnam -- allegations of
overcharging, sweetheart contracts from the White House and war
profiteering. Back then, the company's close ties to President
Johnson became a liability. Today -- as NPR's John Burnett reports
in the last of a three-part series -- Halliburton seems to be
distancing itself from its former chief executive officer, Vice
President Dick Cheney.
The story of Halliburton's ties to the White House dates back to
the 1940s, when a Texas firm called Brown & Root constructed a
massive dam project near Austin. The company's founders, Herman
and George Brown, won the contract to build Mansfield Dam thanks to
the efforts of Johnson, who was then a Texas congressman.
After Johnson took over the Oval Office, Brown & Root won contracts
for huge construction projects for the federal government. By the
mid-1960s, newspaper columnists and the Republican minority in
Congress began to suggest that the company's good luck [like its no-
bid contract to build NASA's space-launch facilities] was tied to
its sizable contributions to Johnson's political campaign.
More questions were raised when a consortium of which Brown & Root
was a part won a $380 million contract to build airports, bases,
hospitals and other facilities for the U.S. Navy in South Vietnam.
By 1967, the General Accounting Office had faulted the "Vietnam
builders" -- as they were known -- for massive accounting lapses
and allowing thefts of materials.
Brown & Root also became a target for anti-war protesters: they
called the firm the embodiment of the "military-industrial complex"
and denounced it for building detention cells to hold Viet Cong
prisoners in South Vietnam.
Today, Brown & Root is Kellogg, Brown & Root -- a Halliburton
subsidiary better known as KBR.
----------------------------------
B4: A History of BROWN, BROWN, BAKER and BUSH
NOTE: Although it has not yet been proven that Brown & Root
was connected to the Brown Brothers Harriman firm, it is known that
the engineering company's founders, George and Herman Brown, born
in Belton, Texas, were the sons of a "traveling banker" in central
Texas, who with his brother were making loans under the name of
"Brown Brothers" bank in Austin prior to 1900.
And, according to birth records, George and Herman's father
came to Texas from Baltimore, Maryland -- which was also the
location of [Alex. Brown & Sons, oldest private investment bank in
the United States, which later became Brown Brothers and then Brown
Brothers Harriman.]
http://www.newsmakingnews.com/lmnebraskaconnection.htm
... Baker Botts has a long and distinguished tradition of service
to clients in Texas and around the world. The firm traces its
history to the earliest days of Texas, when founding partner Peter
Gray was admitted to the bar of the Republic of Texas in January of
1840, just three years after the city of Houston was founded. In
1874, Mr. Gray left the firm, by then called Gray, Botts & Baker,
when he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Texas, and after his
departure, his two partners, Colonel W.B. Botts and Judge James A.
Baker, changed the firm name to Baker & Botts.
In the 19th century, Texas was largely an agricultural economy
relying primarily on cotton, timber, rice and sugar cane. Baker
Botts represented many of the largest business interests and many
of the most influential individuals in the state, among them the
Allen brothers, real estate developers who founded the city of
Houston; cotton broker and merchant William Marsh Rice, "the
richest man in Texas"; the Imperial Sugar Company, and many of the
state’s largest timber and paper companies.
The railroads that soon crisscrossed the country have been called
"the Internet of the 19th century," and Baker Botts represented the
railroad and banking interests of E.H. Harriman in Texas and the
South and Southwest, including acting as primary counsel in those
regions for the Southern Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads.
Robert S. Lovett**, partner of what was named "Baker, Botts &
Lovett," left the firm in 1909 to become general counsel and later
chairman of the board of both the Union Pacific and Southern
Pacific Railroads.
Oil was discovered in 1901 near Houston, creating dozens of oil
companies and oil service companies that relied on Baker Botts as
their legal mainstay. These included Humble Oil (the predecessor of
Exxon), Gulf Oil (later merged into Chevron), Texas Co. (later
Texaco), Howard Hughes' drill bit company (now Baker Hughes), and
many, many more.
A succession of Baker Botts lawyers have carried on the impressive
tradition of the early founders. Edwin B. Parker, the firm's first
managing partner, was in charge of manufacturing priorities at the
War Industries Board for President Wilson* during World War I and
later was Umpire of the Mixed Claims Commission, a forerunner of
the World Court. Mr. Parker headed the firm's original New York
office, opened in 1920, and is credited by some with inventing the
modern American law firm, an institution run like a business, in
which the top graduates of law schools are hired on salary until
they prove themselves and are admitted as partners.
The growing role of federal government regulation generated by the
New Deal expanded the role of lawyers generally in business, and
particularly in the energy business. Baker Botts found itself
increasingly active in matters involving the federal regulatory
scene – SEC, FPC, FTC and others.
**Robert S. Lovett, a Baker & Botts partner from 1882 on, later
became the chairman of Harriman's Union Pacific Railroad and chief
counsel to E.H. Harriman.
[The Baker family of Texas lawyers is intermarried with the Lovetts.
For example, one cousin of George HW Bush's consigliere James Baker
III is banker Baker Lovett, grandson of the first president of Rice
University, Odell Lovett, who was a friend of President Woodrow
Wilson at Princeton. Remember, President Wilson's mentor
throughout WWI was also a Texan, Col. Edward M. House.]
Robert S. Lovett's only son, Robert Abercrombie Lovett (14
September 1895 - 7 May 1986), was Secretary of Defense, serving in
the cabinet of President Harry S. Truman from 1951 to 1953, and in
this capacity, he directed [war-related production, i.e., defense
contracts, during] the Korean War. He was promoted to that position
from deputy secretary of defense.
Born in Huntsville, Texas, Lovett was a member of the Skull and
Bones society at Yale University where he graduated in 1918 and
took postgraduate courses in law and business administration at
Harvard University between 1919 and 1921. He married debutante
Adele Quartley Brown on April 19, 1919. As a naval ensign during
World War I, Lovett flew for a time with the British Naval Air
Service on patrol and combat missions and then commanded a U.S.
naval air squadron, rising to the rank of lieutenant commander.
Lovett began his business career at the National Bank of Commerce
in New York and later moved to Brown Brothers Harriman, where he
eventually became a partner and a prominent member of the New York
business community. He remained interested in aeronautics,
especially in European commercial and military aviation.
In December 1940 Lovett accepted appointment as special assistant
to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, and four months later became
assistant secretary of war for air. He served with distinction,
overseeing the massive expansion of the Army Air Forces and the
procurement of huge numbers of aircraft during World War II. In
awarding Lovett the Distinguished Service Medal in September 1945,
President Harry Truman wrote: "He has truly been the eyes, ears and
hands of the Secretary of War in respect to the growth of that
enormous American airpower which has astonished the world and
played such a large part in bringing the war to a speedy and
successful conclusion."
After leaving the War Department in December 1945 Lovett returned
to Brown Brothers Harriman, only to be called back to Washington a
little more than a year later to serve with General George Marshall
as undersecretary of state. Lovett went back to his investment
business in January 1949, but Marshall insisted that he join him
again when he took over at the Pentagon in September 1950. As
deputy secretary of defense, Lovett played a critical role in the
management of the department and he was instrumental in the
creation of the CIA.
After Lovett left office in 1953, he returned again to Brown
Brothers Harriman, where he remained active as a general partner.
He has been recognized as one of the most capable administrators to
hold the office of secretary of defense and as a perceptive critic
of defense organization. His work in completing the Korean War
mobilization and in planning and implementing the long-range
rearmament program, as well as his proposals to restructure the
Department of Defense, were among his major contributions.
After the 1960 presidential election, Joseph P. Kennedy advised his
son John F. Kennedy to offer Robert A. Lovett [like the proverbial
800-pound gorilla] ANY Cabinet post he might desire.
...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapata_Corporation
On January 8, 2007, newly released internal CIA documents revealed
that Zapata had in fact emerged from Bush’s collaboration with a
covert CIA officer in the 1950’s. According to a CIA internal memo
dated November 29, 1975, Zapata Petroleum began in 1953 through
Bush’s joint efforts with Thomas J. Devine, a CIA staffer who had
resigned his agency position that same year "to go into private
business" but who continued to work for the CIA under commercial
cover. Devine would later accompany Bush to Vietnam in late 1967
as a “cleared and witting commercial asset” of the agency, acted as
his informal foreign affairs advisor, and had a close relationship
with him through 1975.
Prescott Bush had been a close business associate of CIA Director
Allen Dulles and W. Averell Harriman since the 1930s. Dresser
Industries, where GHW Bush worked 1948-1951, served as cover for a
number of CIA officers. Prescott served on the Board of Dresser
for 22 years, Harriman brought it public in 1929; family friend
Neil Mallon was CEO.
Averell Harriman was invited to join Skull and Bones in 1913.
Prescott Bush, Mallon, and Roland Harriman (also on Dresser's
board) joined Skull and Bones in 1917. With Mallon and Harriman,
Prescott Bush selected Robert A. Lovett (Truman's Secretary of
Defense and "father of the CIA") to join in 1918. Robert Lovett
later became Prescott Bush's partner at Brown Brothers Harriman.
>>>>
1934: A small Texas company named Brown & Root secured a contract
for the construction of a board road for Humble Oil Company in
Roanoke, Louisiana. This was their first connection with a company
that 30 years later would purchase Brown & Root. Humble Oil was
one of 7 oil companies that, represented by the law firm of Baker &
Botts, with finances handled by Brown Brothers Harriman, owned a
company initially known as Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Company.
This business, later renamed the Halliburton Company, would grow up
to become the parent company of Brown & Root in the 1960s.
1937: Brown & Root called upon young Lyndon Johnson to procure $10
million in federal funding for their Mansfield Dam project. The
freshman congressman succeeded in delivering the necessary
authorization and funding for the project, which became the
cornerstone of Brown and Root's financial empire. In return, Brown
financed Johnson's political rise. "It was a totally corrupt
relationship and it benefited both of them enormously. Brown & Root
got rich and Johnson got powerful." LBJ biographer Ronnie Dugger
adds, Johnson "wouldn't have been [elected to the U.S. Senate in
1948] without Brown & Root's backing."
1947: Brown & Root built one of the world's first offshore oil
platforms.
Eisenhower's vice president, Richard Nixon, was chosen by Brown
Brothers Harriman partner Prescott Bush. In an electoral-vote
reversal, Nixon lost his 1960 bid for the presidency to Kennedy,
but Kennedy, in a "devil's bargain" to win the South, accepted as
his running mate Brown & Root loyalist Lyndon Johnson.
Before Kennedy's inauguration, however, Nixon, acting as
intelligence liaison with the CIA in Eisenhower's NSC, authorized
the CIA to proceed with numerous black ops that Kennedy could not
stop even through orders countermanding them. Enraged, Kennedy
attempted to "purge" the CIA of "rogue elements."
Kennedy was assassinated; Johnson (Brown & Root) became president.
Declining to run for re-election, due to the Bobby Baker scandal,
Johnson was succeeded as president by Nixon, who surrounded himself
with men like Dick Cheney and Don Rumsfeld, agents of Halliburton
(Brown & Root) and Bechtel, et al.
1961: President Eisenhower delivers his farewell address, warning
of the war-profiteering ambitions of the military/industrial
complex and the potential for a "disastrous rise of misplaced power."
Former GOP strategist Kevin Phillips later chronicled how Bush
dynasty founders George H. Walker and Samuel Prescott Bush were
"present at the very emergence of what became the U.S. military-
industrial complex, in which the Bush family has been enmeshed ever
since."
George H. W. Bush, son of Brown Brothers Harriman partner Prescott
Bush, and CIA agent "under commercial cover" Thomas Devine founded
Zapata Oil with funding from Brown & Root.
"Zapata's filing records with the SEC are intact for the years
1955-1959, and again from 1967 onwards, but records for the years
1960-1966 are missing. The destruction of records occurred in 1981
shortly after Bush became Vice President, according to SEC record
analyst Wison Carpenter." Journalist Joseph McBride has suggested
that Zapata Offshore Oil Company was a front for the Bay of Pigs
invasion and other CIA operations in Latin America.
Code-named "Operation Zapata," the Bay of Pigs invasion is planned
and orchestrated by several alumni of Yale's Skull and Bones secret
society, which now boasts three generations of Bushes as members.
(Despite a November 1963 memo stating that "Mr. George Bush of the
Central Intelligence Agency" was briefed by J. Edgar Hoover on "the
post-assassination reaction of Cuban exiles in Miami" after the
Kennedy assassination, the CIA denied Bush's involvement with the
agency even after he became Director in 1976.)
1967: The General Accounting Office faulted Brown & Root, leading
government-contractors during the Vietnam War, for numerous
accounting lapses [e.g., cost overruns, overbilling, and taxpayer
fraud].
Anti-Vietnam-war protesters target Brown & Root as a symbol of the
"military-industrial complex" ...
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