-Caveat Lector-
Treason in America -- From Aaron Burr to Averell Harriman
ANTON CHAITKIN (C)1984
New Benjamin Franklin House
P. O. Box 20551
New York, New York 10023
ISBN 0-933488-32-7
-----
This book has been out of print and hard to get for years, but a NEW second
edition is just out. Highly recommended, there are charts, pix and more. Only
$15.00 retail.
Om
K
--[19b]--
--19b--
Nazis and the World Council of Churches
There was another avenue the pro-Nazi faction in the West used to promote
Hitler. Like his forefathers, John Foster Dulles, with the Round Tablers who
had groomed him and his younger brother, used religion as an entry point. The
form of that religious entry point was another approximation of a world
government.
A spectacular meeting of delegates from Europe and America was held in the
summer of 1937 at Oxford, England, to establish the World Council of
Churches. The conference was organized and directed by Anglican churchman J.
H. Oldham. The gathering was opened and greeted by the Chancellor of Oxford
University, the dean of British appeasers, Lord Halifax.
The World Council of Churches numbered among its leaders, the leaders of the
appeasement-of-Hitler faction in the West: Halifax Dulles, Lothian It was to
further that appeasement, and the Nazi racialist view, that the WCC was
formed.
A committee was formed, chaired by Willem Visser 't Hooft, to study the
Christian attitude towards war. The committee reported that pacifism�in the
face of Hitler aggression�was Christian, and so was fighting in unjust
"patriotic" wars as the Nazis were preparing to do�and these attitudes were
just as Christian as the notion that justice should be done (that is, that
Hitler should be resisted).
Visser 't Hooft explained in the official account of the World Council's
formation(25) the origin of the social and ecclesiastic ideas of the
conference organizer, J.H. Oldham:
Oldham used the expression "league of churches" because in those days [1920s]
he was profoundly interested in the process whereby the League of Nations had
come into being in January 1920. He was in touch with the "Round Table"
group, in particular with Lionel Curtis and Philip Kerr, later Lord Lothian,
both of whom had taken an active part in the elaboration of the plan for a
League of Nations, Curtis as a member of the Peace Delegation at Versailles
and Kerr as Lloyd George's private secretary. Both men were also in close
touch with [South African] General Smuts and Lord Robert Cecil. On 20
September 1952, Oldham wrote to me: "The Round Table group were my great
educators in matters of constitutional principle. They clarified my thinking
in these matters. I saw clearly that though the Continuation Committee was an
organization of church boards it was in principle an entirely new development
in church life and that it might lead in the future to new relations between
the churches themselves. [emphasis in the original]
The 1937 Oxford Conference published several reports, among them a book�The
Universal Church and the World of Nations� expressing the new organization's
views on the need for the reordering of the world's political affairs under a
world government. The lead article was written by Lord Lothian, under the
title "The Demonic influence of National Sovereignty." Another was written by
American delegate John Foster Dulles. Lothian and Dulles argued that national
sovereignty�like the political and juridical independence of the United
States�causes wars.
Lord Lothian had met privately with Adolf Hitler in 1935 and again in 1937.
Since the Fuhrer was then building a war machine that might overthrow that
very national sovereignty which Lothian decried, among nations of continental
Europe, their discussion centered around ways of overcoming opposition within
the West to Hitler's efforts. In the transcript of the 1935 meeting, Adolf
Hitler tells Lord Lothian:
Germany, England, France, Italy, America and Scandinavia . . . should arrive
at some agreement whereby they would prevent their nationals from assisting
in the industrializing of countries such as China, and India.
It is suicidal to promote the establishment in the agricultural countries of
Asia of manufacturing industries. From these countries we should rather take
raw materials in return for manufactured goods. Unless some such arrangement
is made, England, Germany and America will lose their export trade.(26)
Hitler's view precisely coincided with the order the British Empire had
imposed on colonies across the world. In years to come, Hitler repeatedly
cited to his intimates the example of British depredation in India as his
model for what he meant to do to Eastern Europe. Lothian and Hitler could
agree entirely on this pure Nazi, pure British colonial dogma: that the
underdeveloped, or non-"white" countries, must not be allowed to develop
independent modern manufacturing industry. This genocidal prohibition against
development has been as well, from its beginning, the exact viewpoint of the
World Council of Churches.
The transcript of Lord Lothian's 1935 meeting with Hitler includes this
exchange:
Lothian: Best thing I can do is to inform the PM [prime minister] [Sir John]
Simon, and [Stanley] Baldwin of this talk, and to emphasize that Anglo-German
conversations can be conducted with a view to a plan designed to stabilize
Europe for 10 years.
Hitler: Agreed.... The best means of preserving peace would be for England
and Germany to make a common declaration that anybody who breaks the peace
shall be punished by these two Powers.
Lothian: Quoted [Cecil] Rhodes' view�USA, England and Germany would together
preserve peace of the world.... He agreed with Fuhrer that cooperation
between Germany, USA and England provided solid foundation for a League of
Nations.
In their meeting just before the founding conference of the World Council of
Churches, Lothian assured Hitler that "Britain had no primary interests in
Eastern Europe.... Germany's role in this sphere was clear."
Lord Lothian, whom the World Council of Churches selected in 1937 to
represent its views to the world, was in 1938 one of the most intimate
advisors to the new British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain. Another
Chamberlain intimate was a member of the cabinet, Sir Samuel Hoare, who had
arranged the original financing of the fascist movement of Benito Mussolini.
Another insider was Lord Halifax, who had opened the World Council of
Churches conference and had represented British Catholics at the conference
(the Vatican, on the-other hand, refused to be represented there). He was
Neville Chamberlain's foreign minister, and went to Germany to arrange the
Munich sellout of Czechoslovakia to the Nazis.
It is remarkable that Winston Churchill, when he finally took over the
British government from the pro-Nazis, had the gall to appoint, first Lord
Lothian, and, after Lothian died, Lord Halifax, to be the British ambassadors
to the United States. Even while asking for the U.S. to join in Britain's war
with Germany, these two men continued to work for an alliance of Britain and
the Nazis in Europe.
Halifax kept a staff of 5,000 at the British embassy in Washington during the
war, while he lived in a former slave plantation in Virginia. He revealed to
his biographers why his own religious philosophy was perhaps so different
from real Roman Catholicism that he could officially open the World Council
of Churches founding conference, while the Catholic church boycotted it:
As they stood looking at the garden . . . [Lord Halifax's]
eye had fallen upon the slave quarters:
"I regret that there are no slaves," he said; "this would
be my hour for visiting my slaves. I should talk affably with
them. I should visit the sick and aged and read the Bible to them, and when
gross impropriety or misconduct demanded it, I should correct them, and every
now and then I should bend to pat a little head. Finally I should make them
all sing Spirituals to me."
No German churches were represented at the WCC conference at Oxford in 1937,
because the Hitler government would not give passports to any delegates. But
a Committee of 14 was selected at the end of the conference, to carry out the
actual setting up of the World Council of Churches organization. For
representation on this Committee, the World Council leaders paid special
attention to the factional situation within German Protestantism.
The official Evangelical (Lutheran) Church was at that time an instrument of
the Nazi state; there existed an opposition faction called the "Confessing
Church" with many thousands of adherents. But the World Council of Churches
specifically invited only the pro-Nazi leadership to join the WCC
organization planners. Anti-Nazis even those who simply did not cooperate
with the Nazis�were specifically disinvited. Bishop Heckel, head of the
foreign affairs department of the Evangelical Church, who was described by
World Council executive director Visser 't Hooft as having "close relations
with the Foreign Office of the Third Reich," was brought into the Committee
of 14, so that the World Council during its period of organization could
"maintain relations" with the official Nazi church.
John Foster Dulles, the chief international attorney for the Nazis, was a
delegate to the World Council founding conference, in his capacity as head of
the International Department of the American ecumenical group, the Federal,
later National, Council of Churches.(28)
This, then, was the leadership of the peace movement of the 1930s the
peace-with-Hitler movement. This message was spread through the churches and
their youth groups by Dulles-style Christians.(29) It was spread by coercion
through the Jewish community, against the boycott of Nazi Germany, by
Dulles-style Jews such as the Sulzbergers, the owners of the New York Times,
who ran the B'Nai B'Rith and the American Jewish Committee. It was spread
through government and political circles by Dulles's Council on Foreign
Relations. It was spread through the business world by Averell Harriman, who
was Chairman of the Business Advisory Council to the Commerce Department
throughout the 1930s. After World War II another peace movement, representing
another totalitarianism, using the same methods, with the same targets to
influence, would be led by the same people in the same institutions.
Today, those who sold out the West to the Nazis will do the same for the
Soviets, if they are permitted to do so.
'Collective Guilt' and the Postwar World
Throughout the Second World War, the World Council of Churches executive,
headed by Willem Visser 't Hooft, was based in Geneva, Switzerland. When
Visser 't Hooft descended upon Stuttgart, Germany, in 1945, he and his
cooperating German churchmen�most prominently Martin Niemoller�published the
famous declaration of the Collective Guilt of the German people for the
crimes of Hitler, with which this narrative begins. The doctrine of
Collective Guilt had a dual purpose: To impose upon Germans, by virtue of
their birth�in true racialist style� the lie that all were guilty of the
crimes of a dictatorship which had ruined Germany as surely as it did any
other nation. Second, to cover up. The men who developed and extended the
Collective Guilt dogma, were the men who themselves had been (and continued
to be)�Nazis.
The doctrine had been worked out with precision by the famous Swiss
psychiatrist, Carl Jung, who wrote, in an essay published immediately after
the war:
Without guilt, there can be no psychic maturation, and no widening of the
spiritual horizon.... Germans today . . . might make amends for a sin of
omission of which our whole civilization is guilty.... Science has been
refined to an almost unimaginable extent, technical achievement has reached
an almost uncanny degree of perfection. But what of man. . . ? He sets about
enjoying these dangerous playthings, completely oblivious of the shadow
lurking behind him.... Who has had a more immediate experience of the feeling
of helplessness and abandonment to the powers of darkness than the German who
fell into the clutches of the Germans?
If collective guilt could only be understood and accepted, a great step
forward would have been taken.(30)
Carl Jung already had considerable experience with the "powers of darkness."
He was a lifelong student of Gnosticism and pagan superstitions of every
kind. His central religious concept was that the God of the Bible is evil,
because he denies man the "freedom" that Satan gives; and that man can only
be free by himself doing greater evil in return.
When, in 1934, the president of the German Psychiatric Association resigned
his post rather than let his work be used by the new Nazi regime, Carl Jung,
who was not even German but Swiss, took his place. His published writings
throughout the Nazi period justify Nazism as the natural excrescence of the
"collective unconscious" of the German people a notion only slightly more
sophisticated than the Nazi "excrescence of patriotism" reported by Captain
Truman Smith. "Collective unconscious" and "collective guilt" are twin
products of Jungian Science. In the late 1930s Dr. Jung gave a series of
lectures to the Tavistock Psychiatric Clinic- in England, laying the basis
for the methods of postwar German "re-education" implemented by the British
and the U.S. State Department faction. During the war Jung spun a web for
intelligence-gathering and influence from his Swiss base, on behalf of his
Round Table and Gnostic comrades.
And one of Jung's disciples and agents was Boston Brahmin Mary Bancroft, who
was at the same time an official agent of the U.S. Office of Strategic
Services and the mistress of Allen Dulles. Allen Dulles was then running OSS
operations in Switzerland.
Miss Bancroft was blunt about how "collective guilt" was substituted for
actual denazification�which would in fact have hit hard at the interests and
the involvements of Dr. Jung and the Dulleses: "Jung said . . .
'[Martin] Niemoeller is someone with whom something might be done.' He
thought that Niemoeller might be useful in helping straighten out some of the
religious and philosophical turmoil in which so many Germans found
themselves, as well as helping them to face up to the problem of collective
guilt which was so acute in Germany at the time. Niemoeller and his wife
finally did come to Switzerland (31)
The World Council of Churches, as an extra-legal, quasi-official occupation
authority in postwar West Germany, enforced its "collective guilt" doctrine
in a very simple way. Another Swiss gentleman, the Rev. Dr. Karl Barth, the
guru of Council executive director Visser 't Hooft, certified German churches
as "denazified" if they consented to Collective Guilt and agreed to combat
"German revanchism"�the Russian propaganda formulation which was already
present in the 1945 World Council proclamations.
Philosophy and Purpose of the WCC
As the World Council of Churches was an avenue in the West for Nazism, during
the 1930s, today, it is an avenue for Moscow. The appeasers of the 1930s, are
the appeasers of today.
The Russian Orthodox Church and certain Russian-oriented patriarchs of the
Greek church�representing the monastery at Mt. Athos�played important roles
in the 1930s deliberations for the founding of the World Council of Churches;
since then, the Russians have made this organization their main Western base.
In 1948 the Council held a World Assembly, in which John Foster Dulles again
played a leading role. There the Council was launched on its present course
as center of the Soviet-directed peace movement, and the ideological and
organizational wellspring of many anti-Western movements: in particular, the
West German Green Party.
John Foster Dulles got a reputation as a Cold Warrior against the Soviets,
when his brink-of-war and massive retaliation policies were exhibited in his
1950s tenure as President Eisenhower's Secretary of State. But the World
Council, which decries all defense of the West as war-mongering, held its own
theatrical funeral service for Dulles when he died in 1959, eulogizing him as
a great Christian.
A glimpse into the "Eastern" philosophical orientation of the World Council
of Churches will help solve the apparent contradiction. Visser 't Hooft
reports that the Russian "blood and soil" fascist Nicolas Berdyaev served as
a consulting philosopher in the formative years of the Council; Berdyaev
continued to set the moral tone for the group in his regular lectures at the
Council's ecumenical training center at Bossey Switzerland, after World War
II.
Berdyaev was the son of an almost comically degenerate Russian aristocratic
family. He explained that his upbringing was so precious that he could never
stand the company of males, and, while he would sit up all night talking to
the ladies, he found women to be "sexually repulsive."(32) He started his
anti-Western Rebellion as a Marxist, then gravitated to the Russian Orthodox
Church.
After Mussolini took over Italy in 1922, Berdyaev celebrated the new movement
in a book called 'The New Middle Ages," in which the World Council of
Churches' resident philosopher wrote:
We are witnessing the end of the Renaissance.... Minds gifted with some power
of intuition would readily go back to the middle ages [i.e. before the
Renaissance] to seek there the real roots of human life to find man once more
.... Man is tired to death and is ready to rest upon any kind of
collectivism that may-come; and then human individuality will vanish once and
for all.
I look to the thought of a world which is to begin, the world of the new
middle ages.... The rationalist day of a past history declines; its sun sets
and night is upon us. . .
The old worn out world to which we can never go back is precisely the world
of modern history: a world of rationalist prophets, of individualism and
Humanism, Liberalism and democratic theories, of imposing national monarchies
and imperialist politics, of a monstrous economic system compounded of
Industrialism and Capitalism, of vast technical apparatus, of exterior
conquests and practical achievements, a world of unbridled and endless
covetousness in its public life, of atheism and supreme disdain X the soul,
and, at last, of Socialism, the end and crown of all contemporary history. We
gladly echo the words of the revolutionary song, "Down with the Old World"....
As things are we can regard individualism only as utter reaction, though it
still flatters itself that it is the pioneer of liberty, light and progress.
Liberalism, parliamentarism, constitutionalism, juridical formalism,
rationalism and empirical philosophy, so many fruits of the individualist
spirit and of humanist self-affirmation, are all reactionary.. They have had
their day and their original significance is played out.... Now [man] moves
toward generality, an epoch of universality and collectivity....
Fascism is the sole innovation in contemporary European politics and it
belongs to a middle age as much as does communism. [Its] principle of force
in the insurgence of suddenly united groups, is typical of a new middle age.
Fascism does not know in what name it acts, but it abandons juridical forms
for life itself.
The end of capitalism is the end of modern history and the beginning of the
new middle ages. The imposing humanisr enterprise has failed and the remains
ought to be scrapped.(33)
Another philosopher, an associate of Berdyaev's, and the most important
consultant to the postwar policy-planning of the World Council of Churches,
was Arnold Toynbee. Toynbee looked forward to the practical implementation of
Lord Lothian's drive for the elimination of "demonic" national sovereignty,
or man's sovereignty over his own will:
The people of each local sovereign state will have to renounce their state's
sovereignty and subordinate it to the paramount sovereignity of a literally
world-wide government. But this revolution in mankind's political
organization can be brought about only as a consequence of a far more radical
and more profound revolution, a revolution in our fundamental ideas and
ideals. For a true and lasting peace, a religious revolution is, I am sure, a
sine qua non.
Certain technologies may be helpful.
It is evident that the television screen would be an invaluable instrument
for use in securing the acquiescence of people who disliked the prospect of
submitting to a dictatorial world government and even more valuable for
convincing the masses to accept the kind of regime that such a world
government would impose on them.
And, if tampering with minds is not enough....
Now that our progress in technology has armed us with annihilating weapons,
it is conceivable that we may come to the conclusion that we cannot any
longer afford to let nature take its course in the production of human
beings; that we cannot afford to have anti-social behavior.... We might
decide that we must sterlize all human males and females before the age of
puberty, and must breed children exclusively from test-tubes out of selected
genes, from which we shall have eliminated those genes that generate
self-centredness, aggressiveness, pugnacity, and anti-social behavior of all
kinds.
If I am right in forecasting that a world dictatorship is likely to be the
way in which we shall avoid liquidating ourselves in an atomic war, and if I
live to see this development, I should on then whole be -optimistic, because
I should not expect the dictatorship to be permanent....
Surely our paramount objective now ought to be the negative one of taking
care not to liquidate ourselves....
It is most unlikely, I fear, that it will be established by the will, or even
with the acquiescence, of the majority of mankind. It seems to me likely to
be imposed on the majority by a ruthless, efficient, and fanatical minority,
inspired by some ideology or religion. I guess that mankind will acquiesce in
a harsh Leninian kind of dictatorship as a lesser evil than
self-extermination or than a continuing anarchy which could end only in
self-extermination. If the reluctant majority does accept this dictatorship
on this ground, I think they will be making the right choice, because it
would enable the human race to survive.
Toynbee also wrote:
It is true that some present-day Americans profess to take an almost
Graeco-Roman or Asian view of suicide when they say 'better dead than red.'
But I am not convinced they really mean it. I cannot see the American people
preferring mass-suicide to submission to political servitude....(34)
The Mystery of Harriman and Dulles
Averell Harriman and the Dulles brothers achieved their greatest notoriety
for their political roles in the 1940s and 1950s. Harriman was U.S.
Ambassador to the Soviet Union during the later period of World War II. He
arranged for President Franklin Roosevelt, by then seriously ill, to be
dragged to Yalta in Russia for a conference with Josef Stalin and Winston
Churchill, a conference whose details were under Ambassador Harriman's close
supervision. At Yalta Roosevelt signed a pact which guaranteed free elections
and a new democratic government to postwar Poland. FDR died just after the
Yalta conference, and Ambassador Harriman remained to see to Yalta's
implementation. Poland never got its free elections.
Franklin Roosevelt's vision of the postwar world was not shared by Stalin,
Churchill, or Harriman. Roosevelt proposed to Churchill that India would
fight harder for the Allies if Britain promised India postwar independence.
Harriman explained Churchill's alarm at the proposal and lectured the
President on the divided interests of India's population. FDR replied that
during the 1780s, newly independent Americans thought they had conflicting
regional and political interests, but the federal Constitution showed the
conflict was only apparent�perhaps the American experience could be utilized
in India?
Roosevelt also proposed giving independence to the peoples of French-ruled
Southeast Asia. He spoke at the wartime conferences on behalf of a massive
postwar reconstruction effort using America's energy to bring modern
industry, technology and education to North Africa and other backward
colonial areas. Harriman, Churchill, and Stalin busied themselves in
dickering and plans for the postwar rearrangement of the world map into new
"spheres of influence." The Yalta process continues to the present day.
In an attempt to fill the immense gap in-Averell Harriman's biography�the
Nazi period of the 1920s and 1930s the present author made an official
request to inspect the correspondence and other papers of Mr. Harriman. The
guardians of the papers, the family banking firm Brown Brothers Harriman,
requested the author fill out a form specifying the reason for wishing to see
the papers, which are stored in a warehouse in Brooklyn, N.Y. The author
complied by describing his father's work in the anti-Nazi boycott of the
1930s, pointing to Harriman's central role in German-American commerce of
that time, and reporting his hope for an eventual official inquiry into the
creation of the Hitler regime. The law firm of former Defense Secretary Clark
Clifford, representing the 94-year-old Harriman, called the author to
announce that no one sees the papers under any circumstances.
Yet Los Angeles Times reporter Rudy Abramson has been working in the Harriman
papers for the past three years preparing an authorized biography; Abramson
told the present author that his biography will focus on Harriman's Soviet
activities his "peace" activities.
What secrets does the Brooklyn warehouse contain? Perhaps the exact nature of
the massive political favor Harriman must have performed for the Nazis,
putting him in the position to manage all of the "blocked-mark" imports into
the United States.
Selected papers of the Dulles brothers lie in the Princeton University
library. Access to even the uncensored papers of Allen Dulles require a
special application to the "Allen Dulles Committee." Access to the papers of
Sullivan and Cromwell is sealed to all.
But there is a Dulles family matter which ought to give us
special insight into the nature of those private transactions through which
the Dulleses were positioned to do such powerful evil to humanity. It is the
Mallet connection, to one of the most evil families in this country's
history, which we pick up again here.
The Mallets: Centuries of Evil
Theologian Allen Macy Dulles, father- of Allen and John Foster, reformed the
entire Presbyterian church in America. It was his brother, Petit Dulles, who
married into the Mallet family by marrying the Swiss-American Julia
Mallet-Prevost. The remarkable family connection thus established gave the
Dulleses a powerful welcome in Switzerland. The Mallets, the Prevosts and the
combined Mallet-Prevosts have already figured largely in the unfolding of our
series, "Treason in America." Let us now briefly describe the story of this
unique family grouping, as far as it is presently known.
The Mallets and Prevosts were two of the oligarchical families which held
hereditary seats in the "Council of 200" ruling Geneva, Switzerland. In
alliance with the British royal family, this ruling set constituted a kind of
Swiss-based grand committee of the feudal aristocracy's spymasters in
18th-century Europe; other families on the Council were the Gallatins and Du
Pans.
The first book of the German romantic movement�Danish Antiquities, which
counterposed the supposed virtues of the wild forest ancestors of Nordic
Europeans to the milder Mediterranean heritage, was written by Paul-Henri
Mallet in 1750. This first anthropologist, a paid spy of King George III, was
the teacher and political guide of Albert Gallatin, the future U.S. Treasury
Secretary. Paul-Henri Mallet served as adviser to the Landgrave of Hesse, and
Hesse's ambassador to Switzerland. His cousin Jacques Mallet du Pan was a
professor of religion and literature in Hesse; he vowed to "eradicate the
work of St. Boniface in Germany": to restore pre-Christian barbarism to
northern Europe. It was undoubtedly the Mallets and the Gallatin family which
arranged the sale of Hessian mercenaries to the British to fight against the
American Revolution.
British forces invading South Carolina during the American Revolution were
led by Gen. Augustine Prevost and his brother Col. James Mark Prevost. When
James Mark Prevost died, pro-Tory Aaron Burr married his widow and joined
British intelligence. Augustine Prevost and his son of the same name set up
the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry in the United States.
In the 1790s Jacques Mallet Du Pan, whose uncle Jacob Du Pan was a banker in
the household of the Duke of Orleans, set up the continental European
intelligence service for Great Britain based in Berne, Switzerland. He cursed
the American Revolution for having released a "swarm of fanatics" into
Europe. He predicted "disturbances" in America upon George Washington's
death. Washington died in 1799. The following year Thomas Jefferson was
elected President. Aaron Burr became Vice-President and Albert Gallatin
Treasury Secretary; Gallatin dissolved the U. S. Army and Navy, and Jefferson
arrested Burr for treason and secession.
Paul Henry Mallet-Prevost, an immigrant from Switzerland to New Jersey, was
compelled to answer charges at the time of Burr's trial that he supplied the
guns and money for Burr's treason from Europe. It was his grandson who went
to school with John Foster Dulles's grandfather, and the Dulleses married
into the Mallet-Prevosts, as Aaron Burr had done.
>From 1807 to 1860 the leader of the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry in the
United States was J. J. J. Gourgas Du Pan de Rengers of Geneva, Jacques
Mallet Du Pan's cousin. His organization spawned the "Knights of the Golden
Circle," recruiters of the armed secessionist movement in the American South,
leading to the Civil War.
Jacques Mallet Du Pan's grandson, Louis Mallet, was the creator of the
British intelligence organization, the Cobden Club, which led the fight to
overturn Abraham Lincoln's dirigist economics program in the late 19th
century.
Louis Mallet's son Bernard Mallet was the private secretary to Britain's Lord
Balfour, and became president of the British Eugenics organization. He was
the honored guest at Averell Harriman's race science celebration at the
American Museum of Natural History in 1932, just before Hitler's Nazis took
over Germany�on the program of Bernard Mallet's forebears.
At the World Council of Churches funeral service for John Foster Dulles, the
law firm of Curtis, Mallet-Prevost,(35) founded by Dulles's first cousin
Severo Mallet-Prevost, was represented by Mallet-Prevost partner Ernest
Gross. Mr. Gross's speech was a high point of the funeral�he had replaced
John Foster Dulles as head of the International Department of the National
Council of Churches.
pp. 523-574
--notes--
1. Lansing, Robert, War Memoirs of Robert Lansing Secretary of State,
Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indianapolis, 1935, pp. 15-26.
2. Mosley, Leonard, Dulles: A Biography of Eleanor, Allen, and John Foster
Dulles and their Family Network, The Dial Press/James Wade, New York,
3. Handwritten letter and typescript in Dulles papers, Princeton University
library.
4. Mosley, Dulles, pp. 45 48.
5. Lord Lothian to Edgar Abraham, Jan. 31, 1934, quoted in Butler, Sir James
RM., Chief Historian for the Official Military History of the War of
1939-1945, Lord Lothian (Philip Kerr), 1882-1940, Macmillan and Co.,
London1960, p. 73.
6. House of Commons, Dec. 19, 1940, quoted in ibid., p. 71.
7. Lothian to Lionel Curtis, Oct. 15, 1918, quoted in Ibid., pp. 68 70.
8. Armstrong, Hamilton Fish, Peace and Counterpeace, From Wilson to Hitler,
Harper and Row, New York, 1971, pp. 44.
9. Mosley, Dulles, p. 487.
10. Smith, Truman, The Facts of Life, memoirs dated 1964, printed in Berlin
Alert The Memoirs and Reports of Truman Smith, Hoover Institution Press,
Stanford, California, 1984, pp. 17-18. Smith's faulty memory of having
deployed Hanfstaengel was rudely refreshed, as related in Berlin Alert, p. 47:
"Fourteen-and-one half years later�on March 3, 1937�he acompanied Mr. Hugh
Wilson, our newly appointed ambassador to Germany, to the chancellor's palace
. . . for his initial reception by Adolph Hitler. . . Smith together with
other members of the embassy staff entered a large formal reception hall to
be presented to the fuhrer-chancellor. The embassy staff . . . passed down
the reception line . . . When Smith's turn came, he shook hands with Hitler
and was about to pass on, when he felt a hand grasp his sleeve. 'Have I
not-seen you before?' Hitler asked. I was somewhat surprised but answered
immediately, 'Yes, Mr. Chancellor, in Munich in 1922.' 'Oh yes,' replied
Hitler, 'you introduced me to Hanfstaengl.' Then, another member of the
embassy staff stepped up to shake hands with the chancellor. I never spoke to
Hitler again."
11. ibid., pp. 62 63, 65.
12. ibid., p. 59.
13. Quoted in Berlin Alert, pp. 70-74.
14. Hanfstaengl, Ernst, Unheard Witness, J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia
1957, pp. 32-33.
15. Murphy, Robert D., Diplomat Among Warriors, Doubleday and Company Garden
City, New York, 1964, pp. 21-22.
16. Schacht to John Foster Dulles, March 20, 1922, Dulles Papers.
17. John Foster Dulles to Thomas Lamont, April 1, 1922, Dulles Papers.
18. Rollins, Richard, I Find Treason: The Story of an American Anti-Nan
Agent, William Morrow and Co., New York, 1941, p. 17-23; Riess, Curt, Total
Espionage, G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1941, p. 55; -Rogge, O. John, The
Official German Report: Nazi Penetration 1924-1942, Pan: Arabism 1939-Today,
Thomas Yoseloff, New York, 1961 p. 23-25 (for
Captain Friederick Carl Mensing of North German Lloyd).
19. Kelman, George, E. H. Harriman, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1922, p. 15.
Kennan also points out the practical working relationship between
Harriman and the Stillman-Rockefeller group at National City Bank (later
"Citibank"), financiers of Standard Oil.
20. Material on Harriman's eugenics is largely developed from the research of
Robert Zubrin. See also Chase, Allan, The Legacy of Malthus: The Social Costs
of the New Scientific Racism, Alfred A. Knopf, New York 1980; this is a
valuable, impassioned, but curiously flawed book. Alan Chase being a
"leftist," he cannot attack favorites in the Left pantheon such as Charles
Darwin and Averell Harriman. The Harriman family only financed eugenics;
according to Chase, in a telephone interview with the present author, the
Harrimans didn't really understand what they were doing and didn't much
participate in the movement they paid for.
21. The report was widely publicized in the daily press; see Harriman
clippings file, New York Public Library, 42nd Street and Fifth Avenue, New
York City.
22. Dulles Papers, Princeton University Library.
23. In New York Municipal Court, Jacob (Chaitkin, representing Katherine
Perry, versus Sullivan and Cromwell, representing the North German Lloyd Co.
The court records for this period are supposed to have been routinely
destroyed, but the case was covered in the New York Tribune and the New York
Times beginning Nov. 1933. Judge James S. Watson's decision against Dulles
and the Nazis was covered in the Times of January 10, 1934, page 31, col 3>
24. Chaitkin, Anton, "Hitler, Dulles and the B'Nai B'Rith, " in New
Solidarity, March 30, 1984. See also Gottlieb, Moshe R., American Anti-Nazi
Resistance, 1933-1941:AnHistoricalAnalysis, Ktav Publishing House, New York,
1982. The boycott files of the American Jewish Congress were later placed in
the custody of the anti-boycott American Jewish Committee at whose New York
City headquarters such boycott records as they have chosen to make accessible
may be studied.
25. Visser 't Hooft, W. A., The Genesis and Formation of the World Council of
Churches, published by the World Council of Churches, Geneva, Switzerland,
1982, p. 11.
26. Transcriptions of the conversations excerpted in Butler, Lord Lothian
pp 332,. 337
27. Smith, Frederick Furneaux, 2nd Earl of Birkenhead, Halifax, The Life of
Lord Halifax, Harnish Hamilton, London, 1965, p. 485.
28. How did John Fpster Dulles, whose philosophical viewpoint was so
violently divergent from Christianity, come to representthe major American
Protestant denominations in international affairs? In 1922 the liberal New
York City preacher Harry Emerson Fosdick was attacked by fundamentalists for
advocating Darwinian "survival of the fittest" evolutionary concepts from his
Presbyterian pulpit; Fosdick was ensured by the Presbyterian General
Assembly. At that time the father of Allen and John Foster Dulles, the Rev.
Allen Macy Dulles, was Director of Apologetics at the Auburn Theological
Seminary, a Presbyterian institution in upstate New York.
Reverend Dulles swung into action and organized a defense of Fosdick,
circulating the "Auburn Affirmation" advocating "liberty of conscience"
within the church Reverend Dulles's Auburn Affirmation was signed by 1,293
Presbyterian ministers; the Reverend and his son, attorney John Foster
Dulles, worked for a national liberal counterattack, and their faction took
over the national leadership of the Presbyterian church on this issue. The
34-year-old John Foster Dulles, building his reputation as a liberal church
leader, was serving as counsel to the "progressive" Federal Council of
Churches as early as 1922. John Foster Dulles's views on Evolution and
survival of the fittest have already been seen to be anything but
"progressive"; no more so than those of Charles Darwin himself Why couldn't
the Presbyterian conservatives ever mount a public campaign to unmask Dulles
as a fraud, a pagan, a barbarian feudalist? We may see their problem in the
person of a major leader and bankroller of the mainstream of the church, John
Howard Pew. Around 1950 Pew was simultaneously chairman of the Board of
Trustees of the Presbyterian General Assembly, Chairman of the Lay Committee
of the National Council of Churches, and owner of the Sun Oil Company
("Sunoco"). Pew accuses the church liberals of trying to force an end to
poverty by governmental interference in private affairs. See the authorized
Pew biography�Sennholz, Mary, Faith and Freedom, Grove City College Press,
Grove City, Pennsylvania, 1975. On page 107-108, for example, Pew approvingly
quotes a co-thinker of his, that the Social Security program has "placed the
premium upon irresponsible, shiftless, spendthrift living"; it is a program
in which a man will have "his property [ie. taxes] taken from him for the
benefit of the shiftless, indolent wastrel [i.e. the elderly Social Security
recipient]". Pew's view is essentially that if people are hungry, Christians
should try privately to help them, but if this help is insufficient . . . the
misery or death of the poor may be God's way. His difference, if any, with
John Foster Dulles, his main Presbyterian liberal opponent, is that Dulles
wants a world dictatorship to finish off the poor, while Pew thinks private
enterprise can do the job unaided. After World War 11, the Pew family slipped
into their family-financed College at Grove City, Pa., an entire department
of neo-fascist (and some old fascist) economists from Austria. They must have
cooperated in this venture closely with that illustrious economist. Eleanor
Dulles, sister of Allen and John Foster, who was the postwar director of
Austrian reconstruction for the State Department.
Is it possible that Presbyterians never noticed that Dulles and his allies
ran both "right" and "left" wings of their church?
29. See, in the Dulles Papers at Princeton, Walter W. Van Kirk, national
director of the Federal Council of Churches and Director of the National
-Peace Conference, inviting Dulles to join the National Committee for a World
Conference for the appeasement of Hitler. Dulles accepted. A long
list of maior religious organizations adorn the letterhead.
30. Jung, Karl G.,�After the Catasrophe,� excerpted in Twitchell, Kenaston,
Regeneration in the Ruhr, Princeton, New Jersey, 1981.
31. Bancroft, Mary, Autobiography of A Spy, William Morrow and Company, New
York, 1983. During a telephone interview in which questions about the
national loyalties of the Dulles brothers raised some hackles, Mary Bancroft
delivered an unusual insult to the present author: "Your trouble is, that you
are very, very, rational"
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was also subject to the
Harriman-Dulles partnership. The London OSS bureau was run by David K.E.
Bruce, an employee and protege of Averell Harriman from the 1920s. Through
Bruce and other connections Averell Harriman dominated all "American"
intelligence functions in wartime Britain.
Bruce was the husband of a Pittsburgh Mellon heiress. Allen Dulles had been
the lawyer for the Mellons' big international oil ventures, and Sullivan and
Cromwell took over the management of the entire Mellon family fortune after
Carl Jung psychoanalyzed Paul Mellon and his wife in Switzerland.
32. See Lowrie, Donald A., Rebellious Prophet, A Life of Nicolas Berdyaev,
Harper and Brothers, New York, 1960, pp. 23, 27 and 73-80. In Dream and
Reality, An Essay in Autobiography, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1951,
Berdyaev himself says (pp. 17, 23):
"My family was particularly prone to nervous disorders, and my mother used to
say that . . . the Berdyaevs were not quite normal My brother was distinctly
neurotic, and some considered him quite abnormal. I suspect that this
background must have affected my subconscious....
"I dislike so called 'life'; and my dislike is not physiological or even
psychological [!], but spiritual in origin. I had a strong and well-formed
body, yet I was always conscious of a feeling of revulsion against its
physiological functions.... I always dislike stories about the sexual side of
people's romantic adventures, and could not avoid a feeling of distaste for
them. . . ."
33. Published in English as Berdyaev, Nicolas, The End of Our Time, Sheed
and Ward; New York, 1933, pp. 13, 15-16, 70, 78-79, 86, 90, 95.
34. Toynbee, Arnold Joseph, Surviving the Future, Oxford University Press
London, 1971, pp. 54, 66, 113-114, 117-118, 131.
35. Curtis, Mallet-Prevost today represents the government of Libyan dictator
Muammur Qaddafi in international affairs.
--fini--
Aloha, He'Ping,
Om, Shalom, Salaam.
Em Hotep, Peace Be,
Omnia Bona Bonis,
All My Relations.
Adieu, Adios, Aloha.
Amen.
Roads End
Kris
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