-Caveat Lector-

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/health/background_briefings/aids/newsid_341000/341288.stm

Quite a bit on AIDS.


Aids is spreading across the continent fast

             Aids is now the leading cause of death in Africa,
overtaking malaria
             as the continent's main killer disease, the United Nations
has said.

             It said the epidemic was responsible for one in five of all
deaths in
             Africa last year.

             Worldwide, the UN said Aids is now a bigger killer than any
other
             infectious disease - and the fourth overall cause of death,
after heart
             disease, strokes and respiratory infections, which often
affect people in
             old age.

             Nowhere in the world has the impact of Aids been more
devastating
             than in Africa, where the UN estimates that more than 11
million
             people have now died of the disease.

             'Formidable threat'

             Peter Piot, executive director of UNAids, the body
responsible for
             co-ordinating the fight against Aids, says it is the most
formidable
             disease to confront modern medicine, with the potential to
undermine
             the massive improvements made this century in global health
and
             well-being.

             He said HIV was catastrophic for two reasons: "Aids targets
young
             adults and the number of deaths are accelerating quickly.

             "Even if we stopped HIV today, because of the millions of
people now
             living with the infection, the burden of Aids will continue
to be
             severely felt.

             "This is only the tip of the iceberg," he said.

             Millions died

             The UN estimates that two million Africans died of Aids
last year. This
             is well over 80% of the world-wide death toll.

             Malaria, which used to be Africa's main killer, accounted
for about a
             million deaths.

             Part of the explanation behind the jump in the UN's Aids
figures is
             statitistical - many deaths previously attributed to
tuberculosis are now
             known to have been actually caused by Aids.

             Life expectancies in many countries are now plummeting as a
result
             of, and national health systems have been overwhelmed.

             Earlier this year, the Burundian government had to send
Aids patients
             home from hospital because, it said, there were almost no
beds for
             anyone else.

             Aids cases continue to rise

             The report - prepared in association with the World Health
             Organisation - said that while only small fluctuations in
impact have
             been seen over the years with other causes of death, the
Aids curve
             was rising sharply.

             "These new findings challenge the world to make better use
of the
             tools we have to reduce the impact of Aids, including
prevention and
             care, and to speed up the search for an Aids vaccine," Mr
Piot added.

             Another finding of the report is that depression and other
disorders
             which affect the brain have a major impact on a person's
physical
             health.

             The WHO measured how disability and other conditions
affected ill
             health.

             They found neuropsychiatric conditions, including
depression,
             dementia and alcohol and drug abuse, accounted for 23% of
the
             disease burden in Europe and the USA.

             The report said: "Neuropsychiatric conditions have been
ignored for a
             long time as they are absent from cause of death lists.

             "However, when disease burden measurement includes time
lived
             with a disability, several of the neuropsychiatric
disorders become
             leading causes of disease burden worldwide."

             The WHO estimates that major depression shortens healthy
active life
             by four years.

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