Kenn, Thanks for the patience. I know it's late, but I think it was worth the wait. Since the book is about cyberculture, this makes a great leadoff piece for the collection. I believe this is a Rickey Henderson for a leadoff. Robert The Web and the Pentagon Robert Sterling During the summer of 1969, the idea of a coming Aquarius Age was floating through the air in full bloom. Man had landed on the moon, Jimi Hendrix blasted Woodstock with "The Star-Spangled Banner," and Charles Manson led a bloody slaughter which, at least symbolically, appeased the angry moon-goddess as she demanded sacrifice to sanctify the new era. Perhaps it is fitting that when Labor Day weekend came that year, bringing the season to its traditional close (true, the season actually ends in late September, but most consider the Labor Day weekend the final gasp before Autumn hits), a little observed event occurred which would rock the planet in a way that - for all their impact on the collective unconsciousness - neither Neil, Jimi nor Chuck could ever hope to match. It happened at UCLA, not too far from the sites of Helter Skelter. Arriving there was the first network switch for a little campus-to-campus information network called ARPANet. The next day, it was hooked up, and soon after the very first message was sent from the node at UCLA to a second one located at Stanford Research Institute. With this tiny step, ignored by nearly everyone who wasn't involved with the project, the Internet was born. ARPANet was short for ARPA Network, and ARPA stood for the Advanced Research Projects Agency. ARPA funded scientific research and was formed in 1958, during the panic following the launching of the Russian space satellite Sputnik. Frightened by the prospect of the Evil Soviet Empire showing socialism was a superior economic system, the American establishment came up with the only logical response to the menacing threat: prove the claim to be false by having the government fund a huge, centralized project which was managed and controlled by the state. ARPA was controlled by the Department of Defense, and the purpose of ARPA was to focus on leading edge goodies that had military applications. The results were quite stunning, though cynics would point out that nearly every major American scientific advancement since 1958 wasn't funded until researchers could first find a way the technology could exterminate people more efficiently. ARPA certainly did not create the massive military-industrial komplex (Mikkies for short): this was done through World War II, Korea, and the Cold War paranoia which followed. Further, there were already many huge projects that were dubiously linked to military purposes, most notably the Federal Highway System, which was created thanks to a defense spending bill. (The supposed purpose of the highway system, people stuck in traffic jams should ironically remind themselves of, was to enable military equipment and personnel to be transported on the ground quickly.) Still, the founding of ARPA is an important event in the history of the American Mikkie, as it formed an agency to centralize and legitimize the concept of the Pentagon funding the US economic engine. In 1961, President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned the public of the threat that was being created. Having quietly played golf while he saw the death machine develop under his tenure, he boldly stated in his Farewell Address: Our military organization today bears little relation to that known by any of my predecessors in peacetime, or indeed by the fighting men of World War II or Korea. Until the latest of our world conflicts, the United States had no armaments industry. American makers of plowshares could, with time and as required, make swords as well. But now we can no longer risk emergency improvisation of national defense; we have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions. Added to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. We annually spend on military security more than the net income of all United States corporations. This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence -- economic, political, even spiritual -- is felt in every city, every State house, every office of the Federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. Since Ike bid goodbye with these words, only three presidents have even remotely dared to challenge the Mikkie establishment in any way: John Kennedy, Richard Nixon and Bill Clinton. JFK was bumped off, Tricky Dick was forced to resign in disgrace over Watergate, and Slick Willie has been effectively neutralized thanks to his Peckergate scandals. In 1972, ARPA would change its name to DARPA, the "D" standing for Defense. This move could have been applauded as more honest, a step forward in admitting the obvious link between the DOD and ARPA: unfortunately, it has merely aided the concealment of the blatant connection. The terms "DARPA" and "ARPA" are in fact interchangeable, but appear to the uninformed as two separate agencies. When it becomes convenient to hide military ties to a project, ARPA is the preferred name in the media. One DARPA project where there is a curtain obscuring Pentagon ties is the creation of the internet. Read an article on the subject, and the role of the DOD in the process will likely be unmentioned. ARPA (not DARPA) will probably be described as a benign institution created for altruistic and benevolent reasons, omitting that nothing would be financed by the agency that wasn't defense related. The Mikkie involvement with the internet has hardly ended, but merely has become more subtle. The control over the vast majority of Internet domain registrations (all ending with com, .net, .org, and .edu) now rests in the hands of Scientific Applications International Corporation (SAIC) of San Diego, CA. Officially, SAIC is a private company, a multi-billion dollar defense contractor. A scanning of the names of its past and present board of directors reveals the distinction of being a “private” company to be a sham. The list includes Admiral Bobby Ray Inman (former director of the NSA, deputy director of the CIA and a strong candidate for Watergate’s Deep Throat), Robert Gates (the former CIA director under George Bush), John Deutch (Bill Clinton’s former CIA director), William Perry (Clinton’s secretary of defense), Donald Hicks (former R&D head for the Pentagon), Donald Kerr (former head of the Los Alamos National Laboratory), Melvin Laird (defense secretary under Richard Nixon), and General Maxwell Thurman (the commander of the U.S. invasion of Panama.) Among the contracts that SAIC has received are for re-engineering the Pentagon's information systems, automating the FBI's computerized fingerprint identification system, and building a national criminal history information system. SAIC is widely rumored to be a CIA-military intelligence front: the facts suggest nothing otherwise. Of course, the history behind the last great information revolution, the creation of the printing press, is also cryptically concealed. Johann Gutenberg, the creator, was a successful silversmith by trade. At the time, many silversmiths were also alchemists, whose goal was to transmute base metal into silver and gold. The alchemists are considered by many to be the fathers of modern chemistry, but were much more: they were occultists, whose experiments in science were to reflect their own personal attempt to purify and transmute their own souls. All this leads to some important questions: was Gutenberg an alchemist himself? If so, how does the printing press fit into all this? Many people know what the first book Gutenberg published was: the Holy Bible. Few ask what the second book was. The answer? Good question. It appears the sole purpose of the printing press was to print the Bible and the Bible alone, and everything else was of little (if any) importance to him. Before the printing press, the Bible was a document in the hands of a select few, a corrupt priesthood centered in Rome. The printing of the Bible (and it's distribution to the masses) was a questioning of authority, an attack on the powers that be, a declaration of war. In retrospect, it makes sense this came from Germany, as this was where much of the shattered remnants of the Knights Templar fled when their order was outlawed by the Vatican. There, they hid in the underground, forming secret societies, waiting... and plotting for revenge. By the time Gutenberg came around, they were ready, and Gutenberg, silversmith, probable alchemist, and likely Rosicrucian as well, struck the glorious first blow that shook the world. Not too long after that, another German, Martin Luther (who had a rose and a cross as his personal seal) started a protest movement that shook the world in it's own right. Fast forward to the Cold War, and, in place of the Vatican and the Templars, there are the Evil Soviet Empire and the "Free" World led by the Uncle Sam. The Pentagon becomes obsessed with the security of their command center, namely, how to protect the war machine from destruction due to a targeted attack on the information center? After mulling over that mind bender, a brilliant answer is given: protect the command center by not having one. Rather than having information stored in one centralized location, it is suggested that it be held at multiple decentralized spots. All these spots would then be linked together by an international network. Internet for short. And so began the second great revolution in information distribution in history. How ironic that, like the printing press before it, it was an unintended byproduct of the battle for world domination, and those who created it weren't even aware of the full implications of the project. ********** “Turn on, tune in, and drop out.” Timothy Leary In 1953, the CIA began using LSD as part of MK-ULTRA, the now infamous collection of experiments and programs to test mind control on the American public. MK-ULTRA was merely the extension of twisted experiments pulled by Nazi scientists in concentration camps such as Auschwitz and Dachau, who apparently continued the experiments without blinking when smuggled into the USA courtesy of Operation Paperclip. (The "MK" is believed to stand for "Mind Kontrolle," representing the Germanic origins of the operation: going the full ten yards, however, and considering the diabolical nature of many of these tests, they could merely stand for "Mein Kampf.") LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD-25) was created in 1938, when Dr. Albert Hofmann formulated the first dose at Sandoz Pharmaceutic. Hofmann was experimenting with rye fungus derivatives, and in his 25th attempt (hence the "25" in the official name) came up with the master formula by accident. Absorbing the compound through his fingers, he began to trip. As Hoffman would later remember, "As I lay in a dazed condition with eyes closed, there surged up from me a succession of fantastic, rapidly changing imagery of a striking reality and depth, alternating with a vivid, kaleidoscopic display of colors." Two days later, Hoffman would administer an intentional trip. "I thought I had died. My 'ego' was suspended somewhere in space, and I saw my body lying dead on the sofa." The CIA would later switch from Sandoz to Eli Lilly as their drug supplier when Lilly cracked the secret formula, promising to supply the Company "tonnage quantities." One ton of LSD equals 2.5 billion doses. LSD, which was suspected to be an effective mind kontrol agent, was a major component of MK-ULTRA, used in such CIA tests as "Operation Midnight Climax," where CIA-run brothels were equipped with cameras and one-way mirrors, and hookers unwittingly dosed clients to cause unsuspecting trips. More sinister was the non-consenting dosage of African-American patients at a narcotics hospital for 75 days with increasing amounts. Coincidentally (or perhaps not-so-coincidentally) one of the two sole overseas military bases where the CIA tested LSD was the Atsugi Naval Base in Japan. During these tests, a young Marine by the name of Lee Harvey Oswald was stationed there. Among the people who flipped on acid as the decade came to a close were Jimi Hendrix and Charles Manson; considering the widespread usage of military personnel as guinea pigs, there is indeed a strong possibility that Neil Armstrong tripped as well on a few occasions. The kingpin of LSD during the late sixties, Ronald Stark, would often brag of his connections to the CIA. The boys of Langley, predictably, are silent on Stark's claim, but an Italian judge was convinced by the evidence in 1979 that he was, and dismissed a major case against him because of this conclusion. Stark hardly is the last major drug dealer to be closely tied to the CIA (as Danilo Blandon would be revealed in Gary Webb's groundbreaking "Dark Alliance" series), but there is one linkage to Stark that is most fascinating: he certainly fits the description of a "Mr. Big" LSD dealer who was believed to be the supplier for the Manson Family. The wealthiest victims of the Tate-LaBianca slayings were likely heavily involved in the LSD market, and their deaths probably had more to do with drug debts than they did with causing a race war, despite what Vincent Bugliosi may implausibly insist. Unsurprising, the evidence has never been properly investigated by authorities, so the answers remain an enigma. Yet the possible link between Manson and Stark raises a serious question: was the Manson Family a hit squad for hire for the ugly underbelly of CIA assets gone amuck, a gang of thugs hired to do dirty deeds dirt cheap? If so, the hit squad may have had even higher contacts than Stark: in 1974, Mansonite Squeaky Fromme failed an attempt to kill President Gerald Ford, which would've made a Rockefeller Commander-in-Chief. Michael Milan, a reputed hit man for J. Edgar Hoover, claims he was offered a contract to take out Ford before this by those high up in the establishment, and he argues the Manson Family took the contract instead. The whole sex, drugs and rock 'n roll rebellion of the sixties has been alleged by dubious sources (Lyndon Larouche and other uptight, sexually repressed opponents of hedonistic values) to be nothing more than a British intelligence mind kontrol experiment. Certainly this is a tad simplistic, but it is true that EMI (Electrical and Mechanical Instruments), the record label that launched The Beatles, was one of Britain's largest producers of military electronics and a key member of the military intelligence establishment. Much of what later became termed "Beatlemania" was originally nothing more than staged, contrived hysteria to promote the Fab Four, a staged hysteria that other fans would later emulate for real after receiving the cues for proper behavior. It is further true that the LSD epidemic was basically manufactured by the CIA, which often worked very closely with British intelligence and their Anglo-Saxon establishment. Much of the policy carried out by the CIA and MI6 was first drafted by the elitist Club of Rome and their favorite think tank, the British Tavistock Institute for Human Relations. All this leads to some interesting speculation about the actual purpose of the CIA distribution of LSD. Considering the inherently vile nature of MK-ULTRA, the conventional conspiratorial viewpoint is that it was for mass manipulation. Since the widest distribution of the psychedelic happened at the height of the anti-war and political rebellion of the sixties, it is possible the Army and CIA wanted to dose the political subversives into self-destruction. As Naked Lunch author William Burroughs commented about the drug (and certainly Burroughs would know), “LSD makes people less competent. You can see their motivation for turning people on.” Perhaps, and yet there does seem to be one problem with this grim, flippant explanation: for many people - if not the vast majority - the usage of LSD was extremely beneficial. The perceptions it awakened people to was of an uncomparable spiritual ecstasy, and many of the world’s finest cultural works have been inspired by it since its introduction. As John Lennon said (in his last Playboy interview, before the CIA murdered him) about the development of LSD: “We must always remember to thank the CIA and the Army for LSD. They invented it to control people, but they gave us freedom instead.” Timothy Leary boldly declared, "The LSD movement was started by the CIA. I wouldn't be here now without the foresight of the CIA Scientists." Even poet Allen S. Ginsberg asked - while on an acid trip, no less - the big question: "Am I the product of one of the CIA's experiments in mind control?" Could the CIA and Pentagon mess up so badly in their short-sighted attempt to promote authoritarianism, kontrol and korporate profits? Could they have unintentionally advanced the spiritual development of so many people? Could they have unwittingly evolved the human species, providing us a way to better appreciate Monty Python, Pink Floyd albums and lava lamps? Maybe. Then again, maybe not. Maybe it wasn’t by accident after all. Maybe it is at least partially true that the CIA’s distribution of LSD was actually benevolent. Maybe within the intelligence community, there is a faction that actually cares about mankind, and promoted the usage of LSD to subvert the status quo. A widely popular view within the underground information network (promoted mainly by the woman pen named as Ru Mills) is that there are two factions within the intelligence community: one that is for defending the US Constitution, the other which is for promotion of the New World Order. How the evidence is presented (and Ms. Mills is the first to admit her sources may be feeding her propaganda) leads little doubts as to which side is “the good guys” in the battle. The reality appears somewhat different: though many who fight for the Constitution do so for the decent, honorable reason of preserving worthwhile American values such as individualism, independence and liberty, there is a serious portion supposedly backing this agenda with other motives. Nationalism is an ideology which is a great promoter of warfare, and those in the Mikkie establishment have much invested in tribalism. Likewise, though there are many promoting internationalism for more cynical reasons, some do the same for quite noble purposes. What George Bush meant by “New World Order” and John Lennon meant with “Imagine” are two entirely different things, though on the surface they may look the same. Which leads us back to Aquarius. During the sixties, there certainly was a rising belief in a coming age, an age of enlightenment where man would reach a higher state of consciousness. The belief that a new age was upon us was widespread, whether it be the Christian Second Coming, the Crowleyite Aeon of Horus, or the most popular terminology of the time, Age of Aquarius. All these versions seemed to cling to an underlining belief of a savior or messiah who would lead people to this New Age. As pop spiritualist James Redfield would later describe it in The Celestine Prophecy: “One individual would grasp the exact way of connecting with God’s source of energy and direction and would become a lasting example that this connection is possible.” The belief littered pop-culture works with sometimes cryptic reference: The Who released the rock opera Tommy, Stanley Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke teamed up to present The Starchild in 2001, and the most-played song in the history of Rock Music, Led Zeppelin’s “Stairway to Heaven,” Robert Plant sings, “And it’s whispered that soon... the piper will lead us to reason.” Even Roman Polanski - whose lover Sharon Tate and their unborn child were the most shocking deaths of Helter Skelter - would refer to it in his spooky film Rosemary’s Baby, as one man’s savior is another man’s spawn of Satan. (Perhaps this explains why Anton LaVey’s Satanic Bible was also released in 1969.) To state that many of the promoters of this ideology were involved in the world of intelligence would be an understatement. Aleister Crowley worked with British Intelligence (among other agencies), even teaming up with future James Bond creator Ian Fleming to nab Rudolph Hess. One of Crowley’s most devoted followers was Jack Parsons, who in 1945-46 engaged in an occult ritual called “The Babylon Working” in the desert of California, all to open up a gateway to the new age (the movie Stargate is loosely based on it.) Parsons was also a brilliant Caltech rocket scientist, and JPL is called by some “Jack Parsons’ Laboratory” thanks to his influence. His partner in the sorcerer rites, future Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard, claims (with strong evidence to back it up) that he was working for Naval Intelligence at the time. Aldous Huxley, author of the dystopian Brave New World, was one of the great promoters of LSD through his work The Doors of Perception (which inspired the name of Jim Morrison’s band.) He also dabbled with the occult, and was involved with British intelligence as well. This connection between the establishment and the occult is hardly new: the American rebellion of 1776 and the US Constitution itself, after all, were led for the most part by high-level Freemasons and other secret society leaders, who envisioned the formation of a New World paradise in the Western hemisphere. Then there is the fact that the symbol for the Department of Defense itself, the Pentagon, has heavy occult value. Does all this prove there was a more benevolent motive behind the LSD craze of the sixties? No, but the smoking gun may come from LSD guru Timothy Leary. Leary (who some insist worked for the CIA as well) would claim he was asked to supply LSD to Mary Pinchot Meyer, who said she needed it for an operation she was working on for intelligence. According to Leary, Meyer claimed she was trying to change the consciousness of men with power. At the time, Meyer was a serious paramour of JFK. Soon after, Kennedy began planning to pull out of Vietnam and smash the CIA, both of which would’ve happened had he not been killed. There are some who insist that Leary’s story is a fantasy: if so, it has a double. An intriguing (though surprisingly uncirculated) rumor is that another female associate of Leary would, in the late eighties, travel to the USSR to guide Mikhail Gorbachev through acid trips and to a higher state. Soon after these visits, the Berlin Wall fell and the evil Soviet empire was demolished. Privately, this female associate has admitted the rumor is true, and adds she was working for American intelligence when she did this. While the acid trips may have less to do with the Soviet self-destruction than an unwise wasting of resources of bloated military budgets, if her claim is true, it would further confirm the entertaining stories spun by Leary didn’t originate in his mind after all. The idea that Meyer or Leary’s gal-pal were spies on a mission certainly makes sense: as Mata Hari (or Delilah, for that matter) prove, it’s long been know the best way to manipulate a man is with a very attractive woman. No less a figure in the New Age movement as Ms. Shirley MacLaine is alleged to have done this for the CIA, leaving a high-ranking Australian politician in a compromising position for purposes of blackmail. The usage of drugs is modus operandi as well: even the term “assassin” comes from “hashishin,” or “user of hashish”, as Islamic mystic Hassan-I Sabbah used the drug (and naturally, beautiful women) during his brainwashing of killers, a strategy later copied by Charles Manson. If even some of these rumors are true, then it is apparent that there may have been some benevolent motive behind the CIA’s promotion of LSD. True, the Mikkie establishment by and large backed it for less altruistic reasons, but within the agency, a cabal of spiritual occultists were supposedly bent on turning the world on into a better place, and LSD was the tool. But was it the only one? Ironically, the one group of people who have been most skeptical about the purposes of the internet are those who have most benefited from it, namely those who feel alienated from the establishment and believe their voice isn’t being heard. Among this disaffected group (who, for the first time, have been able to stay in constant contact with fellow non-conformists throughout the world), there is widespread belief that the web is an elitist plot itself. After all, what better way is there for authorities to monitor subversives and what they are thinking than letting them express their opinions out in the open? Further, the internet allows not only the ability to monitor misfits, but to confuse them and influence their beliefs through disinformation. Indeed, it is likely that many of the most successful and visible outlets of supposed “rebellious” ideas are nothing more than propaganda units, promoted and financed by the establishment they claim to be opposed to. Maybe so, and yet perhaps there is an even deeper hidden story behind the internet. Sometimes, events have a symbolic meeting far greater in value than those involved it ever quite realize. And sometimes, there are some involved with a project who know precisely what is going on. The landing on the moon, the slaughter at Helter Skelter, the Aquarian Festival at Woodstock, they all seem to be pointing to something, an event of planetary consequences, a birth of something that will revolutionize the vision of man. The World Wide Web certainly fits the bill. For all the cynicism that the information underground wallows in, there is no doubt that the internet has done more to promote their ideas and values than those of the status quo. In his later years, while certainly not stopping his personal consumption of psychedelics, Tim Leary insisted the true mind trip was through computers, the connections obtained with people you once would never meet, much less even dream of speaking to, and the ideas that would be gleaned from such connections. Meanwhile, Silicon Valley whiz-kid turned logic-oriented spiritualist Joe Firmage - who believes he had a paranormal experience with a “remarkable being clothed in brilliant white light” - has gushed in speeches about the internet creating the first true “planetary consciousness,” which is supposedly the final step before more developed worlds allowing mankind into the intergalactic fraternity that was once merely dreamed of in Star Trek. Starchild indeed. The World Wide Web, like the moon landing, occured in the summer of ‘69, a number with significant sexual connotation and implying a period of rebirth (perhaps explaining JFK’s determination in having the moon landing happen by the end of the decade.) According to bible researcher Robert Barber, an obsolete Greek letter - the digamma - represented ``six'' in the ancient Greek alphabet, and was pronounced “w” in English, making the term WWW mean 666. Add up the value of all the letters in “computer” (a equaling 1, z = 26) and times this by the number of man (six), you also receive 666. W also is the 23rd letter in the alphabet, a number which long has represented death and rebirth, and a trinity of these again equals 69. All of which begs a simple question: have all these spiritual movements that have been waiting for a single man to save the world or destroy it missed the point, that the deliverer will not be a man but one created in his image? Is the World Wide Web The Starchild that mankind has long awaited to free him from his spiritual chains? Or is it, like in The Terminator film series, the Beast of Armageddon, created to enslave humanity and bring it to its knees? Or perhaps, could it be both, depending on your viewpoint, a double-edged sword that is both master and servant, a tool that does to man on a macro level what LSD did on the micro level of the individual soul? Could, in fact, the web be merely the twin companion of LSD, the final key of a occultic project created to destroy the existing order and establish a new one? Sadly, though this theory is amusing, it is highly unlikely. After all, in order for it to be even remotely plausible, there would have to be some sort of connection between the institutions involved with the internet and LSD. Which, come to think of it, there is, as UCLA (home of MK-ULTRA superstar Louis “Jolly” West) and the Stanford Research Institute (heavily linked to Britain’s Tavistock Institute and home of many CIA parapsychology experiments at the time) were both heavily involved with the LSD experiments by all accounts. Curiously, the Labor Day weekend of 1969 came exactly a perfect seven weeks after the landing on the moon on July 20. Hmm... Creation and Destruction, Alpha and Omega, Angel and Demon, some would argue that they are both one and the same, depending on how one looks at it. The World Wide Web is a mirror world, which represents our visions and fears. Perhaps it is like the gate that Parsons and Hubbard were trying to open in 1946. What is on the other side depends on what we bring in with us, and it is our choice whether it be paradise or inferno. Choose wisely. Sources: Thanks to Wes Thomas, (Moderator of the Mind Control Forum <http://www.mk.net/~mcf> and former editor of Mondo 2000) for the extroardinary help on this article. DARPA Web Page http://www.arpa.mil "Origins of the Internet" http://www.isoc.org/internet-history/brief.html The CEO From Cyberspace Joel Achenbach, Washington Post, March 31, 1999 Conspirators' Hierarchy: The Story of the Committee of 300 Dr. John Coleman Virtual Government Alex Constantine “The Call to Chaos” James Shelby Downard, Apocalypse Culture (edited by Adam Parfrey) “Sorcery, Sex, Assassination” James Shelby Downard, Secret and Suppressed (edited by Jim Keith) 1961 Farewell Address Dwight D. Eisenhower Joe Firmage, speech before Los Angeles MUFON, April 1999 Adam Gorightly, interview with author The Occult Conspiracy Michael Howard Mind Control, World Control Jim Keith Acid Dreams: The CIA, LSD, and the Sixties Rebellion Martin Lee and Bruce Shalin The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence Victor Marchetti and John D. Marks The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate:" The CIA and Mind Control John D. Marks Ru Mills, various internet posts and interview with author The Big Book of Conspiracy Doug Moench It's a Conspiracy! The National Insecurity Council THE SATANIC ROOTS OF ROCK Donald Phau The Celestine Prophecy James Redfield Mind Control, Oswald & JFK: Were We Controlled? Kenn Thomas and Lincoln Lawrence Conspiracies, Coverups and Crime Jonathan Vankin The 70 Greatest Conspiracies of All Time Jonathan Vankin and John Whalen "The Trip: Cary Grant on acid, and other stories from the LSD Studies of Dr. Oscar Janiger" John Whalen, L.A. Weekly 1998 "UCLA Computer Experts Sparked Birth of Internet" Jaime Wilson-Chiru, UCLA Daily Bruin January 15, 1999
