-Caveat Lector-
>warfare was waged against the Standard in the courts and Legislature,
>resulting in several volumes of testimony. The Legislatures of many
>other states concerned themselves with it. This hostile legislation
>compelled the trust to separate into its component parts in 1892, but
>investigation did not cease; indeed, in the last great industrial
>inquiry, conducted by the Commission appointed by President McKinley--
After which --just a coincidence?-- McKinley was assassinated by a
"Polish-American anarchist," Leon Czolgosz.
The President's gunshot wounds "were not properly tended to" --how odd-- so
he actually died of gangrene a week later.
Cui bono?
Thanks to McKinley's death, faux-cowboy imperialist Teddy Roosevelt became
the youngest president in the nation's history (at the time) -- and the
plutocrats, now set free from anti-monopoly legislation, redoubled their
efforts to rule of the United States politically through ownership and
control of its economy (mirroring the oligarchic "Society of the Elect" of
the British Empire, partner of the Anglophile faction, but competitor of the
Rockefeller faction).
Same year, 1901:
"Financiers Edward H. Harriman, Jacob Schiff of Kuhn, Loeb & Co, and
James Stillman of New York's National City Bank vie for control of the
railroads [brokered] by J. P. Morgan ... Stillman's City Bank is the
repository of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Co. money ...
"US Steel is created by [Rothschild agent] J. P. Morgan, who
underwrites a successful public offering of stock in the world's first $1
billion corporation, nets millions for himself for a few weeks' work, and
pays $492 million to Andrew Carnegie for about $80 million in real assets ...
Carnegie personally receives $225 million in 5 percent gold bonds and is
congratulated on being 'the richest man in the world' by Morgan, who merges
Carnegie's properties to create a company that controls 65 percent of US
steel-making capacity
"The Spindletop [oil] gusher in Beaumont, Texas, gives John D.
Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust its first major competition. The Beaumont
Field contains more oil than the rest of the United States combined ... The
Gulf Oil Co. has its beginnings as
[the investors] get backing from [Anglophile] banker Andrew W. Mellon ...
"More than half the world's oil output is from Russia's Baku fields
developed by Ludwig Nobel, brother of dynamite inventor Alfred Nobel, and by
Rothschild interests ...[However], the world's major supplier of petroleum is
[still] the United States, which will produce as much as two-thirds of the
world's export oil for 20 years...
1902:
"'History of the Standard Oil Company' by Ida Minerva Tarbell appears in
McClure's magazine installments, revealing that John D. Rockefeller controls
90 percent of US oil-refining capacity ... US Steel Co. has two-thirds of US
steelmaking capacity. Only public opinion and a sense of noblesse oblige
restrain its near-monopoly ...
Now, let's go back even further, to the context of the Anti-Trust Act in the
1890s.
Get a sense of the times. Times no unlike our own, or the near future ...
1892
Economic depression begins in the United States, but the country has
4000 millionaires, up from fewer than 20 in 1840.
Democrats campaign on a platform opposing the McKinley Tariff Act of
1890 and re-elect Grover Cleveland ... Cleveland wins 46 percent of the
popular vote, [his opponent 43 percent], the Populist candidate 22 percent.
Steel workers strike the Carnegie mill and are refused a union contract
by managing head Henry Cl;ay Frick who calls in Pinkerton guards to suppress
the strike. Men are shot on both sides ... Union organizers are dismissed and
the men go back to working their 12-hour shifts ...
"American workmen are subjected to peril of life and limb as great as
a soldier in time of war," says [losing candidate, former] President Harrison.
The Populist party polls more than a million votes in the US
presidential election as farmers register their protest against the railroads
and farm machine makers.
A presidential proclamation opens some 3 million acres of former
[Indian] lands in Oklahoma to settlement.
Shell Oil has its beginnings as English enterpreneur [and Rothschild
associate] Marcus Samuel, 57, sends his first tanker through the Suez Canal
... to break the Standard Oil monopoly in the Far East.
1893
Economic depression continues in America as European investors
withdraw funds ... Wall Street stock prices take a sudden drop May 5, the
market collapses June 27 ... [The] depression ... will continue for 4 more
years.
The Pullman Palace Car Co reduces wages by one-fourth, obliging
workers to labor for almost nothing while charging them full rents in company
housing ... and charging them inflated prices at company stores.
The American Railway Union is founded by socialist Eugene Victor
Debs ...
Britain's Labour party is founded by socialists ...
Kelly's Industrial Army marches on Washington DC, 1500 strong, to
demand relief which is not forthcoming from Congress ...
Anti-Semitism mounts in France as Jews are blamed for the collapse
in 1889 of the Panama Canal Co., whose bankruptcy has cost many French
investors their [fortunes]. An international group of dubious characters
controlled the company [and] many of its stockholders were Jewish ...
1894
The Dreyfus case adds to the growing anti-Semitism in France ....
Viennese journalist Theodore Herzl covers the Dreyfus trial and hears the
Paris mob cry, "Death to the Jews!" [Herzl] lays the foundations for
political Zionism ...
Britain's fourth [non-Labour] ministry ends [but] the Liberal's
retain power with [Lord Rothschild's son-in-law] Archibald Philip Primrose,
46, earl of Rosebery, as prime minister.
Some 750,000 US workers strike during the year for higher wages and
shorter hours ... Strikes cripple US railroads as economic depression
continues.
Coxey's Army arrives at Washington DC ... after a 36-day march of
unemployed workers. The marchers demand that public works be started to
provide employment ... Coxey is arrested for walking on the grass.
Pullman Palace Car workers strike to protest wage cuts and a general
strike of western railways begins as Eugene Debs orders his railway workers
to boycott Pullman. US troops enter Chicago to enforce federal laws ... A
federal grand jury indicts Debs for interfering with ... interstate commerce.
The Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act ... becomes law ... [It] includes an
income tax on incomes above $4000 per year. New York [corporate] lawyer
Joseph H. Choate, 62, calls the 2 percent tax "communistic, socialistic."
Nonfiction: "Wealth Against Commonwealth," a study of John D.
Rockefeller's Standard Oil Co. by Henry Demarest Lloyd, who defends Euge V.
Debs in legal battles arising out of the Pullman strike.
US sells wheat at 49c per bushel, down from $1,05 in 1870. Prairie
schooners headed back east have canvas covers painted with the words, "In God
we trusted, in Kansas we busted."
A study of children in London's [industrial] district shows that 83
percent receive no solid food besides bread in 17 out of 21 meals per week.
Scurvy, rickets and tuberculosis are widespread ... in many British and
European industrial centers.
Congress creates a Bureau of Immigration ... An Immigration
Restriction League formed by a group of Bostonians campaigns for a literacy
test that will screen out uneducated undesirables. It directs its efforts
against Asiatics, Latins, and Slavs.
1895
Britain's Tories regain power ... a third ["Society of the Elect"
member Robert Cecil, Lord] Salisbury begins [and] will continue until 1902
... The name Rhodesia is given to the territory of the [British] South Africa
Company ... to honor the prime minister of the Cape Colony, Cecil Rhodes ...
US treasury gold reserves fall to $41 million as economic
depression continues, but the New York banking houses of [Rothschild agents]
J. P. Morgan and August Belmont join forces to loan the Treasury $65 million
in gold -- to be paid for at a stiff price in government bonds.
The Supreme Court emasculates the 1890 Sherman Anti-Trust Act ...
The Supreme Court rules that the [2% income tax provision on
incomes above $4000] was unconstitutional
America the Beautiful,' by Wellesley College English professor
Katharine Lee Bates, will be set to music [and] become an unofficial national
anthem ..."
--"The People's Chronology," edited by James Trager, 1992, Henry Holt & Co
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