-Caveat Lector-
an excerpt from:
The Great Heroin Coup - Drugs, Intelligence, & International Fascism
Henrik Kruger
Jerry Meldon, Translator
South End Press©1980
Box 68 Astor Station
Boston, MA 02123
ISBN 0-89608-0319-5
240pps - one edition - out-of-print
Orginally published in Danish
Smukke Serge og Heroien
Bogan 1976
--[1b]--
NOTES
1. Le Monde, 17-18 June, 1973, pp. 11-12.
2. Edward J. Epstein, Agency of Fear: Opiates and Political Power in America
(New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1977), p. 299.
3. Epstein, p. 252.
4. Epstein, p. 86.
5. Epstein, p. 86; Eliot Marshall, "Heroin: the Source of Supply," New
Republic, 24-31 July, 1971, p. 24; cf. Peter Dale Scott, The War Conspiracy
(New York: Bobbs Merrill, 1972), p. 212.
6. Le Monde, 17-18 June, 1973, p. 11.
7. Newsday, The Heroin Trail (New York: New American Library, 1974), p. 124.
8. Heroin Trail, p. 108.
9. Heroin Trail, p. 110.
10. Phillip M. Williams, Wars, Plots and Scandals in Post-War France
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), p. 115.
11. Williams, pp. 118-19.
12. Heroin Trail, p. 155.
13. Alain Jaubert, Dossier D... Comme Drogue (Paris: Alain Moreau, 1973), pp.
302-03, 352.
14. A.J. Langguth, Hidden Terrors (New York: Pantheon, 1978), p. 251.
15. Of the U.S. Treasure Department's list of 710 key illicit arms dealers,
in 1977, 108 were drug smugglers, 24 percent of them Class I (U.S. Congress,
Senate, Committee on Government Operations, Illicit Traffic in Weapons and
Drugs Across the United States-Mexican Border, Hearing, 95th Congress, 1st
Session, 12 January 1977, p. 31; cited hereafter as Bensinger Hearing).
16. George Thayer, The War Business (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1969), p.
43.
17. New York Times, 21 April 1975, pp. 1, 26.
18. Evert Clark and Nicholas Horrock, Contrabandista (New York: Praeger,
1973), p. 215.
19. Bensinger Hearing, pp. 9, 11.
20. Bensinger Hearing, p. 16.
21. Spiegel, 9 May, 1977, pp. 136-137, 148.
22. Bensinger Hearing, pp. 10, 14. Indeed, the Los Angeles Times, expanding
on Bensinger's description of Sicilia as a "Cuban national," noted "reports
that the subcommittee is trying to determine whether Cuba and the Soviet
Union are involved in smuggling firearms into Mexico and narcotics into the
United States" (13 January, 1977, 11, 6).
23. Bensinger Hearing, pp. 42-44.
24. Interview of Gerry Patrick Hemming, Argosy (April 1976), p. 52; Jim
Hougan, Spooks: The Haunting of America — The Private Use of Secret Agents
(New York: William Morrow, 1978), p. 46. Anselmo Alliegro Senior was also a
member of the shadowy Ansan investment group in Miami, suspected by a 1948
IRS report of being a front for Luciano funds (Steve Weissman ed., Big
Brother and the Holding Company, Palo Alto, Ramparts Press, 1974, pp. 124,
259-60).
25. Hougan, pp. 46, 15ss.; Hank Messick, Of Grass and Snow: The Secret
Criminal Elite (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1979), pp. 81-83.
26. Messick, p. 83.
27. Frederic Laurent, LOrchestre Noir (Paris: Stock, 1978), p. 366.
28. Laurent, pp. 362-63.
29. Laurent, pp. 311, 363.
30. Laurent, p. 401; Wilfred Burchett and Derek Roebuck, The Whores of War:
Mercenaries Today (Harmondsworth, Middlesex and New York: Penguin, 1977), p.
155.
31. Reuter, 31 October 1976, quoted in Burchett, p. 156.
32. Le Monde, 18 May 1977, quoted in Laurent, pp. 398-99.
33. LExpress, 21 February 1977; cf. Laurent, pp. 365-66, 400.
34. New York Times, I February 1977, p. 8.
35. Saul Landau, They Educated the Crows: An Institute Report on the
Letelier-Moffitt Murders (Washington: Transnational Institute, 1978), pp.
28-29.
36. Landau, pp. 4-13.
37. Donald Freed, with Dr. Fred Simon Landis, Death in Washington: the Murder
of Orlando Letelier (Westport: Lawrence Hill and Associates, 1980) 38.
Laurent, pp. 137, 312. Since the writing of this preface, a new book has
identified Delle Chiaie as a key figure in the Leighton shootings; and adds
that his group had informal ties to Italy's intelligence apparatus: John
Dinges and Saul Landau, Assassination on Embassy Row (New York: Pantheon,
1980), pp. 117n, 196.
39. U.S. Congress, Senate, Select Committee to Study Government Operations
with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Intelligence Activities: Senate
Resolution 21, Hearings, 94th Congress, 1st Session, Volume 7, p. 171;
Laurent, p. 312.
40. New Times, 13 May, 1977, p. 48; Landau, p. 27. 41. New Times, p. 48.
42. Landau, p. 27.
43. New Times, p. 51.
44. Ironically, Ignacio Novo's conviction for perjury derived from having
suggested the same flagrant falsehood ("Maybe the communists did it to create
problems") to the Washington Grand Jury.
45. Landau, p. 33
46. Dinges and Landau, pp. 242, 379; William Schapp, "Throwing a Case: The
Trial of Armando Lopez Estrada," Covert Action Information Bulletin, (July
1978), pp. 8-14.
47. Le Monde, I April, 1975; Laurent, pp. 291, 307.
48. Alfred McCoy, The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia (New York: Harper
and Row, 1972), pp. 380-83; Jonathan Marshall, "Opium and the Politics of
Gangsterism in Nationalist China, 1927-1945," Bulletin of Concerned Asian
Scholars (July-September 1976), pp. 19-48.
49. Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman, The Washington Connection (Boston:
South End Press, 1979), p. 227. The Thai Border Police were supported in the
1950s by a Miami-based CIA proprietary, Sea Supply Inc., headed by Paul
Helliwell (cf. footnote 64 below.)
50. Hougan, pp. 198-99.
51. Hougan, p. 197.
52. New Times, p. 51; Miami News, 27 July 1977. "Pinochet [chief of the
Chilean junta] turned over to the United States drug enforcement
administration a planeload of cocaine dealers rounded up after the coup.
Their drug dealing could be blamed on Allende's ousted government. Then
Pinochet's right-hand man, Contreras, could set up his own men with DINA
protection in the same cocaine factories and shipping points. The anti-Castro
Cubans had a piece of the action. The enormous profits went to supplement
DINA's clandestine budget. The Cubans' share went into individual pockets and
to the anti-Castro cause." (Dinges and Landau, p. 264n.).
53. Rodney Campbell, The Luciano Project: The Secret Wartime Collaboration of
the Mafia and the U.S. Navy (New York: McGraw Hill, 1977), p. 176.
54. Marshall, p. 42; Richard Harris Smith, OSS: The Secret History of
America's First Central Intelligency Agency (Berkeley: University of
California Press), p. 245; Milton Miles, A Different Kind of War (New York:
Doubleday, 1967), p. 508.
55. Roberto Faenza and Marco Fini, Gli Americani in Italia (Milan:
Feltrinelli, 1976), pp. 13, 138; David C. Martin, Wilderness of Mirrors (New
York: Harper and Row, 1980), p. 18.
56. Gaia Servadio, Mafioso: A History of the Mafia from Its Origins to the
Present Day (New York: Dell, 1976), pp. 72, 108; Le Monde, 17-18 June 1973,
P. 11.
57. Servadio, pp. 125-28; Miles Copeland, Beyond Cloak and Dagger: Inside the
CIA (New York: Pinnacle Books, 1975), p. 240. The bandit Giuliano who was
responsible for the 1947 May Day massacre is said to have received "aid and
support from former OSS members (who in the past had furnished him with the
arms of the division of [Polish General] Anders), and, it appears. of OSS
Chief William Donovan personally" (Faenza, p. 138, citing a conversation with
OSS veteran Earl Brennan).
58. Ross Y. Koen, The China Lobby in American Politics (New York; Macmillan,
1960), p. ix; cf. Scott, War Conspiracy, pp. 203-04.
59. The effect of White's testimony was to suggest that OSS had rejected the
proposal, or, as Smith (a CIA veteran) put it (p. 86), "OSS remained aloof,
partly at the insistence of Major George White." But the lawyers implicated
by White denied his charges altogether. "Three years afterward, when [New
York State Commissioner of Investigation] Herlands questioned White under
oath about this charge, White did not produce any kind of corroboration"
(Campbell, p. 278).
60. John Marks, The Search for the Manchurian Candidate: The CIA and Mind
Control (New York: Times Books, 1979), p. 89.
61. George White letter to Harry Anslinger, 10 June 1948, George White
papers, Foothill College, Los Altos, Cal.; Servadio, p. 102. The AMGOT
recruiter of Vito Genovese and other mafia figures was Charles Poletti,
described by Lucky Luciano as "one of our good friends" (Servadio, p. 88).
Poletti, a Democratic politician under Roosevelt and law partner of his son,
went on to be an overseer of Harvard University."
62. Allan Francovich and Howard Dratch, "On Company Business" (Filmed for
television) KQED, 16 May 1980. Sakwa's statement lends credibility to a
French report that in 1952 Brown attended a Bordeaux meeting with Antoine
Guerini (the chief Corsican mafia contact of Ferri-Pisani), and Jo Cesari
(the Marseilles chemist supplying Luciano with heroin), before Brown moved on
to contact mafia personnel in Italy (Jaubert, p. 46n).
63. Will Oursler and L.D. Smith, Narcotics: America's Peril (Garden City,
N.Y.: Doubleday, 1952), p. 87.
64. Scott, p. 211; McCoy, p. 130; As head of OSS S1 Branch in Kunming, China,
Helliwell used to pay for intelligence with opium (Wall Street Journal, 18
April 1980). cf. footnote 49.
65. San Francisco Chronicle, 15 January 1959, pp. 1, 4. 66. New York Times,
15 January 1959, p. 4.
67. Susanne Jonas and David Tobis (eds.) Guatemala (Berkeley: NACLA, 1974),
pp. 63, 67, 71.
68. Peter Dale Scott, Crime and Cover-Up: The CIA, the Mafia, and the
Dallas-Watergate Connection (Berkeley: Westworks, 1977), p. 16.
69. New York Times, 4 January 1975, p. 9.
70. Heroin Trail, p. 169.
71. Hougan, pp. 195-196.
72. London Observer, 7 December 1969; Laurent, pp. 11, 217-43.
73. Kirkpatrick Sale, Power Shift (New York: Random House, 1975), p. 205. 74.
Messick, p. 179.
75. Richard Nixon, Memoirs (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1978), pp. 643-44.
76. Epstein, pp. 235-38, 309-10.
77. Epstein, p. 241.
78. Jonathan Marshall, "The White House Death Squad," Inquiry, 5 March, 1979,
p. 15.
79. Hougan, p. 199; Washington Post, 13 June 1976, C5. Nixon's own ambassador
to Costa Rica, Viron Vaky, was aware of Carlos Hernandez Rumbaut's activities
and in 1973 ordered DEA to have no more to do with him. But DEA disregarded
Vaky's order.
80. U.S.-Congress, Senate, Committee on Government Operations, Federal Drug
Enforcement, Hearings, 94th Cong., 1st Session, pp. 10-11, cf. pp. 26, 70,251.
81. U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Government Operations, Staff Study of
the Frank Peroff Case, 94th Congress, 1st Session, p. 198.
82. Fred Strasser and Brian McTigue, "The Fall River Conspiracy," Boston
(November 1978), pp. 124, 180, 182.
83. Peter Dale Scott, Paul L. Hoch, Russell Statler, and Josiah Thompson,
Beyond Conspiracy: The Hidden Dimensions of the John F. Kennedy Assassination
(Berkeley: Westworks, 1980), cc. 12-14.
84. Hougan, pp. 205-06; U.S. Congress House Committee on Judiciary,
Impeachment Hearings, Statement of Information, (Washington: G.P.O., 1974),
Book VII, p. 602. Michael Oliver, the American adventurer behind the New
Hebrides "free zone" secession movement of June 1980, had collaborated in an
earlier WerBell project for an independent Abaco in the Bahamas, and is said
to have inspired, with Allen, Vesco's Costa Rica project. (Hougan, Spooks,
pp. 96-98, 206-07). According to the Wall Street Journal (14 July 1980),
Vesco himself had been interested in the Azores in 1972-3 and, through his
attorney, Howard Cerny, hired Allen to explore the financial prospects there.
In the same period, Allen was a paid consultant to both the Vesco
organization and the Nixon White House. Moreover, while still Nixon's deputy
assistant for international economic affairs, Allen flew across the Atlantic
with Vesco, in Vesco's private plane.
pps. 1-26
--[cont]--
Aloha, He'Ping,
Om, Shalom, Salaam.
Em Hotep, Peace Be,
Omnia Bona Bonis,
All My Relations.
Adieu, Adios, Aloha.
Amen.
Roads End
Kris
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