-Caveat Lector-

Muslim warns of Moscow war
Mark Franchetti Moscow

WITH a bloody wave of terrorist bombings adding immeasurably to President
Boris Yeltsin's political woes, a Muslim rebel leader has for the first time
confirmed a link between one of the explosions in Moscow and Islamic
separatists fighting the Russian army in Dagestan.
Shamil Basayev, a veteran of the separatist war in Chechnya, has said
comrades in arms from neighbouring Dagestan planted the first bomb that
exploded in a shopping mall behind Red Square on August 31, killing one
person and injuring 40.

Since then nearly 300 people have died in four other bombings that have
provoked fear and panic in the capital and plunged the country into the most
menacing turmoil it has faced in the chaotic decade since communism's demise.

On Friday, Moscow police named a Chechen, Achimes Gochiyayev, 29, as the head
of the group responsible for the bombings. He is said to have rented space in
the two blocks of flats bombed.

To victims of the carnage it may no longer matter who was to blame. "I cannot
describe the horror of it," said a Russian rescue worker fighting back tears
at the scene of a blast on Monday in which 116 people, including several
children, were killed in their sleep.

To Kremlin leaders struggling for survival in the run-up to elections,
however, the arrest of suspects has become as much of a political imperative
as winning the war in Dagestan, where a rebel army led by Chechen guerrillas
is fighting the Russian army.

"These explosions will go on," Basayev is quoted as saying in Prague's Lidove
Noviny, "because [Dagestani] people who had their relatives, mothers and
children killed for nothing will kill out of revenge."

His chilling warning coincided with reports from Dagestan that 1,500 rebels
were massing for another attack on Russian forces this weekend, contradicting
Moscow's much-trumpeted assurances that the "terrorists" were all but
defeated. Yesterday the Russian air force pounded rebel positions inside
Chechnya. An unconfirmed report said Russian motorised units had crossed into
the breakaway republic, the first such incursion into Chechnya since 1996.

The crisis, which threatens to embroil Russia's generals in a campaign as
punishing as the ill-fated one in Chechnya in 1995, has revived widespread
doubts about Yeltsin's fitness to govern, prompting rumours that he may soon
resign - or offer a job to Alexander Lebed, the hulking former paratrooper
turned politician whose mediation in the previous conflict is widely credited
with having ended the bloodshed there.

With parliamentary elections scheduled for December and the presidential
election in June, Yuri Luzhkov, the ambitious mayor of Moscow, and Vladimir
Putin, the latest in a long line of Russian prime ministers as Moscow has
reeled from one crisis to another, have staked their political futures on
solving the crisis. Yet in a city renowned for its love of conspiracy
theories, they have struggled to reassure the public. Most Russians believe
that the terror campaign is linked to Russia's long-running problems in the
Caucasus region, the people of which are routinely blamed for the crime and
chaos in Moscow. The three prime suspects named by Russian police are all of
Muslim extraction.

With Basayev's guerrillas - some of them linked to former Afghan rebels who
humiliated the Soviet Red Army into retreating from Kabul - seeking to merge
the Russian republics of Dagestan and neighbouring Chechnya into an
independent Islamic state, Russian security forces had warned that rebels
might bring their war to Moscow. Yet when the bombing began, it was wildly
rumoured that Russian security forces might somehow be to blame. According to
one unlikely theory, a power-crazed Yeltsin was eager for any pretext to
impose a state of emergency and cancel elections.

Basayev, a bearded Chechen warlord who is co-ordinating rebel operations in
Dagestan, may have put such speculation to rest. He has long been a thorn in
the side of the Kremlin, inspiring terror among the Russian troops routed in
Chechnya. He famously humiliated Moscow by taking 1,200 hostages in southern
Russia at the height of the Chechen war. Now he is fighting in Dagestan.

Alongside him is Khattab, an Arab militant famed for a devastating mountain
ambush he executed against a Russian military convoy in Chechnya in 1996. He
takes no prisoners: more than 100 soldiers were killed, and video tapes of
the attack were later sold in the markets of Grozny, the Chechen capital.

Known as the "Black Arab", Khattab is widely suspected of having links with
Osama Bin Laden, the Saudi dissident financier blamed for last year's
bombings of American embassies in Africa. Russian intelligence sources
suspect the hand of Bin Laden in the Dagestani rebel campaign and believe he
may have helped to fund secret terrorist training camps in Chechnya.

Khattab has denied responsibility for the blasts. But Basayev seemed eager to
implicate his Dagestani associates, saying the bombings were carried out in
revenge for Russian air raids on Dagestani villages. "What is the
difference," he said, "between someone letting a bomb go off in the centre of
Moscow and injuring 10 to 20 children and the Russians dropping bombs from
their aircraft over the Dagestani village of Karamachi and killing 10 to 20
children?"

The blasts have provoked deep insecurity among urban Russians. Some residents
are sleeping in their cars for fear of being blown up in their beds. In
apartment blocks, civil defence groups take turns to patrol stairwells and
entrances round the clock. Graffiti urging citizens to "kill the blacks" -
the Russian term for olive-skinned people from the Caucasus - have appeared
in metro stations. Anatoli Tyazholov, the governor of the Moscow region
surrounding the capital, has called for people from the Caucasus lacking
proper registration papers to be rounded up in camps.

None of it is any consolation to the victims - or the survivors. Semion
Konyukhov's tragedy was the fate that spared him: he says he should have been
killed at 5.30am on Monday, when the eight-storey building in which he lived
was ripped apart by a powerful explosion. But in a gesture that will haunt
him forever, he had swapped flats with Olga, his newly married daughter, to
give her more room for her baby. She, her husband and Liza, the child, were
killed, while Konyukhov survived.

Such was the power of the blast, believed to have been caused by about 200kg
of plastic explosives stored in a first- floor flat, Liza's little body was
found 200 metres away from the building, lying in a children's sandpit where
Konyukhov used to play with her every afternoon. Her parents were crushed in
their bed.

Such carnage has become disturbingly common for Moscow's residents: if
Basayev's comments are a true indication of rebel intentions, the nightmare
seems set to continue.

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