-Caveat Lector-

Dave Hartley
http://www.Asheville-Computer.com/ncf
http://www.ioa.com/~davehart
http://www.Asheville-Computer.com
=====================================

http://www.comnet.ca/~tzinck/
and
http://www.comnet.ca/~tzinck/leader~1.htm
LEADERLESS RESISTANCE
(spell checked)


The concept of Leaderless Resistance was proposed by Col. Ulius Louis Amoss,
who was the founder of International Service of Information Incorporated,
located in Baltimore, Maryland. Col. Amoss died more than fifteen years ago,
but during his life was a tireless opponent of communism, as well as a
skilled Intelligence Officer. Col. Amoss first wrote of Leaderless
Resistance on April 17, 1962. His theories of organization were primarily
directed against the threat of eventual Communist take-over in the United
States. The present writer, with the benefit of having lived many years
beyond Col. Amoss, has taken his theories and expounded upon them. Col.
Amoss feared the Communists. This author fears the federal government.
Communism now represents a threat to no one in the United States, while
federal tyranny represents a threat to everyone .The writer has joyfully
lived long enough to see the dying breaths of communism, but may, unhappily,
remain long enough to see the last grasps of freedom in America.

In the hope that, somehow, America can still produce the brave  sons and
daughters necessary to fight off ever increasing persecution and oppression,
this essay is offered. Frankly, it is too close to call at this point. Those
who love liberty, and believe in freedom enough to fight for it are rare
today, but within the bosom of every once great nation, there remains
secreted, the pearls of former greatness. They are there. I have looked into
their sparking eyes; sharing a brief moment in time with them as I passed
through this life. Relished their friendship, endured their pain, and they
mine. We are a band of brothers, native to the soil gaining strength one
from another as we have rushed head long into a battle that all the weaker,
timid men, say we can not win. Perhaps...but then again, perhaps we can.
It's not over till the last freedom fighter is buried or imprisoned, or the
same happens to those who would destroy their freedom.
Barring any cataclysmic events, the struggle will yet go on for years. The
passage of time will make it clear to even the more slow among us that the
government is the foremost threat to the life, and liberty of the folk. The
government will no doubt make today's oppressiveness look like grade school
work compared to what they have planned in the future. Meanwhile, there are
those of us who continue to hope that somehow the few can do what the many
have not. We are cognizant that before things get better they will certainly
get worse as government shows a willingness to use ever more severe police
state measures against dissidents. This changing situation makes it clear
that those who oppose state repression must be prepared to alter, adapt, and
modify their behavior, strategy, and tactics as circumstances warrant.
Failure to consider new methods and implement them as necessary will make
the government's efforts at suppression uncomplicated. It is the duty of
every patriot to make the tyrant's life miserable. When one fails to do so
he not only fails himself, but his people.

With this in mind, current methods of resistance to tyranny employed by
those who love our freedom, culture and heritage must pass a litmus test of
soundness. Methods must be objectively measured as to their effectiveness,
as well as to whether they make the government's intention of repression
more possible or more difficult. Those not working to aid our objectives
must be discarded or the government benefits from our failure to do so.

As honest men who have banded together into groups or associations of a
political or religious nature are falsely labeled "domestic terrorists" or
"cultists" and suppressed, it will become necessary to consider other
methods of organization--or as the case may very well call for:
non-organization. One should keep in mind that it is not in the government's
interest to eliminate all groups. Some few must remain in order to
perpetuate the smoke and mirrors vision for the masses that America is a
"free democratic country" where dissent is allowed. Most organizations,
however, that possess the potential for effective resistance will not
bellowed to continue. Anyone who is so naive as to believe the most powerful
government on earth will not crush any who pose a real threat to that power,
should not be active, but rather, at home studying political history.

The question as to who is to be left alone and who is not, will be answered
by how groups and individuals deal with several factors such as: avoidance
of conspiracy plots, rejection of feeble minded malcontents, insistence upon
quality of the participants, avoidance of all contact with the front men for
the federals--the news media--and, finally, camouflage (which can be defined
as the ability to blend in the public's eye the more committed groups of
resistance with mainstream "kosher" associations that are generally seen as
harmless.) Primarily though, whether any organization is allowed to continue
in the future will be a matter of how big a threat a group represents. Not a
threat in terms of armed might or political ability, for there is none of
either for the present, but rather, threat in terms of potentiality. It is
potential the federals fear most. Whether that potential exists in an
individual or group is incidental. The federals measure potential threat in
terms of what might happen given a situation conducive to action on the part
of a restive organization or individual. Accurate intelligence gathering
allows them to assess the potential. Showing one's hand before the bets are
made, is a sure way to loose.

The movement for freedom is rapidly approaching the point where for many
people, the option of belonging to a group will be nonexistent. For others,
group membership will be a viable option for only the immediate future.
Eventually, and perhaps much sooner than most believe possible, the price
paid for membership will exceed any perceived benefit. But for now, some of
the groups that do exist often serve a useful purpose either for the
newcomer who can be indoctrinated into the ideology of the struggle, or for
generating positive propaganda to reach potential freedom fighters. It is
sure that, for the most part, this struggle is rapidly becoming a matter of
individual action, each of its participants making a private decision in the
quietness of his heart to resist: to resist by any means necessary. It is
hard to know what others will do, for no man truly knows another man's
heart. It is enough to know what one himself will do. A great teacher once
said "know thyself." Few men really do, but let each of us, promise
ourselves, not to go quietly to the fate our would-be masters have planned.

The concept of Leaderless Resistance is nothing less than a fundamental
departure in theories of organization. The orthodox scheme of organization
is diagrammatically represented by the pyramid, with the mass at the bottom
and the leader at the top. This fundamental of organization is to be seen
not only in armies, which are of course, the best illustration of the
pyramid structure, with the mass of soldiery, the privates, at the bottom
responsible to corporals who are in turn responsible to sergeants, and so on
up the entire chain of command to the generals at the top. But the same
structure is seen in corporations, ladies' garden clubs and in our political
system itself. This orthodox "pyramid" scheme of organization is to be seen
basically in all existing political, social and religious structures in the
world today from the Federal government to the Roman Catholic Church. The
Constitution of the United States, in the wisdom of the Founders, tried to
sublimate the essential dictatorial nature of pyramidal organization by
dividing authority into three: executive, legislative and judicial. But the
pyramid remains essentially untouched.

This scheme of organization, the pyramid, is however, not only useless, but
extremely dangerous for the participants when it is utilized in a resistance
movement against state tyranny. Especially is this so in technologically
advanced societies where electronic surveillance can often penetrate the
structure revealing its chain of command. Experience has revealed over and
over again that anti-state, political organizations utilizing this method of
command and control are easy prey for government infiltration, entrapment,
and destruction of the personnel involved. This has been seen repeatedly in
the United States where pro-government infiltrators or agent provocateurs
weasel their way into patriotic groups and destroy them from within.
In the pyramid type of organization, an infiltrator can destroy anything
which is beneath his level of infiltration and often those above him as
well. If the traitor has infiltrated at the top, then the entire
organization from the top down is compromised and may be traduced at will.

An alternative to the pyramid type of organization is the cell system. In
the past, many political groups (both right and left) have used the cell
system to further their objectives. Two examples will suffice. During the
American Revolution" committees of correspondence" were formed throughout
the Thirteen colonies.

Their purpose was to subvert the government and thereby aid the cause of
independence. The "Sons of Liberty", who made a name for themselves dumping
government taxed tea into the harbor at Boston, were the action arm of the
committees of correspondence. Each committee was a secret cell that operated
totally independently of the other cells. Information on the government was
passed from committee to committee, from colony to colony, and then acted
upon on a local basis. Yet even in these bygone days of poor communication,
of weeks to months for a letter to be delivered, the committees without any
central direction whatsoever, were remarkable similar in tactics employed to
resist government tyranny. It was, as the first American patriots knew,
totally unnecessary for anyone to give an order for anything. Information
was made available to each committee, and each committee acted as it saw
fit. A recent example of the cell system taken from the left wing of
politics are the Communists. The Communist, in order to get around the
obvious problems involved in pyramidal organization, developed to an art the
cell system. They had numerous independent cells which operated completely
isolated from one another and particularly with no knowledge of each other,
but were orchestrated together by a central headquarters. For instance,
during World War II, in Washington, it is known that there were at least six
secret Communist cells operating at high levels in the United States
government (plus all the open Communists who were protected and promoted by
President Roosevelt), however, only one of the cells was rooted out and
destroyed. How many more actually were operating no one can say for sure.

The Communist cells which operated in the U.S until late 1991 under Soviet
control could have at their command a leader, who held a social position
which appeared to be very lowly. He could be, for example, a busboy in a
restaurant, but in reality a colonel or a general in the Soviet Secret
Service, the KGB. Under him could be a number of cells and a person active
in one cell would almost never have knowledge of individuals who are active
in another cell. The value of this is that while any one cell can be
infiltrated, exposed or destroyed, such action will have no effect on the
other cells; in fact, the members of the other cells will be supporting that
cell which is under attack and ordinarily would lend very strong support to
it in many ways. This is at least part of the reason, no doubt, that
whenever in the past Communists were attacked in this country, support for
them sprang up in many unexpected places.

The efficient and effective operation of a cell system after the Communist
model, is of course, dependent upon central direction, which means
impressive organization, funding from the top, and outside support, all of
which the Communists had. Obviously, American patriots have none of these
things at the top or anywhere else, and so an effective cell organization
based upon the Soviet system of operation is impossible.

Two things become clear from the above discussion. First, that the pyramid
type of organization can be penetrated quite easily and it thus is not a
sound method of organization in situations where the government has the
resources and desire to penetrate the structure; which is the situation in
this country. Secondly, that the normal qualifications for the cell
structure based upon the Red model does not exist in the U.S. for patriots.
This understood, the question arises "What method is left for those
resisting state tyranny?" The answer comes from Col.Amoss who proposed the
"Phantom Cell" mode of organization. Which he described as Leaderless
Resistance. A system of organization that is based upon the cell
organization, but does not have any central control or direction, that is in
fact almost identical to the methods used by the Committees of
Correspondence during the American Revolution. Utilizing the Leaderless
Resistance concept, all individuals and groups operate independently of each
other, and never report to a central headquarters or single leader for
direction or instruction, as would those who belong to a typical pyramid
organization.

At first glance, such a type of organization seems unrealistic, primarily
because there appears to be no organization. The natural question thus
arises as to how are the" Phantom cells" and individuals to cooperate with
each other when there is no intercommunication or central direction? The
answer to this question is that participants in a program of Leaderless
Resistance through phantom cell or individual action must know exactly what
they are doing, and how to do it. It becomes the responsibility of the
individual to acquire the necessary skills and information as to what is to
be done. This is by no means as impractical as it appears, because it is
certainly true that in any movement, all persons involved have the same
general outlook, are acquainted with the same philosophy, and generally
react to given situations in similar ways. The pervious history of the
committees of correspondence during the American Revolution show this to be
true.

Since the entire purpose of Leaderless Resistance is to defeat state tyranny
(at least insofar as this essay is concerned), all members of phantom cells
or individuals will tend to react to objective events in the same way
through usual tactics of resistance. Organs of information distribution such
as newspapers, leaflets, computers, etc., which are widely available to all,
keep each person informed of events, allowing for a planned response that
will take many variations. No one need issue an order to anyone. Those
idealist truly committed to the cause of freedom will act when they feel the
time is ripe, or will take their cue from others who precede them. While it
is true that much could be said against this type of structure as a method
of resistance, it must be kept in mind that Leaderless Resistance is a child
of necessity. The alternatives to it have been show to be unworkable or
impractical. Leaderless Resistance has worked before in the American
Revolution, and if the truly committed put it to use for themselves, it will
work now.
Leaderless Resistance leads to very small or even one man cells of
resistance. Those who join organizations to play "let's pretend" or who are
"groupies" will quickly be weeded out. While for those who are serious about
their opposition to federal despotism, this is exactly what is desired.

>From the point of view of tyrants and would be potentates in the federal
bureaucracy and police agencies, nothing is more desirable than that those
who oppose them be UNIFIED in their command structure, and that every person
who opposes them belong to a pyramid type group. Such groups and
organizations are an easy kill. Especially in light of the fact that the
Justice (sic) Department promised in 1987 that there would never be another
group that opposed them that they did not have at least one informer in.
These federal "friends of government" are intelligence agents. They gather
information that can be used at the whim of a federal D.A. to prosecute. The
line of battle has been drawn. Patriots are required therefore, to make a
conscious decision to either aid the government in its illegal spying, by
continuing with old methods of organization and resistance, or to make the
enemy's job more difficult by implementing effective countermeasures.

Now there will, no doubt, be mentally handicapped people out there who,
while standing at a podium with an American flag draped in the background,
and a lone eagle soaring in the sky above, will state emphatically in their
best sounding red, white, and blue voice, "So what if the government is
spying? We are not violating any laws." Such crippled thinking by any
serious person is the best example that there is a need for special
education classes. The person making such a statement is totally out of
contact with political reality in this country, and unfit for leadership of
any thing more than a dog sleigh in the Alaskan wilderness. The old "Born on
the fourth of July" mentality that has influenced so much of the American
patriot's thinking in the past will not save him from the government in the
future. "Reeducation" for non-thinkers of this type will take place in the
federal prison system where there are no flags or eagles, but abundance of
men who were "not violating any law."

Most groups who "unify" their disparate associates into a single structure
have short political lives. Therefore, those movement leaders constantly
calling for unity of organization rather than the desirable unity of
purpose, usually fall into one of three categories.

They may not be sound political tacticians, but rather, just committed men
who feel unity would help their cause, while not realizing that the
government would greatly benefit from such efforts. The Federal objective,
to imprison or destroy all who oppose them, is made easier in pyramid
organizations. Or perhaps, they do not fully understand the struggle they
are involved in and that the government they oppose has declared a state of
war against those fighting for faith, folk, freedom and constitutional
liberty. Those in power will use any means to rid themselves of opposition.
The third class calling for unity and let us hope this is the minority of
the three, are men more desirous of the supposed power that a large
organization would bestow, than of actually achieving their stated purpose.

Conversely, the last thing Federal snoops would have, if they had any choice
in the matter, is a thousand different small phantom cells opposing them. It
is easy to see why. Such a situation is an intelligence nightmare for a
government intent upon knowing everything they possibly can about those who
oppose them. The Federals, able to amass overwhelming strength of numbers,
manpower, resources, intelligence gathering, and capability at any given
time, need only a focal point to direct their anger. A single penetration of
a pyramid type of organization can lead to the destruction of the whole.
Whereas, Leaderless Resistance presents no single opportunity for the
Federals to destroy a significant portion of the Resistance.

With the announcement by the Department of Justice (sic) that 300 FBI agents
formerly assigned to watching Soviet spies in the US (domestic counter
intelligence) are now to be used to" combat crime", the federal government
is preparing the way for a major assault upon those persons opposed to their
policies. Many anti-government groups dedicated to the preservation of the
America of our forefathers can expect shortly to feel the brunt of a new
federal assault upon liberty.

It is clear, therefore, that it is time to rethink traditional strategy and
tactics when it comes to opposing a modern police state. America is quickly
moving into a long dark night of police state tyranny, where the rights now
accepted by most as being inalienable will disappear. Let the coming night
be filled with a thousand points of resistance. Like the fog which forms
when conditions are right and disappears when they are not, so must the
resistance to tyranny be.


"If every person has the right to defend--even by force--his person, his
liberty, and his property, then it follows that a group of men have the
right to organize and support a common force to protect these rights
constantly." ---The Law. Frederick Bastiat Paris, 1850.

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