-Caveat Lector-

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/et?ac=000343180237640&rtmo=glbYnjku&atmo=99999999
&pg=/et/99/12/2/ecnevo02.html
Human evolution slowed down by central heating

By Roger Highfield

HUMAN beings are in the slow lane of evolution, according to a study that
suggests that changes to our species will be more to do with culture than
biology.

In the natural world, evolution is driven when the environment alters, for
example as a result of climate change. While insects, plants and animals
have to adapt to global warming, humans turn down the central heating, wear
less clothing and use more air conditioning.

The slow down in human evolution has long been suspected and evidence is
published today in Nature in a study that compares the genetic code of mice,
humans and chickens. Surprisingly, people may have more in common with
chickens than with mice.

The mouse genetic code "has evolved faster and man evolves the slowest",
said Dr David Burt of the Roslin Institute, Edinburgh. Humans adapt to new
conditions "by using our brains and creating solutions with our hands. We
are less vulnerable to environmental changes", he said.

With colleagues, he has been mapping the genome - the large-scale
organisation of genes - in the domestic chicken, and comparing their gene
maps with what is known for mice and humans.

The study focuses on genes shared by many organisms and shows that the
chicken and human gene maps share more features of their organisation - in
terms of the relative placement of genes - than either does with the mouse
gene map.

"Birds and mammals arose from a common ancestor over 300 million years ago,"
said Dr Burt. "So we had expected many more genetic re-arrangements over
this much longer time scale than found between two mammals, such as human
and mouse."

But the study showed 100 large blocks of the genetic code were similar in a
comparison of the birds and humans, while 200 smaller blocks were similar in
a comparison of humans and mice.

It seems that the rodent genetic code has evolved much faster, particularly
over the past few tens of millions of years, than that in the lineages
leading to either humans or chickens. "Evolution has occurred at least 10
times faster during the evolution of mice, than in chicken or man," he said.


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