-Caveat Lector-   <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">
</A> -Cui Bono?-

Global Warming
In the past there has been a lot of controversy over whether or not the
theory of global warming is a reality. This debate continues today, however
more scientists are beginning to accept that the effect exists. The main
disagreement is over how much the global warming effect is natural and how
much is caused by humankind. The term global warming may be somewhat
misleading. It does not necessarily mean that every country will get warmer.
Weather systems are complicated things which, as everyone knows, are hard to
predict. The average global temperature may increase. This means that some
places may get colder. In general the current world climate will shift
Northwards. Barry Smith’s point about water taking up less volume than ice is
correct. However, this would only be true for certain areas of the Arctic
which is frozen sea water. The water that would contribute to sea level rises
is that from snow and ice on Arctic land areas; parts of Canada, Russia,
Scandinavia, Iceland, Alaska, and the whole of Greenland.[22] Much of the
Antarctic is also frozen water on land. Not only ice on land but also frozen
water within the soil, permafrost, may also contribute.[23] Finally, another
effect of an increase in temperature on a volume of water is that it expands.
This may, or may not, contribute to the global rise in sea levels as well. To
suggest that no one needs to worry about global warming is simply complacent
and irresponsible.


Ozone Depletion
That the ozone “holes” over the poles grow and shrink with the seasons is
well known to scientists. The ozone hole over the Antarctic grows during the
spring and persists for several months before shrinking again. This is taken
into account when an overall percentage of ozone levels is calculated. This
figure is decreasing.[24] A similar problem has been detected over the
Arctic. Ozone holes appear over the poles and not over major cities using
CFCs due to strong winds and air currents high in the atmosphere. This is
largely due to a vortex set up by the large land mass of the Antarctic. It is
also important to realise that the ozone “holes” are not holes as such but
areas within which the ozone layer is thin. This is most noticeable at the
poles due to the collection of CFC gasses but not necessarily confined to
these areas. Finally, the idea that developing countries are being coerced
into throwing away their CFC containing fridges does not make sense. No one
would encourage this as a remedy to global warming. The CFCs within fridges
only leak into the atmosphere when the fridge is no longer used and has been
discarded. During normal use this is not a problem. If everyone threw away
their fridges right now this would result in a large volume of CFCs being
released into the atmosphere possibly making the ozone problem worse,
certainly not better. It only takes one CFC molecule to destroy 100,000 ozone
molecules. Developing countries have until the year 2010 to stop
manufacturing fridges containing CFCs. Meanwhile, CFC containing fridges can
still be used. They are not being discarded in one move but phased out.

The explanation that the Earth can balance itself automatically without human
help is naive. It is true that ozone forms with oxygen molecules in the
presence of ultra-violet rays in sunlight. However, this process is
incredibly slow. As stated above, CFCs are highly destructive towards ozone
molecules. If the balance is exceeded the Earth’s natural replenishment of
the ozone layer will not be able to keep pace. A similar observation can be
made concerning global warming. Normally plants that photosynthesise convert
the atmospheric carbon-dioxide into oxygen. However, this too is a balance.
If carbon-dioxide emissions increase due to industrial activity, something
that the Earth has not encountered before, and plant life decreases, due to
deforestation and a decrease in marine plankton, then carbon-dioxide levels
will increase.
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