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Publications of the Center for Security Policy
No. 00-F 17

SECURITY FORUM

17 March 2000

Senior Legislators Press S.E.C.'s Levitt on PetroChina IPO --
Missives from Reps. Oxley and Baucus Should be Wake-Up Call to S.E.C., U.S.
Investors

(Washington, D.C.): The rising crescendo of opposition to the bid by China
National Petroleum Company (CNPC) to penetrate the U.S. capital markets reached
new heights in recent days -- i.e., at senior levels on Capitol Hill.
Specifically, two chairmen of relevant House subcommittees in letters to the
Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, Arthur Levitt, Jr.,
signaled serious concerns about the multi-billion dollar Initial Public
Offering CNPC's wholly owned subsidiary, PetroChina, is expected to offer after
listing next month on the New York Stock Exchange.

The first missive to hit the SEC chairman's desk was sent on 7 March over the
signatures of Representatives Michael Oxley (R-OH), Chairman of the House
Commerce Subcommittee on Financial and Hazardous Materials -- which has direct
oversight over the SEC -- and Spencer Bachus (R.-AL), Chairman of the House
Banking Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy. Noting that
there is "considerable controversy surrounding this proposed IPO," the Oxley-
Bachus letter laid down a clear marker for Chairman Levitt: "To ensure that
investors have full and accurate information regarding this public offering, we
request your assurance that all requirements under the Securities Act of 1933
have been met, in particular the required disclosure relating to the intended
use of proceeds from the offering." (Emphasis added.)

In order to amplify and reinforce the concerns that prompted the 7 March
correspondence, Representative Bachus sent the following, more detailed
communication to Chairman Levitt on 16 March. It raises questions about the
lack of transparency associated with the draft prospectus now being circulated
for the PetroChina IPO -- involving, among other things, both serious omissions
and potentially problematic commissions concerning the use of the proceeds and
their users. Rep. Baucus is to be commended for his call for a "thorough
investigation" by the SEC of "the prospect that many other foreign companies
utilizing the American capital markets to finance activities that are directly
opposed to vital U.S. interests...in order to ensure that...SEC procedures
...are appropriate for guarding our vital national interests."

March 16, 2000
Arthur Levitt
Chairman
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
450 Fifth Street, NW
Washington, D.C. 20549
Dear Mr. Levitt:

I am writing to express my serious concerns about the proposed PetroChina IPO
that was registered with the SEC on Monday, February 28, 2000. My primary
concern is that there has been insufficient disclosure of the potential risks
to investors and of the intended use of the proceeds. The use of proceeds
section does not provide meaningful disclosure of the actual use of the
proceeds by PetroChina nor the extent and use of the proceeds that would accrue
to CNPC. The PetroChina filing also fails to mention the widespread reports of
a divestment campaign or the realistic possibility that future sanctions could
materially affect the value of its shares.

My second concern is that there may have been violations of the proper
procedures for SEC filings based on the events that have already occurred
during the processing of this proposed IPO. As a result of these two concerns,
I am requesting that you require an extended three month period of review
before the registration becomes effective and that you decline any request to
accelerate the effective date. This delay is necessary so that the SEC will
have enough time to determine whether sufficient disclosure has been provided
to potential investors and that no irregularities occurred in the registration
process for the PetroChina IPO.

As you are aware, PetroChina is a subsidiary largely owned by the China
National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), which is itself a state-owned entity
controlled by the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC). CNPC has
extensive dealings in countries that are currently under United States
sanctions, such as Sudan and Iran, and American companies or persons are
legally prohibited from direct or indirect business dealings with these
countries to protect vital U.S. national interests.

In particular, CNPC is the largest investor in one of Sudan's most profitable
enterprises, and provides vital hard currency for Sudan's government, the
National Islamic Front (NIF). You should be aware that oil revenues largely
support and finance NIF's egregious violations of human rights. There is no
question that oil revenues are an integral part of NIF's genocidal war on its
own population. The Khartoum regime has waged a relentless 17-year war killing
over 2,000,000 residents, who are primarily innocent civilians.

The connection between oil revenue and violations of law has been widely
recognized in Sudan as well as other countries under U.S. sanctions. For
instance, with respect to Iran in 1995, President Clinton's former Under
Secretary of State for Policy said, ""A straight line links Iran's oil income
and its ability to sponsor terrorism, build weapons of mass destruction, and
acquire sophisticated armaments. Any government or private company that helps
Iran to expand its oil must accept that it is contributing to this menace."
Indeed, Sudan's government is using its oil revenue to prosecute a vicious
genocidal war against Sudanese Christians living in the southern portion of
that country, as well as sponsor acts of international terrorism.
It appears that PetroChina's registration statement provides insufficient
disclosure in several respects. In its filing, PetroChina proposes three
separate, but relatively undefined uses for the proceeds: an unspecified amount
for undisclosed "capital expenditures and investments," repayment of short and
long-term borrowings to undisclosed "third party financial institutions," and
"additional funds for general corporate purposes." In addition, CNPC will
receive an undisclosed amount of funding and will use those funds to repay an
unspecified amount of "borrowings" (the underlying activities which these
borrowings funded is also unknown), and to "fund the employee retraining and
severance plans established in connection with the restructuring of the CNPC
group."

It is obvious from these proposed uses of proceeds that CNPC stands to gain
substantially from the PetroChina IPO. A recent news article stated that CNPC
would receive payments between $1 billion and $1.5 billion from PetroChina. In
addition, PetroChina is assuming a large portion of the debts formerly owned by
its parent, CNPC. There is no question that this will significantly increase
CNPC's access to financing that would otherwise be unavailable to fund its
foreign operations. Therefore, the direct transfer of funds and assumption of
old CNPC debt will significantly and materially aid CNPC in that it will now be
able to use its current or future revenues to finance its foreign operations.

Because of the substantial revenue and debt sharing between the parent and its
subsidiary, it is essential that the investor community be fully apprised of
the growing controversy surrounding the activities of PetroChina's parent by a
coalition of human rights, religious freedom, labor, and national security
groups. There are numerous press reports about these activities that I would be
pleased to share with you.

In addition, there is a significant possibility that future sanctions could be
imposed on PetroChina (or on its parent CNPC, which would materially affect the
subsidiary) similar to those recently imposed on the joint oil venture Greater
Nile Petroleum Operating Company Ltd. (GNPOC) or Sudapet Ltd. Currently,
engaging in business with GNPOC or Sudapet carries criminal penalties for
corporations and individuals, as well as the possibility of imprisonment for up
to 10 years. As you are already aware, CNPC is the largest investor and partner
in GNPOC. If these or other forms of sanctions were later extended to CNPC,
there is no question that they could materially affect the value of PetroChina
stock. All potential investors should be made aware of these possibilities and
the ultimate use of the proceeds before you approve this transaction.

A number of questions have also arisen from the process through which the IPO
was created. First, this proposed issue was originally to be a $10 billion IPO
for CNPC but has been changed several times to the current estimated $5 billion
IPO for PetroChina, its newly created subsidiary. Goldman Sachs, the IPO's
primary underwriter, submitted its registration statement for the new
PetroChina subsidiary to the SEC on Tuesday, February 29, 2000, after which the
"quiet" or "waiting period" officially began. As you are aware, while oral
statements are permitted during the waiting period, it is clearly understood
that no written OR oral statements or solicitations may be made before the
registration statement is filed. Various sources have reported, however, that
Goldman Sachs may have used "research groups" or other venues to discuss
information about the IPO with potential investors. We request that you
investigate whether any information has been provided to potential American
investors that would dispose them to have a more favorable view of investing in
the PetroChina offering.

Using "research groups" or other techniques to educate potential investors
before filing with the SEC, instead of the usual "road show" after an SEC
filing, would not only skirt the law, but would also violate the spirit of
proper disclosure policy. While these facts remain unsubstantiated at this
time, various press reports and additional assertions made to my staff indicate
that some disclosure may have occurred in violation of proper procedures.

Furthermore, there is no record of any preliminary filings with the SEC,
despite indications that various draft proposals were submitted to the SEC. In
addition to various press reports, some evidence of this was obtained in the
course of a congressional staff inquiry that occurred prior to PetroChina's
February 28, 2000 filing with the SEC. Several days before the first recorded
filing with the SEC, a spokeswoman for Goldman Sachs stated that the PetroChina
documents had been filed with the SEC and that no questions could be answered
because the quiet period had already begun.

While we share your desire to have a free flow of information between SEC staff
and attorneys preparing the IPO filings, it is important not to avoid
disclosure requirements or the Freedom of Information Act. Therefore, it would
be helpful if the SEC were to clarify the proper procedures for an "informal"
waiting period during which drafts of SEC filings are reviewed by the SEC staff
and changes made before any formal filing is submitted. At the minimum, there
should be some record in the EDGAR database indicating that an initial filing
has been made from the very first moment that documents are provided to SEC
staff. Requiring electronic filing for foreign corporations in the same way
that they are required for domestic filings would be a simple solution to this
problem.

One final but important concern regarding the PetroChina filing process is
Goldman Sachs ability to freely disseminate information regarding the proposed
IPO abroad, while being prohibited from doing so domestically. Given the multi-
national nature of many of the IPO's potential corporate investors, it is
virtually impossible to avoid having information provided widely in Hong Kong
reach the desks of targeted investors here in the United States.

In closing, my primary concern remains the question of whether proceeds from
the PetroChina IPO will be used to benefit the activities of CNPC, which could
compromise American national interests and possibly circumvent U.S. laws
regarding sanctions against Sudan. By way of example, an earlier version of the
proposal would have required PetroChina to pay a dividend to CNPC of $1 billion
to $1.5 billion and to CNPC's retirement or worker retraining obligations.
PetroChina's current registration statement indicates that an unspecified sum
will be paid to CNPC, that an unspecified amount of CNPC debt will be assumed,
as well as providing for payments to CNPC for other purposes. These facts
eviscerate the assertion that a legal firewall has been created to segregate
the funds generated by the IPO for PetroChina's purely domestic activities. It
seems likely that the billions raised will either subsidize the overseas
operations of the parent company or, due to the fungibility of money, at least
indirectly finance CNPC's overseas operations by freeing it of debt or other
obligations.

With the prospect of many other foreign companies utilizing the American
capital markets to finance activities that are directly opposed to vital U.S.
national interests, it is imperative that you investigate this matter
thoroughly in order to determine those SEC procedures that are appropriate for
guarding our vital national interests.

Sincerely,

Spencer Bachus
Chairman
Monetary Policy Subcommittee

NOTE: The Center's publications are intended to invigorate and enrich the
debate on foreign policy and defense issues. The views expressed do not
necessarily reflect those of all members of the Center's Board of Advisors.
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� 1988-2000, Center for Security Policy

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