Re: [CTRL] BEHIND THE BUSHES: Chronology of a family

[Linda Minor]

See attached file for more than you could possibly want to know about the
elder Bush's backers in his younger days.  Footnotes available on request.


-----Original Message-----
From: Kris Millegan <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Thursday, April 20, 2000 7:31 PM
Subject: Re: [CTRL] BEHIND THE BUSHES: Chronology of a family


>My take is that the complete article in an update of a piece that appeared
in
>print in the Progressive in 1992. At the end of the article on the current
>cited web site, gives a copyright of 2000. The editor doesn't get
continuity
>points? For sources I would contact the website.
>
>As far as Bush family Nazi contacts, there are many.  The Farish family for
>one. Also George HW's daddy Prescott was caught "trading with enemy"[Nazis]
>during WWII.
>
>Om
>K
>
>In a message dated 4/20/00 4:57:16 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
>
>>From: Mike mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
>>
>>To: Kris c/o Conspiracy Theory Research List.
>>
>>Date: Thurs, April 20, 2000
>>
>>Subject: Reply: [CRTL] Behind The Bushes: Chronology of a Family:
>>
>>
>>
>>Kris:
>>
>>
>>
>>I read the post very carefully. One question I have is If this Material
>>was
>>
>>Published back in 1992 as Political Campaign Info. Then how can the
>>
>>"Newer" material from 1992 to Present be associated with the 1992
>>
>>Original Publication? A side issue, where did the information come from
>>
>>that claimed the "Hertiage Groups Nationalities Council" had members
>>
>>in it that supported the Nazi Party? Since I am from that period of
History
>>
>>and knew people in the "Republican Party" assoiciated with the "Group".
>>
>>And to my knowledge they were Not in Any Way supportive of any Socialist
>>
>> - Nazi politics. I would like to know the Truth. And what the "writer's"
>>
>>sources
>>
>>were as they were not listed in this article. I am Independent Politically
>>
>>and
>>
>>wonder if this info is coming to surface because Bush is running for
>>
>>President.
>>
>>From a Fellow Conservative Patriot.
>>
>>~ Mike ~
>-----
>Aloha, He'Ping,
>Om, Shalom, Salaam.
>Em Hotep, Peace Be,
>All My Relations.
>Omnia Bona Bonis,
>Adieu, Adios, Aloha.
>Amen.
>Roads End
>
><A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">www.ctrl.org</A>
>DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER
>==========
>CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing
propagandic
>screeds are unwelcomed. Substance�not soap-boxing�please!  These are sordid
>matters
>and 'conspiracy theory'�with its many half-truths, misdirections and
outright
>frauds�is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects
>spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRL
>gives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to
readers;
>be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credence to Holocaust denial and
>nazi's need not apply.
>
>Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector.
>========================================================================
>Archives Available at:
>http://home.ease.lsoft.com/archives/CTRL.html
><A HREF="http://home.ease.lsoft.com/archives/ctrl.html">Archives of
>[EMAIL PROTECTED]</A>
>
>http:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/
> <A HREF="http:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/">ctrl</A>
>========================================================================
>To subscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email:
>SUBSCRIBE CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
>To UNsubscribe to Conspiracy Theory Research List[CTRL] send email:
>SIGNOFF CTRL [to:] [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
>Om
>

��ࡱ�>��  


�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
       
 
!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~�Root
 Entry��������
        
�F�ŧ;��
��WordDocument
��������
�

CompObj������������n������������
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ch
 Rothschilds.  He then went to New York,  where he worked briefly in the Lazard 
office.  He soon quit to set up his own investment bank and acquire a seat on the New 
York Stock Exchange.  By the time Eugene Meyer (Jr.) invested in George Bush's  
enterprise, he had owned the Washington Post for more than 20 years, turning it over 
to Phil Graham in 1946 when Eugene was appointed to be the first  chairman of the 
World Bank and International Monetary Fund.

By the time Euguene Meyer became an 
investor in George Bush's corporation, the American branch of Lazard Freres was being 
run by Andre Meyer�who is said to be no relation to Eugene's family.  However, Andre 
also hailed from Alsace-Lorraine and was the uncle of Michel David-Weill, who worked 
with him.   During World War I, according to Andre Meyer's biographer,  the "Bank of 
England forced Lazard to sell the London bank to British interests [emphasis added]."  
The "British interests" nominally owning "Lazard Brothers", as it is called in the 
U.K., were the family of Sir Weetman Pearson (later Lord and then Viscount) Cowdray.  
According to author Cary Reich, the London office was a "franchise operation" of 
Lazard Freres New York and Paris run, respectively, by Andre Meyer and Pierre 
David-Weill.  Fifty percent (50%) of the ordinary shares of Lazard Brothers & Co., 
Ltd. and 80% of preferred shares were owned by Pearson PLC, as of 1985, which also 
held 16.2% of the U.S. Lazard Freres & Co. capital and 9.9% of the profits.  Pearson 
also controlled 10% of the French company's partnership interest in the limited 
partnership.  In 1981 the chairman of Lazard was Ian Fraser. The Pearson empire�set up 
as a foundation when Viscount Cowdray died--also includes 100% ownership of London's 
Financial Times and a 50% interest in the Economist.

2.  Lazard Freres connections 
with Hudson's Bay Company
Management of the London office of Lazard Brothers has long 
been delegated to the Kindersley family.  Sir Robert Molesworth (Lord Kindersley), 
while chairman of the board of Lazard Brothers, also sat on the board of the Bank of 
England.  Kindersley had also served as governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, a fact 
that is instructive to one who has a knowledge of the history of this company.  In 
1670 Hudson Bay was granted a charter from the King in Canada to engage in 
fur-trapping, together with title to the land from Labrador to the Pacific.  In 1863 
the British government supported imperialist Edward Watkin in buying the stock of the 
company and all its assets.  A public issue was floated to raise capital to pay off 
the former owners and to build the Grand Trunk Railroad also controlled by Watkin.  
Watkin was also involved in the British North American Association, which attempted to 
persuade the British government that railroads and other forms of transportation and 
communication in Canada and the maritime colonies "served a significant Imperial 
function." The bondholders and stockholders of the Grand Trunk and advocates of the 
North West Transportation Company (headed by William Dawson) were also having 
difficulty securing enough funds to complete their projects and employed lobbyists in 
England to promote their cause.  Dawson hired the investment firm of Robert Benson to 
obtain a government subsidy from London to carry mail from the Atlantic to Pacific.  
Even before the subsidy was granted, he formed a syndicate of investors in London, 
which included Pascoe Charles Glyn, younger brother of George Grenfell Glyn (the Glyn 
family was associated with a number of investment banking firms inclܥe#�       
�f
�
(c
,�
l,�
l�
�


�

�E(�
�
��
T�
��

E
 MS Sans SerifSymbol ArialTimes New RomanTHE FONDI INVADE 
HOUSTON

CHAPTER 1
GEORGE BUSH

When George Bush arrived in Texas in 1948�originally  
in connection with his father's interest, as investment banker and director for 
Dresser Industries�he did not feel out of place.  He felt very much at home, in fact, 
among natives of Texas, some of whom were members of families whose forebears had 
known Sam Houston and Mirabeau B. Lamar.  Like Bush, these Texans reflect how the 
Venetian fondi system became entrenched in America.  Although it is true that the 
Venetian oligarchy established itself in the London financial centers, it did not stop 
there.  Family members went out to all areas of the globe looking for business in 
which to invest.  Wherever they settled, they sought financing from their European 
contacts�thus eventually developing a network of industries, interconnected through 
corporate structure, shareholders and interlocking directorates.  Much can be learned 
from tracing George's steps from the time he arrived in Odessa, Texas until the 
present day.

INVESTORS IN BUSH-OVERBEY
After working a few years for a Dresser 
subsidiary in Odessa, George decided to form his own oil company�Bush-Overbey�which 
was set up for him by his uncle, "Herbie Walker," while George went scrounging for 
funds in "the big cities."  His best contact, he says, was Eugene Meyer, then owner of 
the Washington Post, who invested $50,000 for himself and another unspecified amount 
for his son-in-law, Phil Graham.  George admits in his autobiography that he had met 
Meyer previously because "Brown Brothers, Harriman and Company managed a lot of his 
accounts."  What his ghost-written autobiography failed to reveal, however, was that 
the other major investor who bought his stock was an investment trust known as British 
Assets Trust, whose managers tie in with the same people backing Eugene Meyer's 
purchase of the Washington Post in 1933.  A more detailed description of each of these 
investors follows.

1.  Eugene Meyer�agent for Lazard Freres
It is interesting to note 
that when Meyer bought the Post at public auction in 1933, the competing bidders were 
Mary Rumsey, Averell Harriman's sister, said to be bidding for her brother and Vincent 
Astor; Alice Roosevelt Longworth, TR's daughter; and Bascom Timmons, Jesse Jones' 
friend and biographer.  Jones, who once owned both of Houston's daily newspapers, was 
named by FDR as Meyer's replacement at the Reconstruction Finance Corporation when 
Meyer, a Republican, resigned.

Eugene Meyer's father emigrated from Alsace-Lorraine 
to California in 1859, about 10 years after his cousins, Simon and Lazare Lazard, had 
left Alsace-Lorraine.  Going first to New Orleans in 1848, they relocated to 
California when the Gold Rush began.   At first they established a dry goods store 
which soon took on the role of bank.   Alexandre Weill,  a cousin of the Lazards as 
well as Eugene Meyer,  came from Alsace-Lorraine to be their bookkeeper.   Within four 
years they became involved in foreign gold exchange and opened an office in Paris.   
Eugene Sr. was sent to Los Angeles for a time to work at the Lazard department 
store/banks and officially joined the investment bank in 1864.   He married a Lazard 
relative, the daughter of a rabbi who had established the synagogue on Wilshire 
Boulevard, returning to San Francisco in 1884, when Eugene Jr. was nine years old.  He 
replaced Alexandre Weill, who was then free to move to New York to run the New York 
Lazard Freres branch he had started in 1880.  The London branch was founded three 
years later.

In 1908 the California bank was sold, eventually to become the Crocker 
National Bank (later purchased by Midlands Bank of the U.K.).  The younger Eugene 
Meyer spent two years in Paris after college graduation in 1895 where he was in close 
contact with an uncle, Zadoc Kahn, who had close ties to the Frenuding Morton Rose, 
Glyn Mills and Robert Benson himself).

The Duke of Newcastle, colonial secretary 
under Lord Palmerston, was the primary proponent in the government of colonial 
subsidies.  However, his support for reimbursement for certain expenses incurred by 
the companies for encouraging settlement of the colonial lands was offset by his 
refusal to agree to pay the companies the value for any of their chartered lands which 
became Crown Colonies.  Newcastle had contact with Watkin as well as other capitalists 
and financiers interested in Canadian development. An organizational meeting for the 
British North American Association was chaired by Robert Wigram Crawford, City of 
London M.P. and director of the Bank of England, and was also attended by Robert 
Benson, Thomas Baring and George Carr Glyn�the leading bondholders of the Grand Trunk; 
by William Newmarch of Glyn, Mills & Co.; Arthur Kinnaird of Ransom, Bouvierie & Co.; 
and Philip Vankoughnet, an agent of the Canadian government.  These men on July 5, 
1862 requested assistance for the construction of a road and telegraph line across the 
British North America, asking for a subsidy in the form of land grants rather than 
money.  Signatories of the petition also included William Chapman and Kirkman Daniel 
Hodgson (Baring Brothers partner and member of Hudson's Bay committee).  The land, of 
course, was to come out of the grant made to Hudson's Bay under its 200-year-old 
charter.

In 1863 Watkin opened up discussions with Hudson's Bay Company's attorney, 
Joseph Maynard about a possible purchase of the company and its assets.  The Company's 
accountant had valued the chartered rights in Rupert's Land at 1.5 million pounds and 
other property at another almost half million pounds.  Hudson's Bay offered to sell 
all the stock for 1.5 million cash paid within 6 months.  The British government 
refused to pay, stating that all funds must come from private sources.  At that point 
the International Financial Society was formed--just six weeks after Watkin's meeting 
with the Hudson's Bay Company.   It was capitalized at 3 million pounds�divided into 
150,000 shares�all of which were bought by the important London banking firms.  The 
sale of stock was closed in June 1863, and the new shareholders (the London banks) 
elected Sir Edmund Head as governor of the Company, with other board members being 
Richard Potter, Daniel Meinertzhagen, James S. Hodgson and J.H.W. Schroeder from the 
banks.  Shares in the new company were then placed for sale on the open market.  
However, almost a year later, the society still owned a large block of stock.  The 
Society's minutes reflect that by 1867 it owned a mere 3,000 shares.

  Donald Smith 
(later Lord Strathcona) was hired in 1869 to run Hudson's Bay with financing from the 
Bank of Montreal, headed at that time by his cousin and fellow Scot, George Stephen.  
Besides being chairman of the Bank of Montreal, Stephen was also the major shareholder 
in the Canadian Pacific Railroad, which was completed in 1886 after many 
near-bankruptcies.  In the beginning of the construction of the railroad, Smith used 
Phillip Rose's investment banking firm--Morton, Rose�to float issues of stocks and 
bonds.  In the last two issues he was able to convince Barings Bank to assist him 
because the previous issues had not brought in any much-needed capital.  

According 
to the writers of Dope, Inc., by 1916 the Keswick family of Jardine Matheson had 
secured controlling interest of the Hudson's Bay Company, and they made a deal with 
Sam and Abe Bronfman to buy the Canadian Pure Drug Company.  The networks for 
smuggling of the drugs were established during the days of American prohibition.  
Drugs were brought to Canada from Asia via the railroad terminus on the Pacific Ocean. 
 To hide the involvement of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, a dummy corporation, 
Transcanada Transport was set up.  After a 1922 scandal airing the Bronfmans' crime 
connections in a public hearing, the family relocated their business to Montreal.  
Whereas they had previously imported whiskey from the Distillery Company of London 
(owned by "the higher echelons of the British nobility"), they transported a 
distillery from Kentucky to Montreal and were given distribution rights by the King.  
The Bronfmans then became a 50-50 partner with their previous supplier in a new 
holding company set up in 1926 in which William Ross of London was named as president, 
with Sam Bronfman as vice-president.  Following another scandal involving Harry 
Bronfman, the family acquired a shipping subsidiary�Atlas Shipping Co.�which they 
moved to two islands on the Newfoundland coast, where their smuggling operations 
thereafter were based.

The interlocking management among Hudson Bay, Seagrams, and 
the Canadian banks continued to overlap with the management of Lazard Brothers and 
British Intelligence operators.  Between 1920-44 a partner and managing director of 
the London office of Lazard Brothers was Lord Robert H. Brand (named Baron Brand in 
1946), who along with Lords Astor, Milner, Altrincham, and General Smuts made up the 
"Round Table Group," later called the "Cliveden Set," which controlled the Rhodes 
Trust, the Beit Trust, The Times of London and The Observer.  Brand, regarded as the 
economist of the Round Table Group, was a director of Lloyd's Bank and director of The 
Times.  His wife was Nancy Astor's sister, an American from the Langhorne family in 
Virginia.  Brand was also financial advisor for Lord Robert Cecil.  When Lord Brand 
left Lazard in 1944, his nephew Thomas Henry Brand replaced him. 

3.  Phil Graham's 
role
At first glance, Phil Graham does not appear to fit into this group of banking 
families.  He was born in 1915 in a South Dakota mining town and lived for a short 
time in Michigan.  Phil's father, Ernest, was a mining engineer who  had operated a 
gold mine in Montana before 1910.  In World War I Ernest Graham served in the Corps of 
Engineers as a captain.  In 1921 he became manager of 70,000 acres of sugarcane in the 
Florida Everglades for the Pennsylvania Sugar Company (Pennsuco), which had contracts 
to process sugar grown in Cuba.  The project was not successful for that purpose, 
however, and Ernest soon switched to dairy farming with money loaned to him by a Miami 
lawyer.  He later grew rich during the land boom when the value of his farmland 
skyrocketed.  Ernest and his wife, Florence Morris Graham, were both of Scottish 
ancestry and encouraged Phil to work hard and become a lawyer.  After graduating from 
public school in Miami, he went to the University of Florida and later graduated from 
Harvard Law School.  When Ernest retired from dairy-farming, he became a State Senator 
for a district stretching from Fort Lauderdale down to Key West, including all of 
Miami.  He knew George Smathers and Claude Pepper, who helped Phil get into Harvard 
after he was initially rejected.

It was while he was in law school and thereafter 
that he was taken into the inner circle, though his father's political connections did 
not do him any harm.  Instead of returning to Florida to become a politician himself, 
he became a clerk for Justice Stanley Reed at the Supreme Court, a position secured 
for him by Harvard insider Felix Frankfurter, who was himself appointed to the Court a 
year later by FDR.  After one year, Phil clerked another year for Frankfurter.  During 
those two years he lived in a house called "Hockley" in Arlington, Virginia with a 
number of other Supreme Court clerks, which has been called "a kind of commune for 
young men in the government."  It sounds like an American version of the "Round 
Table," organized by the Astors at Cliveden.  In fact, Justice Frankfurter, who 
recruited most of the clerks for the Court, had himself lived in a similar house on 
19th Street in Washington, D.C., a generation earlier with Eugene Meyer's brother, 
Walter (who never married), Walter Lippmann and Philip Kerr (Lord Lothian).  Several 
of the clerks went to work for Dean Acheson's law firm and continued as Hockley 
residents.  Mr. Acheson was a frequent guest, as were Justices Hugo Black, Stanley 
Reed, Frank Murphy, Harlan Stone and Frankfurter.

Eugene Meyer first met Frankfurter 
in 1912 through his brother.  He may have advised Katherine, who was dating another 
resident of Hockley in 1939, to select her husband from this group. In the beginning 
of the marriage, Phil and Kay moved to R Street and 37th, while Phil clerked for 
Frankfurter for a year, followed by a stint at the Office for Emergency Management 
(the forerunner of FEMA) and then for Lend-Lease.  At the same time he was taking part 
in an informal think-tank called "the goon squad," which met on Monday evenings with 
economist Robert Nathan to help him develop military requirements for war mobilization 
(prior to America's entry into the war.  Britain desperately wanted the U.S. to enter 
the war on its side, and the Washington Post was pushing this move as well.   Like 
everything else Phil was involved in, it too was one of Frankfurter's ideas.  Felix 
met daily with FDR as his "administrative consultant, military strategist, legal 
counselor and cheerleader," and his former clerks carried out his ideas in the "middle 
echelons" of the bureaucracy.  Once the U.S. was in the war, Phil joined the Army Air 
Corps as a private, but was soon placed in intelligence school in Pennsylvania.  It 
was at that point when Eugene asked Phil to run the Post, a position he assumed in 
January 1946 upon his discharge from the Army.  That left Eugene free to return to 
manipulation of the world economy.

In 1956 Graham first supported Adlai Stevenson, 
then switched to Lyndon Johnson, who he thought had a better chance of winning than 
Kennedy.  After John Kennedy was elected, however, Phil became very close to him and 
is said to have convinced him to appoint C. Douglas Dillon as Secretary of the 
Treasury.  He was not successful in persuading JFK to appoint David Bruce as secretary 
of state, but his mere suggestion of that name as an appointment gives credence to the 
statement that Graham was "particularly close to the intelligence community."  Knowing 
Bruce's inclinations, it is more accurate to say "British intelligence."
It is unknown 
whether Andre Meyer was an advisor to Phil Graham, though both lived at the Carlyle 
Hotel in the last months before Graham died.  When Phil Graham "committed suicide" in 
August 1963�a mere  three months before Kennedy was assassinated�Katherine Graham, 
Eugene Meyer's daughter, inherited both the Washington Post and Newsweek.  She then 
turned to Lazard Freres' Andre Meyer for advice.  She is quoted by Andre's biographer 
as saying:

"I was very unsure of myself, and most unsure of myself in the business 
world at that point.  And so it was nice to have this tycoon friend who would talk 
business with me.  It helped build my ego�the fact that Andre liked me and invited me 
to lunch and sort of treated me as an equal."
She turned over half her personal 
investment portfolio to Andre Meyer and Lazard, which in 1971 also took the Post 
public.  Warren Buffet later bought a significant amount of Post stock�enough to be 
invited to join the board as a director, despite Andre's warning her to be suspicious 
of Buffet's motives.  During the Watergate exposes by the Post, Andre cautioned her to 
"be very careful," Graham has revealed.  "He was worried about my personal safety, and 
he obviously knew something."  This, of course, was almost a decade after the JFK 
assassination, and more will be said about what Phil Graham knew about Kennedy 
subsequently.
Graham's purchase in 1960 of Averell Harriman's 12% interest in Newsweek 
and the controlling interest from the Vincent Astor Foundation, financed by a loan 
from Prudential, occurred only a few short years after his investment in George Bush's 
oil company.  It tells us a great deal about who actually controlled Bush.  Prudential 
was an insurance company established by Scottish Presbyterian/Quaker actuaries in New 
Jersey who sold the first life insurance in the American colonies. They are members of 
the same families who controlled the British Assets Trust, the other investor in 
Bush-Overbey procured by Brown Brothers, Harriman.
  
In October 1963 Kennedy 
appointed Andre Meyer to the foreign-investor task force.  He continued in this role 
under Johnson and was additionally appointed to a presidential study group in May 1965 
chaired by C. Douglas Dillon, former Treasury Secretary, to look into international 
monetary reform.  Meyer did not start to become close to Johnson until 1966 as a 
result of economic problems with the French.  Johnson's relationship grew closest 
after LBJ announced that he would not run for reelection in 1968, at which point Meyer 
began advising Johnson on his personal finances (the payoff for stepping aside to 
leave the road clear for Nixon?).  Lazard Freres was "Chase's prime investment 
banker."  After JFK's assassination, Andre also became close to Jackie Kennedy, 
advising her on how to invest, at the same time he was having regular meetings with 
Katherine Graham when she was taking over Phil's estate after his "suicide."

4.  
British Assets Trust, Ltd.
Considering the fact that Lazard Brothers was controlled by 
officials in the British government, one is not surprised to find that George Bush's 
other large investor in Bush-Overbey was British Assets Trust, Ltd., an investment 
company whose directors interlocked with the management of companies associated with 
Lord Kindersley, such as Hudson's Bay Company.  The chairman of British Assets Trust 
in 1956 was J.G.S. Gammell in Edinburgh, Scotland, and in 1985 by J.C.R. Inglis, a 
partner in Shepherd & Wedderburn, WS, an Edinburgh law firm.  Inglis was also a 
director of The Royal Bank of Scotland Group, Scottish Provident Institution for 
Mutual Life Assurance, Edinburgh American Assets Trust and Atlantic Assets Trust, as 
well as chairman of European Assets, N.V.,  Gammell also had served as director of The 
Royal Bank of Scotland Group, as did such other notables as The Right Hon. Lord 
Balfour of Burleigh, The Right Hon. Lord Clydesmuir and The Right Hon. Lord Polwarth.  
Polwarth, incidentally, began serving as a director of the Halliburton Company, parent 
of Brown & Root, in 1974. 

A brief synopsis of the history of British investment 
trusts is given in a book about British investment in American railroads before 1900:

"Except for the International Financial Society, which dated from the early 1860's and 
was set up as a financial company, not an investment trust, the first of these new 
institutions was the Foreign and Colonial Government Trust established in 1868 
[according to a March 20, 1868 article in The Times].  This company was very 
successful and soon had a number of imitators.  In 1873 the five trustees of the 
Foreign and Colonial Government Trust [Lord Westbury, Lord Eustace Cecil, G.M.W. 
Sandford, G.W. Currie, and Philip Rose] set up the first trust company specifically 
devoted to investment in American railway securities, the American Investment 
Trust�.In April the most famous of all these companies, the Scottish American 
Investment Trust, was inaugurated.  The trustees were: James S. Fleming, cashier of 
the Royal Bank of Scotland; James Syne, manager, British Linen Co.; W.J. Duncan, 
manager, National Bank of Scotland; and William Thomas Thomson, manager, Standard Life 
Assurance Co�.Most of these companies also engaged in various other financial 
operations.  They not only undertook the flotation of American railway shares but also 
bought and sold on such short terms that their operations came perilously close to the 
borderline of speculation.  Nevertheless, the investors were highly satisfied with the 
returns.  The trustees also profited, especially from the founders' shares.  Moreover, 
there were also intangible profits.  The group of men who made up the trustees of 
these various companies became a power in the City."

The International Financial 
Society (IFS) was a syndicate formed by all the major investment bankers in London in 
order to purchase the stock of the Hudson's Bay Company so that land grants could be 
given to the stockholders of the transcontinental railroad in lieu of cash.  The IFC 
investors sold Hudson's Bay stock to repay themselves.  The Scottish American trust 
was a similar syndicate of Scottish investors to purchase American railroad 
securities.  Eventually the trusts adventured into utilities,  industries related to 
railroads�such as lumber, steel and tank car manufacturing�and into the oil and gas 
industries.  Interlocked with the management of these trusts are the boards of the 
Scottish shipping, brewery and distilling interests which also sat on the boards of 
the Scottish and Canadian banks, as well as the London banks.  Prudential and British 
Assets Trust wanted to make big dividends for their investors, and they relied on 
their field agents to find lucrative businesses in need of venture capital.  That was 
how Dresser Industries was funded.  But the participants and agents became greedy.  
They wanted larger and larger cuts of the profits.

ZAPATA OFF-SHORE AND THE JFK 
ASSASSINATION
Zapata Petroleum was first formed in 1953.  By his own account, George 
Bush moved to Houston at a point in 1959 when Zapata Petroleum spun off its 
subsidiary, Zapata Off-Shore [ZOS], each corporation buying out the other's interest. 
The parent corporation was formed by investors provided by Brown Brothers, Harriman 
(whom George represented) and by Bill and Hugh Liedtke, the sons of the Oklahoma 
general counsel to the Mellons' Gulf Oil Corp.  As a member of Houston's petroleum 
community, Bush made contact with other members of the same fondi class of 
businessmen, including:  (1) W.S. Farish�an heir to a fortune in Standard Oil of New 
Jersey and Sears Roebuck stock�invested through his family's investment banks; (2) 
James A. Baker III�whose family had control of Rice University's endowment, the law 
firm of Baker & Botts and the Howard Hughes corporations and foundation; and (3) 
Robert Mosbacher�wildcat oilman and land developer.  
Zapata Offshore set up its 
headquarters in the Houston Club Building, the building which also housed the offices 
of investor W.S. Farish III of Underwood Neuhaus & Co.  After the split from the 
Liedtkes' company, Bush entered into a joint venture with Jorge Diaz Serrano in a 
Mexican drilling company called Permargo, which received lucrative contracts from 
Pemex.  Serrano became Pemex head in 1975, but in 1983 was convicted of defrauding the 
Mexican government.  Jonathan Kwitny, the investigative reporter checking into the 
story, discovered that Zapata's corporate records from 1960 to 1966, stored at the 
SEC, had been "inadvertently destroyed" shortly after Bush became U.S. Vice-President.

1.  Dresser Industries
  In 1961, shortly after George Bush moved to Houston, his 
company joined a consortium with Dresser Industries and General Dynamics to bid on the 
Mohole Project, which was awarded to Brown & Root.   In 1950 Dresser Industries had 
relocated its headquarters to Dallas with a large branch office in Houston--the center 
of the oil and gas industry.  Before the 1961 bid Dresser  had rejected the 
opportunity to acquire Brown & Root, whose chairman, Herman Brown, was the organizer 
of Houston's own political action committee; Herman's brother George R. Brown, was for 
many years head of the Rice Institute board of governors and was Lyndon Johnson's 
biggest contributor and fund-raiser.  The Rice board controlled the assets and 
companies of Howard Hughes, not the least important of which was the patent for the 
three-cone rolling cutter rock bit.  According to the history of Dresser, written by 
Darwin Payne:

A lawyer and inventor named Howard R. Hughes, father of an even more 
famous son who by now had expanded the family enterprises into the motion picture and 
aircraft industries, had invented this unique bit, with three revolving cutting 
elements, before World War I.  It was one of the most important contributions of the 
century to the art of drilling.  The company he formed, Hughes Tool Company, now 
controlled some 80 percent of the bit business.  Dresser inquired into the possibility 
of acquiring the company, sought persistently but in vain to win an audience with the 
younger Hughes, and finally realized that the firm was not available under any 
circumstances.  Neither was the second most important company in the field, Reed 
Roller Bit, although a deal had seemed imminent until its principal owner balked at 
the last moment.

2.  W.S. Farish III
So Dresser had to settle for the third company, 
a small one in Whittier, California.  Reed Roller Bit, incidentally, was also 
controlled by the same group in control of the Hughes empire�the Rice and Farish 
families in Houston, whose lawyers were the Bakers.  The patent for the Reed bit was 
filed in 1913, and the company which manufactured it was begun four years later by 
Niels Esperson and one other stockholder.  All the stock was purchased in 1925 by a 
syndicate formed by Stephen Farish, brother of W.S. Farish.  The only other member of 
the syndicate named in the February 19, 1950 Houston newspaper article was M.W. 
Mattison, a man whose named has often been found in conjunction with the Masonic Lodge 
in Houston.  Prior to the investment in Reed Roller Bit, Steve Farish had formed 
Navarro Oil Co., which was sold in 1945 to Continental Oil Co.  Steve Farish was 
married to Lottie Baldwin Rice, sister of Kate Rice Neuhaus and cousin of Libbie Rice 
Farish.

With Zapata Offshore as a cover, Bush could easily have been working as a 
covert intelligence operative during the 1960s.  One declassified document which 
evidences that is a November 29, 1963 memorandum from J. Edgar Hoover to the Director 
of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research at the U.S. State Department for the 
purpose of relaying information regarding the reaction of the anti-Casto Cuban 
community in Florida to the John Kennedy assassination.  The memo states as follows:

An informant who has furnished reliable information in the past and who is close to a 
small pro-Castro group in Miami has advised that these individuals are afraid that the 
assassination of the President may result in strong repressive measures being taken 
against them and, although pro-Castro in their feelings, regret the assassination.
The 
substance of the foregoing information was orally furnished to Mr. George Bush of the 
Central Intelligence Agency and Captain William Edwards of the Defense Intelligence 
Agency on November 23, 1963, by Mr. W. T. Forsyth of this Bureau.

3.  United Fruit 
Company
Bush soon made contacts with Houston politicos, and, even though he says he 
was invited by George Brown to run as a Democrat for U.S. Senate in 1964, Bush became 
Texas chair of the GOP and, encouraged by party stalwarts Peter O'Donnell and Thad 
Hutcheson, he ran as a Republican against Democratic Senator Ralph Yarborough.  After 
being defeated in that race, however, Bush had "been bitten by another bug," and 
resigned in February 1966 as chairman and CEO of Zapata to run for Congress full-time. 
  Bush was later appointed National GOP Chairman and served during the same time Texan 
Robert Strauss was chair of the Democratic Party�helping to ensure Nixon's election in 
1968.
At the end of 1976 Zapata Off-Shore was still an independently owned subsidiary 
of Zapata Corporation, but apparently there were plans in the works to merge back into 
the parent during 1977.  By that time the Liedtke brothers had already moved into 
Pennzoil; though Zapata and Pennzoil were located in the same office complex in 
Houston, they had separate management.   It is impossible to tell from reading the SEC 
reports whether Bush retained his stock in Zapata and, if so, how much he had.  It is 
clear from newspaper articles, however, in what direction Zapata was moving by 1968.  
According to a January 20, 1969 Houston Chronicle article by Albert T. Collins, Zapata 
Norness, Inc. (formerly Zapata Off-Shore) had been seeking to acquire United Fruit Co. 
stock by offering to exchange one share of convertible stock for every share of United 
Fruit stock tendered to it. A competing offer to purchase stock had been made by AMK 
Corp., which was recommended by officers of the fruit company.  The following week, 
after Zapata had already received almost 31,000 shares, AMK Corp.'s chairman, E.M. 
Black, and Zapata Norness reached an agreement whereby AMK would pay Zapata $3.8 
million to withdraw from competition for United Fruit.  AMK would buy all United Fruit 
stock which Zapata had purchased, in cash up to $3 million and would execute a 
promissory note for any amount in excess of the $3 million, payable at 6-7/8% interest 
in 10 equal annual installments.  
The purchase of United Fruit makes much more sense, 
however, when viewed in light of Dresser's other connections. The Harriman crew had 
installed Yale Skull and Bones colleague, Neil Mallon, as president of Dresser, when 
he appeared in town for a visit after spending six months in the "European Alps," 
presumably in Switzerland�getting an indoctrination in high finance.  Mallon's  
grandfather had been a Cincinnati judge, his father a lawyer  with connections to 
President Taft.   Mallon himself had an abiding interest in world cooperation�active 
in Cleveland's Council on World Affairs while Dresser was headquartered there, and 
then establishing a branch in Dallas as soon as the company relocated in 1950.  The 
Council was his "chief outside interest."

In connection with this interest, Mallon 
hired a man named Hans Bernd Gisevius to work on a worldwide economic development 
program called the "Institute on Technical Cooperation."   Gisevius, an Abwehr (German 
Intelligence) member stationed at the German consulate in Zurich, was a friend of 
Allen Dulles, who served as head of U.S. intelligence in Switzerland from December 
1942 until the war ended.  While in Switzerland Dulles began a long-lasting love 
affair with a woman named Mary Bancroft, whom he asked in 1943 to translate a book 
about the Third Reich which Gisevius had written.  Gisevius and some of his Abwehr 
associates had planned the July 20th plot to kill Hitler with the idea of forming an 
alliance with Britain and the U.S. against Russia.  His group, like Dulles, was 
anti-Nazi and anti-Communist, "but not necessarily anti-fascist."

Dulles' mistress, 
Mary Bancroft, had previously been married to a man named Sherwin Badger, a Harvard 
graduate whose first job had been in the head office of United Fruit in Cuba.  After a 
year in Cuba he became a journalist in Boston, later moving to the Wall Street Journal 
and Barron's in New York, both of which were published by Mary's stepfather, Clarence 
Walker Barron.  Mary also had a long friendship with George Lymon Paine and Ruth 
Forbes Paine, whose son Michael Paine and his wife Ruth befriended Marina Oswald the 
year prior to John Kennedy's assassination.  The Paines were from Boston and both had 
family trees tying them to the United Fruit Co.�through Michael's mother (a niece of 
W. Cameron Forbes) and his father (a descendant of Thomas Dudley Cabot, a former 
president of United Fruit).  Michael's uncle, Eric Schroeder, was a friend and 
investment associate of geologist Everette DeGolyer and a cousin of Alexander "Sandy" 
Forbes, former director of United Fruit who "belonged to the elite Tryall Golf Club 
retreat in Jamaica with former DeGolyer associate Paul Raigorodsky�"

Everett 
DeGolyer, the famous geologist, who spent his entire career working for the Pearson 
oil companies�and thus had close ties to Lazard Brothers�was also a director of 
Dresser Industries. He had begun his career employed by Mexican Eagle Oil Co., owned 
by Sir Weetman Pearson, who called him to London in 1918 to sell Mexican Eagle to 
Royal Dutch Shell.   The proceeds from the sale were invested by Pearson in the 
creation of a new oil company founded and operated by De Golyer in 1919 called Amerada 
(some years later merged into Amerada Hess).  After he retired from the oil business 
to become an owner of Saturday Review, DeGolyer still maintained an office in Houston 
and was well-known in the Houston and Dallas petroleum clubs frequented by Bush and 
Liedtke.  One of DeGolyer's daughters married George C. McGhee, a U.S. State 
Department official, who was present in May 1954 at the first Bilderberg meeting with 
George Ball, David Rockefeller, Prince Bernhard of Holland and Dr. Joseph Retinger.  
McGhee later served as a trustee of the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies, 
established by the Anglo-American establishment to shape the "limits to growth" 
agenda.  By that time McGhee had left the State Department to become a director of 
Mobil Oil, the company which absorbed Magnolia Oil Company,  which played a very 
strategic part in the Kennedy assassination, as will be shown in the next few pages.  
Magnolia Petroleum Co., incidentally, as an unincorporated joint stock association 
with offices in Galveston, acquired a tract of land in downtown Houston in 1926 from 
the trustees of the Walter Browne Botts Estate�one of the founding attorneys of Baker 
& Botts.  This tract later became the site of the First City National Bank.

According 
to an affidavit on file in the Harris County Real Property Records, the DeGolyer 
family were the principal shareholders in a Delaware corporation called J.S. Michael 
Co.  In the mid-fifties J.S. Michael and a man named Grover J. Geiselman, Jr. began 
purchasing land from Italians near the corner of Westheimer and Post Oak, not far from 
Michel Halbouty's one-storey office building.  The other buyers in the area were all 
people who got rich in the East Texas oil fields�R.E. Bob Smith (and his wife Vivian), 
the Ginthers and Gulf Interstate Oil Co.  In 1951 the General Geophysical Co. bought 3 
acres from Sam Lopresti at Post Oak and W. Alabama, and an adjacent tract was 
purchased somewhat later by a company called Seismic Exploration, which received 
financing from Rice University, which had also made a loan to Halbouty.  The president 
of the Rice Board was George R. Brown of Brown & Root.  Seismic sold to Gulf 
Interstate in 1963, approximately one week before Kennedy's assassination.  In 1967 
Neiman-Marcus Realty Co.  mortgaged its leasehold in this tract, among others, to the 
Republic National Bank in Dallas.  Other parties involved in the Galleria investment 
included the heirs of oil men Jim and Wesley West, which included Mrs. William 
Blakemore of Midland and Mrs. Lloyd.

The DeGolyers' investment stayed in their name 
until 1967, when title went into Hallmark-Hollyhurst Corp.  The McGhees signed the 
deed in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany, and Dorothy DeGolyer Arnold and her husband, 
General Milton W. Arnold, signed in Loudoun County, Virginia.  Another tract which 
they had conveyed earlier to Stephen T. Cochran, as trustee, was quitclaimed to him in 
1971 by Gulf Oil Co., then conveyed to a limited partnership called San Felipe, Ltd. 
and sold to Kalker Co, a New Jersey corporation, which had its office in New York.  
That tract is now occupied by the Marriott Hotel and U.S. Home Corp.
The head of 
United Fruit in 1969 was Eli Black, successor of Samuel Zemurray, a Romanian from the 
same province as Edgar Bronfman's grandfather.  United Fruit was traditionally 
financed by New York and Boston banks, which installed their bankers in top management 
positions of the company.  Allen Dulles was a Wall Street lawyer who represented such 
banks. After the 1954 Guatemalan coup in which the CIA was heavily involved, Walter 
Bedell Smith, head of the CIA, became a United Fruit director and Allen Dulles, who 
had been president of United Fruit, replaced Smith at the CIA.  At that time the 
DuPont family also had a large investment in United Fruit.  DuPont's significance will 
become more apparent in connection with the following section on the Bronfman 
interests in Conoco.

4.  Paravicini Bank and Permindex
In the same year that Zapata 
and Pennzoil were moving toward hostile takeovers, a new Swiss bank opened in Houston 
with J. Hugh Liedtke and George Bush's securities adviser, W.S. Farish III, among the 
directors.  Called "Bank for Investment and Credit Berne" (BICB), its stock was owned 
by Capital National Bank and Paravicini Bank, but investors included Seagrams, Boeing, 
Minute Maid in Zurich, the London subsidiary of Brown and Root and the Schlesinger 
Organization of London and Johannesburg.  These investors are more than interesting in 
light of the fact that Paravicini is a descendant of the Venetian Pallavicini family, 
whose attorney in Rome, Carlo d'Amelio, was the general counsel to Centro Mondiale 
Commerciale (CMC), the Italian arm of Permindex.  CMC was incorporated in Berne 
Switzerland, and D'Amelio sat on the board of directors during the time that Seagrams' 
attorney, Louis Mortimer Bloomfield of Montreal, was chairman of Permindex.  When the 
role of CMC in the attempted assassination of President DeGaulle of France was 
discovered, it fled Europe and re-emerged in Johannesburg, South Africa.  However, the 
parent company, Permindex, continued to be managed from Montreal by Bloomfield.  Clay 
Shaw, the man prosecuted in New Orleans by Jim Garrison for his role in the Kennedy 
assassination, was also a board member of CMC, with which his International Trade Mart 
had connections.

According to a 1970 report called "The Torbitt Document," a 
compilation of information gathered by a Texas attorney from "court-approved and 
documented evidence" from sources in the U.S. Customs Department and the Narcotics 
Bureau, from the Warren Commission and the Garrison investigations, Bloomfield's 
Permindex Corp. supervised five subsidiary groups:
(1) "White Russian" organization 
called the Solidarists--members Ferenc Nagy of Dallas (former Hungarian premier) and 
Jean De Menil of Houston (head of Schlumberger);
(2)  American Council of 
Churches--H.L. Hunt organization;
(3)       Free Cuba Committee--Carlos Prio Soccaras 
(Cuban ex-president);
(4)     "The Syndicate"--Clifford Jones and Bobby Baker working 
with Joe Bonanno Mafia family;
(5)      NASA's Security Division--Werner Von Braun, 
headquarters in Redstone Arsenal in Muscle Shoals, Alabama and on East Broad Street in 
Columbus, Ohio.

The Kennedy assassination was planned and carried out by Division 
Five of the FBI, which acted in conjunction with the Defense Intelligence Agency under 
the control of the Joint Chiefs.  These divisions had a highly secret police agency 
called the Defense Industrial Security Command, which also worked with NASA, the 
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), USIA and weapons and ammunition supply corporations 
(munitions makers) which contract with those agencies.  The police force originated in 
the 1930's to work for the Tennessee Valley Authority, then expanded to the AEC, tying 
it in with army intelligence.  Agents of this force included Clay Shaw, Guy Bannister, 
David Ferrie, Lee Harvey Oswald, Jack Ruby and others, and was headed up by 
Bloomfield.  According to this report:

The principal financiers of Permindex were a 
number of U.S. oil companies, H.L. Hunt, Clint Murchison, John De Menil, Solidarist 
director of Houston, John Connally, as executor of Sid Richardson estate, Haliburton 
[sic] Oil Co., Sen. Robert Kerr of Okla., Troy Post of Dallas, Lloyd Cobb of New 
Orleans, Dr. Oechner of New Orleans, George and Herman Brown of Brown & Root, Attorney 
Roy M. Cohn, Chairman of the Board for Lionel Corp., New York City, Schenley 
Industries of New York City, Walter Dornberger, ex-Nazi general and his company, Bell 
Aerospace, Pan American World Airways and its subsidiary, Intercontinental Hotel 
Corp., Paul Raigorodsky of Claiborne Oil of New Orleans, Credit Suisse of Canada, and 
Heineken's Brewery of Canada and a host of other munitions makers and NASA contractors 
directed by the Defense Industrial Security Command.

5.  Permindex and Seagrams
Roy 
Cohn was a very close friend of Lewis Rosenstiel, who was in turn a friend of Sam 
Bronfman.  Bloomfield was also president of Heineken of Canada.  What these companies 
seem to have in common is their shareholders, directors and financiers.  They are the 
same persons who invested in Bush-Overbey, Zapata and Dresser Industries through the 
investment trusts they controlled. The 1992 edition of Dope, Inc. has this to say 
about the banks involved:
Both Seagram's (and its old Prohibition rum-running partner, 
Hudson's Bay) are interlocked through a maze of contacts with all five of the big 
Canadian chartered banks:  the Bank of Montreal, the Royal Bank of Canada, the Bank of 
Nova Scotia, the Toronto Dominion Bank, and  the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce.  
Thus, the dirty money gleaned from the drug trade is conduited through these banks to 
points further south:  The banks' offshore centers in the Caribbean, and from there 
the money makes its whirlpool round of worldwide laundering.

The chairman of this 
Houston-based international investment bank, BICB, whose investors included Seagrams 
and the Schlesinger mining interests in South Africa, was Johan F. (Fred) Paravicini.  
Vice-chairman was L.F. McCollum, Sr.�a long-time Humble Oil employee, who headed 
Conoco and founded Capital National Bank of Houston in 1965.  The bank's president was 
Baker Lovett, cousin of James A. Baker III, and grandson of the first president of 
Rice University, Odell Lovett, a friend of Woodrow Wilson at Princeton.  In an 
interview with the Houston Post, Baker stated that his experience of 15 years in 
banking indicated that Houston had a relatively short supply of money, and that 
venture capital had to come from New England�from "more mature economies." He believed 
a bank "should dedicate a portion of its resources to relatively risky situations 
because it's those which sometimes really pay off." As the 1980s showed, however, it 
was also that type of investment that resulted in the bailout of the savings and loan 
industry.
In addition to its investment in the BICB set up by Conoco's chairman, 
Seagrams also owned a great deal of stock in Conoco and caused a major eruption with 
DuPont in 1981 over who would control the company.  Seagrams was interested in Conoco 
because it owned a 53% interest in Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas Co. in Canada.  Since it 
had recently received $2.3 billion cash profit from the sale of Sunoco stock, with 
which it had tried and failed to purchase control of DuPont's St. Joe Minerals, the 
Scottish-financed liquor barons at Seagrams saw another chance to grab something 
prized by the New Englanders�control of Conoco.
In 1969 W.S. Farish III was 31 years 
old and was a partner in the investment companies of Underwood Neuhaus and W.S. Farish 
& Co., through which he handled millions of dollars of his family's wealth in addition 
to George Bush's blind trust.  Farish was also serving as president of a company 
called Fluorex, an international mineral and exploration company, and in 1973 also 
became a director of Houston Natural Gas.  He was the only grandson of one of the 
founders of Humble Oil, W.S. Farish, Sr., who had been chairman of Standard Oil of New 
Jersey prior to World War II.  W.A. Harriman & Co. helped Jersey Standard finance a 
merger with I.G. Farben, the German chemical corporation which manufactured the gas 
used to exterminate so many Jews.

Lehman Brothers, which had an office in Capital 
National Bank's building at 1300 Main�on the same floor, incidentally, as George 
Bush's friend (and later, Commerce Secretary, Robert Mosbacher), was represented on 
the board of the Capital National and its international investment branch.  One 
director was Lehman Brothers partner, John B. Carter, Jr., and another was director 
I.H. "Denny" Kempner III, heir to the Imperial Sugar fortune, whose brother was a 
Lehman representative in Houston.

The Kempner brothers' mother was Mary Carroll 
Kempner, a granddaughter of W.T. Carter and sister of W.T. Carter, Jr., whose wife was 
Lillie Neuhaus, making them first cousins of Victor J. Carter.  Lillie was a niece of  
C.L. Neuhaus and W. Oscar Neuhaus, the founders of Neuhaus & Co. (later Underwood 
Neuhaus).  Oscar's son, Hugo, married Kate Rice, Libbie Farish's cousin, and after 
W.S. and Libbie's son died in 1943, their daughter-in-law, Mary Wood Farish, married 
Kate Neuhaus' son.  The Oscar Neuhaus who became trustee for the wealthy Cullen family 
and secretary of a joint venture between Dresser and Cullen interests, was a key 
member of the Neuhaus/Farish banking interests�which thus had control of 
Cullen/Dresser real estate matters in downtown Houston. This relationship resulted in 
the construction of a complex of office buildings in the southwest part of downtown 
leased to Dresser, Cullen/Frost Bank, Enron, Oppenheimer & Co. and assorted other 
interesting companies. The Carter family also were investment bankers in Houston.
Still another director of Capital Bank was Bill Barziza, a descendant of Decimus et 
Ultimus Barziza, founder of Houston Land & Trust, which has since merged into First 
International Bank.  This ancestor was the son of a Venetian count and French-Canadian 
mother, born in Williamsburg, Virginia, who, during the Civil War, had been captured 
at Gettysburg and smuggled through the Confederate underground to Canada where he was 
returned to Houston via the blockade route through Bermuda.

The decision to form a 
partnership with Paravicini may have also been influenced by another Lehman 
representative�William Mellon Hitchcock--grandson of William Larimer Mellon, founder 
of Gulf Oil, and nephew of banker Andrew Mellon.  Bush's partners in Zapata were the 
sons of William Liedtke, Sr.�one of the "highest ranking lawyers in Gulf Oil Corp." 
Billy Mellon Hitchcock worked from 1961 to 1967 for "his father's mentor," Bobby 
Lehman of Lehman Brothers in Manhattan.  Fred Paravicini began an illegal trading 
relationship with Billy in 1965, for which they were not indicted until 1973�Hitchcock 
in February and Paravicini in June.  Hitchcock pled guilty in April.  He then appears 
to have disappeared from sight.
What Hitchcock shows us is a classic fondi member, 
educated at Harvard, trained at Lazard Brothers during Lord Cowdray's tenure, who 
while vacationing in Venice, is recruited to work for CIA-connected investment bank 
with connections to the Bronfman family by a member of his father's polo team!  How 
did he manage to get caught?  These people never get caught.  But what was never 
followed up on was how Hitchcock and Paravicini were connected to Conoco, Seagrams, 
Standard Oil, Brown & Root and the Schlesinger mines in Johannesburg.  These 
connections lead straight to Permindex, the Bronfmans and to the Dallas oil men 
funding the JFK assassination.  They also lead to George Bush through W.S. 
Farish�investor of his blind trust.

6.  The Pearson Group and Texas oil men
Although 
it has never been proven that Farish, Liedtke or George Bush had any background in 
intelligence operations before Bush was appointed director of the CIA by Gerald Ford 
in 1976, an inference can be made just by reviewing the associations that existed in 
the Texas oil community in the 1960s. Billy's training as an investment banker had 
taken place at the English branch of Lazard Freres, which has been shown to be closely 
tied to one of George Bush's original investors, Eugene Meyer, and to Everett 
DeGolyer, a Dresser director who had spent most of his career working for Sir Weetman 
Pearson (Viscount Cowdray). DeGolyer left his job at Amerada Petroleum in New York and 
moved to Dallas where he established a geological consulting firm called DeGolyer and 
MacNaughton and served from 1954 until his death in 1956 on the board of Dresser 
Industries in Dallas.  He was replaced on the board by his partner, Lewis W. 
MacNaughton, who remained until 1969. 

Lewis MacNaughton was also a director of 
Empire Trust, a company whose largest single holding of stock was comprised of 
Loeb-Lehman, Bache and Bronfman holdings, in which Edgar Bronfman became a director in 
1963.  Edgar Bronfman, Sr. married the daughter of John L. Loeb (Loeb, Rhoades), who 
was himself married to a Lehman.  A vice-president of Empire Trust in Dallas was Jack 
Crichton (also president of Nafco Oil & Gas, Inc.) who was connected with Army Reserve 
Intelligence.   In a 1995 book written by Fabian Escalante, the chief of a Cuban 
counterintelligence unit during the late 1950s and early 1960s, he describes that as 
soon as intelligence was received from agents in Cuba that Fidel Castro had "converted 
to communism," a plan called "Operation 40" was put into effect by the National 
Security Council, presided over by Vice-President Richard Nixon.  Escalante indicates 
that Nixon:

"was the Cuban "case officer" who had assembled an important group of 
businessmen headed by George Bush and Jack Crichton, both Texas oilmen, to gather the 
necessary funds for the operation.  Nixon was a prot�g� of Bush's father Preston [sic] 
who in 1946 had supported Nixon's bid for Congress.  In fact, Preston Bush was the 
campaign strategist that brought Eisenhower and Nixon to the presidency of the United 
States.  With such patrons, [Tracy] Barnes was certain that failure was impossible."

According to Peter Dale Scott, Crichton arranged for Marina Oswald to have Ilya 
Mamantov as her interpreter when she was questioned after Oswald's arrest.  Mamantov 
also taught scientific Russian classes at Magnolia Oil Co. Lee and Marina Oswald first 
met the Paines at a party at the home of Richard Pierce and Everett Glover where 
practically all the guests worked for Magnolia Oil. The guests included a German named 
Volkmar Schmidt who came to Dallas in 1961 to do geological research at Magnolia's 
laboratories in nearby Duncanville. 

MacNaughton's personal accountant was George 
Bouhe, who also worked at the Tolstoy Foundation with Paul Raigorodsky�a man involved 
with the National Alliance of Solidarists.  Bouhe was closely tied to George 
DeMohrenschildt, who later became famous as the White Russian assigned to "handle" Lee 
Harvey Oswald in Dallas. It was DeMohrenschildt who had taken the Oswalds to a party 
where they met Volkmar Schmidt, and then a later party at the same house where they 
met Michael Paine.  DeMohrenschildt was also the one in charge of getting Marina a 
place to stay at Ruth Paine's home, and it was Ruth Paine who found Oswald the job at 
the book depository office in the building owned by Jack Crichton's friend.  
DeMohrenschildt also was involved with the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia in 
Dallas which received subsidies from the Baird Foundation, which was determined to be 
a CIA conduit by the Patman House Select Committee hearings [cf. New York Times, March 
5, 1967, p. 36].

DeMohrenschildt immigrated to the U.S. in 1938, having been involved 
in espionage with the OSS and probably with the Nazis.  He had a doctorate in commerce 
from the University of Liege, Belgium, when he came to the United States at age 27 
where his brother Dmitry was a professor at Dartmouth, having degrees from Columbia 
and Yale.  While visiting his brother and American sister-in-law at Bellport, near 
East Hampton, on the eastern, ocean tip of Long Island, DeMohrenschildt met many 
influential people, including stockbroker Jack and Janet Bouvier (Jackie's parents).  
He was also a friend of Margaret Clark Williams, whose family had vast land holdings 
in Louisiana, who gave him a letter of introduction to Humble Oil.  DeMohrenschildt 
came to Texas by bus "where he got a job with Humble Oil Company in Houston, thanks to 
family connections," and, "[d]espite being friends with the chairman of the board of 
Humble," he worked as a roughneck in the Louisiana oil fields.

DeMohrenschildt came 
to Texas in 1944 and got a master's degree in petroleum geology at the University of 
Texas at Austin.  For a time he worked overseas for the Murchisons' Three States Oil 
and Gas and for Pantipec, an oil company owned by William F. Buckley, Jr.'s father 
operated in Mexico at the same time Sir Weetman Pearson (later Viscount Cowdray) and 
DeGolyer were there running the Mexican Eagle.  In fact, Buckley and his brother were 
the attorneys for the Mexican oil companies after their properties were taxed 
illegally by the Mexican government.  According to William Engdahl, Pearson worked for 
British Secret Intelligence, "as did all other major British oil groups."   They had 
financed and put in power the regime of General Victoriano Huerta, subsequently 
overthrown by President Woodrow Wilson, who was supporting the objectives of Standard 
Oil in attempting to take from Britain at least a portion of its concessions for half 
of Mexico's oil.  The U.S. under Rockefeller cover sent money and arms to Carranza.

7.  Eugene Meyer, Phil Graham and the Drug Conspiracy
Eugene Meyer had placed the 
Washington Post in Phil Graham's name, rather than Katherine's, and Newsweek was 
acquired at the outset in Phil's name.  But he was not free to print the truth.  It is 
clear from looking at the list of bidders at the 1933 auction at which Eugene Meyer 
acquired the Post, that British interests were going to end up in control of a very 
important part of the American media.  In his heyday, Phil Graham had been the liaison 
between the Kennedys and Lyndon Johnson. In 1956 Graham had worked in Johnson's 
campaign after initially supporting Adlai Stevenson.  Phil allegedly designed 
Johnson's "Great Society" during the 1956 campaign, and then continued the connection 
with Johnson in the Senate, acting as liaison with Felix Frankfurter who was still on 
the Court.  In 1960, Graham again supported Johnson, but when he saw JFK had the 
nomination, he started lobbying for Johnson as vice-president.

As Bobby Baker 
remembered the events, Johnson was told by Jack Kennedy that the people pushing him to 
put Johnson on the ticket were Joe Kennedy, Phil Graham and Joe Alsop.  The person 
most opposed was LBJ's mentor, Sam Rayburn, who objected to Johnson's leaving the 
Senate to become vice-president.  He was "worked on" by John Connally and Phil Graham. 
 When Bobby Kennedy tried to negotiate with Lyndon, Rayburn's response to Johnson was: 
 "You don't want it, you won't negotiate for it, you'll take it only if Jack drafts 
you, and you won't discuss it with anyone else."  It was Phil Graham who relayed this 
message to Jack.  Kennedy waffled somewhat before calling Graham back to confirm 
Johnson's selection, but then Graham failed to report back to Johnson.  In the 
meantime, Bobby Kennedy reported to the Johnson group that there was too much 
objection by the liberals and the offer had been withdrawn.  Bill Moyers was sent to 
find Phil Graham, who then got Jack on the phone to straighten out the 
misunderstanding.

Because of the events that unfolded later, the cover story is that, 
as early as October 1957, Phil Graham was reportedly being treated for mental 
problems.  This was somehow kept from Eugene Meyer until his death in July 1959, so 
Phil still had title to the Post.  After his father-in-law's death, however, the story 
goes, Phil's erratic behavior increased.  Carol Felsenthal, Kay Graham's biographer, 
curiously mentions that Phil's psychotic episodes became pronounced around the same 
time as "one of his closest friends," Frank Wisner, Jr. developed depression.  She 
also mentions that Phil Graham was being treated by a psychiatrist/psychoanalyst named 
Dr. Leslie Farber, who would have preferred to be a writer instead of a doctor.  It 
was Farber who in 1963 committed Phil to Chestnut Lodge, a private psychiatric 
hospital in Rockville, Maryland.

The day he was involuntarily committed, six weeks 
before his suicide, he had flown to Phoenix with his "fiancee," Robin Webb for a 
journalistic association meeting.  A Newsweek  bureau chief in Paris, Larry Collins, 
had introduced Phil Graham to Robin Webb in 1962 while Graham was in Paris working on 
a sensitive project for the government.  At a banquet he stood up, interrupting the 
speaker, and proceeded to announce that he would reveal who in Washington was sleeping 
with whom�ending with the fact that President Kennedy was having an affair with Mary 
Pinchot Meyer, wife of CIA man, Cord Meyer, Jr.
At that point Graham left the banquet 
with Robin, who shortly thereafter called Jean Friendly at home to say she desperately 
needed help because Phil was beating her up.  Why she called Katherine Graham's 
girlhood friend is not made clear.  Not only had Jean Friendly  previously alerted Dr. 
Farber to stand by to commit Phil, but President Kennedy, hearing of Phil's comments 
from newsmen at the banquet, had called Katherine to tell her he was sending the 
doctor in a military jet to Phoenix. The plane transported Phil in a straitjacket to 
Rockville, where he was "treated" for six weeks.  The day he was released on a pass, 
his body was found with his head blown off.  Dr. Farber, incidentally, "left town" 
soon after Phil Graham died, as did girlfriend Robin.  Her role is extremely 
suspicious in this matter, considering she waived all rights to Graham's estate, 
returned to Australia, refused to ever speak to the press, then went to work for 
Australia's delegation to UNESCO.  She later married an Australian ambassador in the 
foreign service.  It sounds as if this whole scene was orchestrated by British 
Intelligence.

At the same time Phil Graham was living with Robin Webb openly, JFK was 
having a more secretive affair with Mary Meyer.   It was taking place in her studio at 
the carriage house owned by Phil Graham's employee, Ben Bradlee, who had married Mary 
Meyer's sister in 1956.  A year after the marriage, Bradlee left the Paris bureau of 
Newsweek, the magazine which Graham later bought in 1960, and moved to P Street in 
Georgetown, next door to a house where the Kennedys subsequently took up residence. 
Meyer was allegedly supplying Kennedy with marijuana, who, according to her diary, 
preferred cocaine. She was murdered while jogging on October 12, 1964 by an unknown 
gunman who was never caught. Mary's CIA-agent husband, Cord, told Felsenthal that his 
wife kept a diary which, shortly before her death, she had asked her friends,  Ann and 
Jim Truitt�also a Newsweek writer with CIA connections�to find in case of her death 
and preserve for her son.  However, Ben Bradlee's wife (Mary's sister) found the diary 
and allegedly turned it over to James Jesus Angleton, CIA counterintelligence chief, 
another "family friend," who was helping in the search.
Dick Russell's book, The Man 
Who Knew Too Much, reveals more details about what was going on at the time of the 
affair.  Citing various sources, Russell says that Mary Meyer, in addition to having 
been married to one-time number-two CIA official Cord Meyer and a friend of Angleton, 
was also acquainted with Timothy Leary, who helped the CIA create the drug 
counter-culture.  Leary quoted Mary as follows:
"The guys who run things�I mean the 
guys who really run things in Washington�are very interested in psychology, and drugs 
in particular.
"These people play hardball, Timothy.  They want to use drugs for 
warfare, for espionage, for brainwashing, for control."

  Leary talked to Mary on the 
day JFK was killed.  She was crying hysterically and saying:
"They couldn't control 
him anymore.  He was changing too fast.  He was learning too much�.They'll cover 
everything up.  I gotta come see you.  I'm scared."

Leary says he never talked to her 
again.  Eleven months later she was dead.  Her diary was found in the carriage house 
where she had rendezvoused with Jack Kennedy.  Angleton says he took it to the CIA. He 
told Dick Russell in an interview on April 2, 1976 that he was acting as a family 
friend rather than as a CIA 
off�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������icial
 when he searched for the diary. Jim Truitt, another CIA man who also worked for Phil 
Graham at Newsweek, says Angleton told him he burned it.  Truitt later became the 
Newsweek bureau chief in Tokyo.
As Carol Felsenthal relates in her book, as his 
depressive moods increased, Phil had become sick of "sapless Unitarianism" and was 
increasingly drawn to Catholicism to "bring some shape and rootedness to his life�real 
religion." Phil's father had not been happy about his son's marriage to Katherine 
Meyer.  He distrusted Wall Street and Jews.  At the end of his life, Phil was coming 
around to his father's way of thinking.   While working to settle a strike involving 
the International Typographical Union against the publishers in April 1963, Phil told 
the union leader, Bertram Powers that a publisher could do anything he wanted to do 
and it wouldn't be reported.  "I can go out to Times Square right now and shit," he 
said, "and you wouldn't read a word about it in any paper."  Felsenthal emphasized how 
true that statement turned out to be the day after Graham's "brilliant" tirade in 
Phoenix, when he was physically restrained and transported by Presidential jet to the 
nuthouse.  
It was almost as if he wanted to prove his point, his self-hatred feeding 
the disdain he felt for his colleagues.  He had undoubtedly chosen to have his ugly 
breakdown practically in their laps.  With the exception of Sarah McClendon at her 
small Texas news service, no one in the country printed a word of it.

8.  Lehman 
Brothers and Billy Mellon Hitchcock
The Mellon family�another established member of 
the fondi�had, not surprisingly, close ties with the O.S.S.  London station chief 
David K.E. Bruce was married to Andrew Mellon's daughter.  Also, the Mellon uncles 
were social friends of CIA director Richard Helms during the late 60s and early 70s.  
Bobby Lehman, who gave Billy Mellon Hitchcock a job at Lehman Brothers in 1961 also 
had participated with W.A. Harriman & Co. in aviation issues  (Lehman, Tommy Hitchcock 
and Averell Harriman were on the same polo team).  Lehman Brothers also financed David 
Sarnoff's Radio Corporation of America, which served as Sir William "Intrepid" 
Stephenson's headquarters in New York until the O.S.S. was established.  Tommy 
Hitchcock's family were "gentry, a clan whose way of living 'depicted the English 
country life.'"  They had a home in Aiken, South Carolina, where Billy spent his 
visits fox hunting and playing polo.  According to Billy, his grandfather had gone to 
Oxford, and his great-grandfather had been financial editor of the New York Sun, 
married to a descendant of William Corcoran, an "eminent Georgetown financier."  Billy 
and his brother attended boarding school in South Carolina, a place run like an 
English public school.  Like George Bush, In the mid-1950s he got a job as a tool 
dresser on oil rigs in West Texas (Pecos�a short distance from Midland).  From there 
Billy went to a refinery near Vienna, Austria.  Later he became a trainee at the 
English branch of Lazard Freres.
There is no doubt Hitchcock was laundering drug 
money, a fact brought out in his testimony in the 1973 trial of LSD merchants, 
Nicholas Sand and Robert Timothy Scully.  Hitchcock also opened an account for Sand 
with Paravicini's Swiss bank and helped him set up a Liechtenstein corporation to 
acquire title to a farmhouse where the drugs were to be manufactured.  The supplies 
for the drugs came from England and were shipped directly to Hitchcock and stored in 
his safe deposit boxes in Sausalito.  Billy also helped carry and set up the equipment 
for the lab as well as hand-carrying almost $100,000 in cash to Fred in Pittsburgh.  
Billy first set up an account with Fred Paravicini in 1965, depositing investment 
profits into a numbered account at the Paravicini Bank in Berne. By 1969 Hitchcock had 
turned $25,000 into over a million by leveraging his investments with 100% margin 
loans from Paravicini.  The New York account Hitchcock managed for Fred had reputedly 
contained up to $67 million of profits made on tips Hitchcock received in connection 
with his brokerage business.  In the summer of 1969 Sand and Scully began having legal 
problems and Billy's source for raw materials to make LSD dried up.  At that point he 
sent a man named Ronald Hadley Stark to the ranch in Idylwild, California, where the 
group lived.  Stark, who took over where Billy left off in supplying products and in 
laundering profits, was later caught and imprisoned for narco-terrorism in Italy, 
defended by O.S.S. attorney Walter Sterling Surrey.

Writers made Billy Hitchcock out 
to look like a bumbling new-age hippie after he was caught, but a review of his 
background shows that not to be the case.  He had been hired at age 23 to work for 
Lehman Brothers by the head man himself, Bobby Lehman, during an "accidental" meeting 
in Venice, Italy.  Within three or four years Billy's commissions reached $250,000 a 
year, but he was not satisfied.  In late 1964 he met Sam Feranis Clapp, a Boston 
attorney and chairman of the Fiduciary Trust Company in the Bahamas, with whom he set 
up some offshore trusts.  Another of Clapp's customers was Bernie Cornfeld, who turned 
to Billy for brokerage services for the accounts of his new mutual fund, Investors 
Overseas Services at about the same time Billy began advising Paravicini in how to 
make money in the U.S. stock market without paying taxes.  In 1969 Cornfeld's IOS 
acquired Clapp's Fiduciary Trust, and Billy transferred his trust accounts into 
Capital National's new Swiss bank, BICB, in which Billy had been offered a 6% 
interest.

He had quit Lehman Brothers in 1967 to become a partner in Delafield and 
Delafield, based on the institutional account he brought in from IOS.  It was the 
Delafield bank which handled the stock for the conversion of Mary Carter Paint to 
Resorts International. In 1969 Hitchcock left Delafield.  By then he was living in 
Sausalito, California and already enmeshed in operations to spread the use of LSD 
among the youth of California.  One year after returning from his "training" at Lazard 
Brothers in England, he met Timothy Leary and leased him the Mellons' 2,600-acre 
estate in Upstate New York which had once belonged to Walter Teagle, W.S. Farish's 
predecessor as chairman of Standard Oil of New Jersey. 



POST-ZAPATA BUSINESS
Long 
before George Bush chose  Bob Mosbacher as his Secretary of Commerce in 1989 he had 
been both politically and professionally involved with him.  Mosbacher called himself 
an independent oil man in his 1970  Houston Petroleum Club photograph; he has also 
been a land developer and barge owner.  Land records in Harris County show that in the 
mid-1970's he acquired a mineral interest in a plantation in southwest Harris County 
and Fort Bend County called the Cinco Ranch, which had been acquired in 1940 by some 
of Houston's elite.  Part of the ranch was out of the William M. Rice Estate 
controlled by the governors of Rice University and their attorneys, Baker & Botts  
Another part was acquired by J.S. Abercrombie who also owned a horse ranch in 
Versailles, Kentucky just west of Lexington, acquired by him in 1946 when he sold his 
oil company to Standard Oil.  W.S. Farish III, it should be noted, owned the Lane's 
End Farm in Versailles, where it has been said Queen Elizabeth brought her mares for 
stud services.

1.  Land Development of Cinco Ranch
Through a complicated structure of 
corporations and limited partnerships, Mosbacher obtained 50% interest of Cinco Ranch 
in 1976.  His partner in this land development project was First General Realty, a 
subsidiary of First Mortgage Co.  It is this author's belief that First Mortgage was a 
subsidiary of the Scottish Mortgage and Trust Co., which was interlocked with British 
Assets Trust, one of George Bush's investors.  First General Realty also was 
affiliated with a company called General Homes, which had moved to Houston from 
Arizona and later merged with other Houston corporations.  One of the investors in 
First General was the family of Joseph Meyer, who owned a ranch adjacent to the 
southeast corner of William Rice's estate, which was developed by an elaborate 
assortment of corporations set up by the Meyers.

James Abercrombie, whose biographer 
has traced his roots back to the caretakers of Bonnie Prince Charlie in Scotland, was 
a charter member of Houston's elite oligarchy known as "the Suite 8F Crowd."  
Abercrombie acquired the Cinco Ranch in partnership with Everette DeGolyer and other 
associates with ties to the Pearson oil interests which also controlled Lazard Freres. 
 The only Jewish member of the Suite 8F crowd was Leopold Meyer, whose family, like 
Eugene and Andre Meyer, originally hailed from Alsace-Lorraine.  Leopold's entire 
family worked for his wife's brother, George Cohen, in Foley's Department Store, which 
was sold to Fred Lazarus' Federated just after World War II.  Leopold himself hated 
the dry-goods trade and preferred to devote his time to credit and finance.  As 
national chairman for the National Retail Credit Association in 1927 he introduced the 
speaker at the 1928 convention�Dr. Julius Klein, Director of the Bureau of Foreign and 
Domestic Commerce under President Hoover.  Both Meyer and Klein made speeches that 
year on the need to urge the president to continue its survey of credit conditions in 
the United States.

The writers of Dope, Inc. learned through interviews that Julius 
Klein worked directly for British Intelligence under Sir William Wiseman following the 
close of World War I.  Prior to that he was on the staff of Colonel E.M. House in the 
Woodrow Wilson administration.  He was a liaison between American intelligence, 
including J. Edgar Hoover, and Sir William Stephenson of MI-6.  He helped to encourage 
the growth of Zionist networks in the United States and served as "a principal 
background figure in recruiting of the board of directors for Permindex."  Given the 
makeup of the persons involved in the Retail Credit Association (Straus of Macy's, 
Lazarus of Federated, the Meyers and Cohens of Foley's, etc.), it is very likely Klein 
drew from this trading network which acted exactly as Lazard Freres had done when it 
was first founded in San Francisco.  A description of this type of banking has been 
given in a history of British country and colonial banks, amalgamated into Barclays 
Bank, in a book reviewed in The Economist in 1927.  This description appears at the 
end of this chapter.

2.  Mosbacher, Max Fisher, and Power Corporation 
Once he 
returned to Houston after George Bush's defeat in 1992, Mosbacher moved his energy 
company offices to 55 Waugh Drive, and in 1995 he became a 50-50 partner in the 
development of the Cinco Ranch with Max M. Fisher�a Detroit businessman and former 
recruit of Julius Klein--who became head of United Brands in 1975.  Fisher had also 
been an honorary chairman of the Bush-Quayle 1992 National Finance Committee.   
Mosbacher, Bush and Liedtke were, of course, familiar with the funding of presidential 
campaigns from their work in 1972 for Richard Nixon's Texas Committee to Re-Elect the 
President. They are "the Texans" mentioned in the "smoking gun" tape which forced 
Nixon to resign from the presidency.  The Dahlberg check from Dwayne Andreas and 
several other checks issued on a bank in Mexico were given to the Washington committee 
to deposit in Bernard Barker's hush money account in a Florida bank.  George Bush 
convinced Nixon to resign in order to prevent any further investigation into the 
source of these Texas checks.
Fisher also had ties with the Bronfmans during 
Prohibition and with Moe Dalitz as a supplier of illegal gasoline during the war and, 
later, surplus tanks and weapons systems destined for Palestine for sale on the black 
market.  In the mid-70s he also was placed in charge of United Brands, formerly known 
as United Fruit.  As mentioned previously, Zapata Off-Shore was buying stock in United 
Fruit Co. in 1969 when an agreement was made with then chairman E.M. Black to withdraw 
from bidding. It is not presently known how much of the United Fruit stock Zapata 
retained, but it appears that, in 1973, 50% of Zapata Offshore's Norwegian shipping 
subsidiary was purchased by the P&O Steamship Co. for $100 million in cash and 
short-term notes.  A competing offer by Hambros Bank acting on behalf of "an 
international group of investors," called Palmerston Holdings, headed by Norwegian 
shipowner Hilmar Reksten as chairman proposed to buy 99% of the company for $200 
million but was quickly rejected.

Both Hollywood Marine, in which Mosbacher fronted 
for Bush, and Mosbacher Energy Co., have offices at 55 Waugh Drive in the Central Bank 
& Trust Building.  This office building was constructed on land purchased in January 
1981 with $1.5 million financing from First International Bank in Houston and with 
$11.5 million in financing from Great-West Life Insurance�a subsidiary of the Power 
Corporation of Canada.  Another $26.7 million came from The Canadian Imperial Bank of 
Commerce (which amalgamated with Barclays Bank of England in January 1956).  According 
to the  Unauthorized Biography,  George Bush became chairman of the executive 
committee of First International Bank of Houston in 1977, one month after he was 
kicked out of the CIA by Jimmy Carter.  First International Bancshares was also 
represented on the board of Dresser Industries.  At the same time, he became a 
director of First International Bankshares Ltd. of London and of the holding company 
based in Dallas which was chaired by a Republican activist named Robert H. Stewart 
III.  Stewart, incidentally, has longstanding ties with the Murchison family who have 
also been closely tied to both Trizec and Bramalea, in which the Bronfmans have long 
been involved.  The Murchisons and Bronfmans are basically cut-outs for the financial 
interests which were managing the larger investment scheme.

3.  Peninsular and 
Oriental Steamship Co.
Great-West has its United States headquarters in Englewood, 
Colorado not far from where Silverado Savings in Denver was located, in the same area 
where business associates of Ned Holmes were involved with investment in the Denver 
Tech Center. The primary tenant and leasing agent in the Houston office building at 55 
Waugh--Ned S. Holmes--is chairman of the Port of Houston Authority.  In 1982 Holmes 
was trustee for Hyde Investment Company, which was dissolved and liquidated in 1987, 
the proceeds of which liquidation were used to set up a holding company through which 
several investment trusts, converted into corporations, could be managed.  This 
structure became possible after favorable tax laws were passed during the Reagan and 
Bush presidencies.  One of these trusts had its inception in 1971 as an investment 
trust called Texas First Mortgage REIT, until its reorganization in 1981 as The 
Parkway Company.  In 1980 Parkway moved its office to Jackson, Mississippi where it 
was managed in conjunction with four or five other trusts.  Trustees included  Houston 
banker George R. Farish and Leland R. Speed.  It is believed that this trust became 
Ned Holmes' partner in 1988, and from all accounts it appears that it may have been 
set up by the group which originally invested in Bush-Overbey�the British Assets 
Trust.

Ned Holmes went into partnership in 1984 with John Dick and Ray Near and a 
British company called European Ferries.  Ray Near lived in Denver at the time with a 
Denver real estate broker, Dianne Ingels, a director of both Silverado the Federal 
National Mortgage Corp.  Near worked for John Dick, a Canadian whose father was a 
Russian emigre from Holland, married to a Mennonite.  He grew up in Toronto but 
relocated to Denver.

The story is that in the mid-1970s Dick went to Barclays Bank in 
England for financing for a share in the Denver Tech Center; Barclays referred him to 
the Isle of Jersey.  Barclays was created in 1896 as a federation of Quaker family 
banks, and is still dominated by old-family banks.  Dick then became acquainted with 
the principals of the Compendium Trust and Sandsend Financial Consultants, which were 
set up in 1977 and 1978, after banker Ray Harvey and his associates left the Bank of 
Nova Scotia in the Bahamas.  This move was prompted by the expose surrounding the 
discovery by the IRS of the names of persons who had accounts at the Castle Bank & 
Trust.   The money these Jersey banks had to loan came from drug profits, as was shown 
in the criminal trial of a pilot named Jack DeVoe, whose tax attorney, Lawrence 
Freeman, was caught using the Jersey bankers to launder his client's cash.  Freeman 
had intelligence connections as well, having been trained in money laundering by Paul 
Helliwell, CIA paymaster during the Bay of Pigs.  Compendium and Sandsend were also 
involved in two schemes in Houston�one dealing with one of Houston's first malls built 
by First General Realty Corp. The other scheme involved land owned by General Homes 
Corp., a successor to First General.  Both schemes resulted in fraudulent land flips 
financed by federally-insured savings and loans; the loan proceeds were never used to 
improve the land but were sent offshore to Jersey, while the federal government had to 
bail out the depositors to the tune of hundreds of millions of dollars.  All this took 
place while George Bush was vice-president.

John Dick has a resume that hints of a 
history of drug connections.  He established the Youth for Christ International's 
headquarters in Singapore, investing the organization's $10 million trust fund from 
the Isle of Jersey.  He has owned Hoopers Royal Carriage in London, a business which 
refurbished Rolls-Royces (Sir Eric Roll was chairman of Barclays).  Through Noramco 
Holdings�incorporated in the Isle of Jersey�and another named Maral Maritime Co. 
Limited�incorporated in Cyprus�he acquired tens of millions of shares of stock in 
European Ferries. According to corporate reports, the stock controlled by Dick and 
Pauls was registered  in 1986 in the name of Barclaytrust International Limited. This 
stock was transferred on January 21, 1986 to European Financial Holdings Limited and a 
50.01% interest in that company was sold  to Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation 
Company (P&O)  for $50.7 million.  Both Dick and Pauls were placed on the board of 
European Ferries, as was Sir Jeffrey Sterling of P&O.  European Ferries had previously 
been built up by Keith Wickenden, a Tory entrepreneur who later bought Singer and 
Friedlander.  In 1981 the London Trust Company and European Ferries each owned a 20% 
interest in TVS (Television South), whose chairman was Lord Boston of Faversham.

4.   
Barrick Gold and Trizec and Power Corp.
Presently the only position George Bush holds 
in the commercial field is an advisory director of the Canadian Barrick Gold Company, 
the chairman of which�Peter Munk�has recently been involved in business with P&O in a 
hotel corporation registered in the Bahamas.  Currently, Munk is chairman of Trizec, a 
company which owns 6 million square feet of prime office space in downtown Houston, 
including the building and garage built by Dresser Industries in a joint venture with 
the Cullen Center.
Trizec was formed in 1960 by Eagle Star Insurance of Great Britain 
which owned the stock through a corporation called English Property.  This was a 
financing mechanism by which New York developer William Zeckendorf was hired to 
complete the construction of Place Ville Marie in Montreal. At the completion of the 
project, the corporation was $25 million short of paying the construction costs.  For 
this financing, they met with Jock Cotton of the Bank of England, in London, and later 
in Nassau, the Bahamas.  As a back-up, Zeckendorf also called on Kenneth Keith of the 
London merchant bank of Phillip, Hill, Higginson and Erlanger (now Hill Samuel).  
When, as it developed, the Bank of England did turn down Cotton's application to 
export capital to Canada, Bill visited Henry Moore, chairman of Phillip, Hill, 
Higginson and Erlanger.
 Over lunch at the Savoy, Moore said he felt he could get a 
clearance for the export of money to Canada and was interested in joining with us on 
the project.  Negotiations went on for many months.  Jim Muir and Lazarus [of the 
Royal Bank in Montreal] joined these talks, and the net result was that in 1960 a new 
company, Trizec Corp., jointly owned by Webb & Knapp (Canada) and a British investment 
group, took over the Montreal property, providing the new company with twenty-two 
million dollars in construction capital.
The legal documents were drafted by attorney 
Lazarus Phillips, partner of Louis Mortimer Bloomfield at the request of the Royal 
Bank's James Muir, who was brought into the deal by John McCloy, chairman of the Chase 
Bank in 1954.  Zeckendorf was very close to David Rockefeller and the Chase Bank, 
whose primary investment banker was Andre Meyer of Lazard Freres New York, who also 
did a number of financings for Zeckendorf, but usually as a last resort, since 
Zeckendorf was always so highly leveraged and Meyer exacted exorbitant interest and 
conditions to his loans.  Zeckendorf  also had contacts with Kuhn, Loeb and the Astor 
family through which he came to represent the real estate interests of British 
shareholders in railroads.  Many of his buildings (in New York, Denver and Atlanta) 
were constructed on abandoned railroad lands.  The Place Ville Marie was similarly 
built on land owned by Canadian National Railways.  It now houses the Montreal Stock 
Exchange.
Perhaps because they shared the same law firm, Edper in 1971 acquired 10% of 
Trizec. In 1976 it acquired control of Trizec's parent company, Carena Properties, by 
acquiring ownership of 80% of Carena-Bancorp. Edper is owned by Edward and Peter 
Bronfman, the first cousins of Edgar Bronfman, Sr.  Edper, Trizec, and English 
Property have interlocking directorates.  In 1979 the Reichmann brothers, who owned 
Olympia & York, took control of English Property, which then gave them a majority 
interest (but not control) in Trizec.
In 1970 there was a congressional investigation 
of the Penn Central Railroad bankruptcy which showed that in late 1963 the Great 
Southwest Corp., a  realty development company controlled by the Rockefellers and 
Wynnes, defaulted on a Teamster pension fund loan.  The conclusion of historian Peter 
Dale Scott was that "a dying publicly held corporation had been looted for the benefit 
of this major Wynne-Rockefeller investment."  Toddie Lee and Bedford Wynne were 
partners in Wynne, [Morris] Jaffe, and Tinsley, which acted as attorney and lobbyist 
for Clint Murchison, Sr.   Life Magazine on November 22, 1963 (p. 92A) named Bedford 
Wynne as a member of the "Bobby Baker set" at Washington's Q Club.  There were also 
indications, which were the subject of an army audit in 1963, that the firm was making 
political kickbacks through corporations controlled by Murchison.  Dallas Republican 
leader Robert H. Stewart III, a director of Great Southwest and later of the First 
International Bank of Dallas (George Bush's employer in 1977), had also arranged for 
questionable loans to Bobby Baker delivered by two Murchison employees (Robert 
Thompson and Thomas Webb) who made payoffs to Bobby Baker from Bedford Wynne. 
Also 
represented on the board of Barrick Gold is the chairman of Power Corp. Paul G. 
Desmarais, Sr., the ultimate parent of Great-West Life Insurance, a subsidiary of 
which owns the building built by Humble Oil in 1919.  Great-West foreclosed on a lien 
created to buy out a British Post Office fund which owned the bank while the Main Bank 
of Houston had its office there.  This bank was one of three American banks in which 
Ghaith Pharoan of Bank of Commerce and Credit International had an interest.  Located 
in the 1200 block of Main Street, it was directly across the street from the former 
Capital National Bank building mentioned in connection with the Bank of Investment and 
Credit Berne, established in conjunction with J. Fred Paravicini.
Another Barrick 
director, J. Trevor Eyton, represents the law firm Tory, Tory, DesLauriers & 
Binnington, the advisers to Edper Investments.  This firm has previously been 
represented on the board by the Hon. William G. Davis.
5.  The Bronfmans and General 
Homes
The Bronfmans have been heavily involved in Houston real estate through the 
Cadillac Fairview corporation, controlled by the Edgar Bronfman branch of the family, 
which built a major part of downtown Houston in partnership with Texas Eastern 
Transmission Co. (TETCO).  TETCO was born when a group of investors devised a way to 
make a killing off the sale of two pipelines which they had convinced the federal 
government to build at taxpayer expense.  Everette DeGolyer took credit in his 
autobiography for convincing the federal government to build the big-inch and 
little-inch pipelines to carry Texas oil to the East to aid in Britain's war effort 
before the U.S. entered the war.  The pipelines were completed before the war ended, 
but were declared to be surplus while Jesse Jones was still in Washington.  DeGolyer 
was an investor, along with George and Herman Brown of the Brown & Root Co., in the 
creation of TETCO.  They hired Peter Flanigan of Dillon Read & Co. to find other 
investors.   Flanigan, whose father controlled Manufacturers Hanover Trust, brought in 
August Belmont IV, who no doubt still had connections to the Rothschilds, to sell the 
securities, and Manny Hanny also made a loan.
Cadillac Fairview also had a major stake 
in General Homes for a few years.  In 1978--the same time Texas Eastern was making 
plans to build the downton Houston Center project�General Homes' stock was sold under 
a purchase agreement to a wholly owned Texas subsidiary of Cadillac Fairview U.S., 
Inc. On January 7, 1981 General Homes executed a loan agreement to secure $50 million 
of financing from Bank of Nova Scotia and Toronto-Dominion Bank, both Canadian 
chartered banks, and Capital Bank, N.A. of Houston.   The securities underwriting for 
the corporation was handled by Lehman Brothers.
6.  Adnan Khashoggi
The other person 
involved in Barrick is Adnan Khashoggi, arms merchant extraordinaire who played a part 
in the Iran/Contra arms trade.  As early as 1969 he was feted as a royal-connected 
guest of honor at a gathering of society-minded individuals in Houston preparing for a 
charity event.  According to a January 26, 1969 Houston Chronicle article, "His 
Excellency, Adnan Kharhoggi [sic], advisor to the King of Saudi Arabia" was the guest, 
along with Count Pierre de Mallarey of Paris, European head of Dresser-Atlas 
Industries, of the Robert V. Kings.  Mrs. King later married Robert Herring, who was 
chairman of Houston Natural Gas, as well as chairman of the Board of Governors of Rice 
University.  They had very close contact with members of the Saudi royal family.  
Robert Herring died in 1981, and she married Lloyd Davis in 1984.  Davis had lived in 
Rhodesia and was the founder of Fisk Telephone Co.  At one time Joanne owned a house 
at Lyford Cay in the Bahamas, which she sold to the Sheikh of Kuwait.
Khashoggi has an 
assortment of other contacts with Houstonians, including funding received from such 
looted federally-insured savings and loans as Lamar Savings, Mainland Savings and with 
a Murchison development project in the Galleria area which fell through.  The persons 
who controlled these institutions were members of Houston's "old families," such as 
Raymond Hill, whose father was attorney and chairman of an oil company founded by John 
Henry Kirby, which was taken over by his investors�Brown Brothers of Baltimore and 
Maryland Trust.
 

���
        
IJ���������xy��&:I���
    �     K
O
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
���������������������������������������~{xur]^
]^
]^
]^
]]]V
]]U
]]U
]]V
]]U
]]]]]]
V
]^
c
V
]^
c]c]]]]V
]]]]]]]cU
]cU
]cU
]cU
]c]c
U
]^
c
U
]^
cU
V
]^
c
U
]^
c,�
�
�
������ 
%���XYMS~��HI9 : 
; 
)#*#�%�%�%?(@([(\(�*�*�*j,k,$-%-&-B-L-�1�1�1�1������������������������������������������������������]]]]V
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]^
]]]V
]]V
]]]]]^
]]]]]]V
]]]]]]]]V
]]6�1i2j2k2`4i4x4�4�4�4�5�5�5�5�5;;;�?�?�?�B�B�D�D�E�E�E�GH�H�H�H�HBIFIKISI�I�I�I�I�I�J�J�J�JNKRK�K�K�K�K7L�����������������������������������������������������]]]V
]]V
]]]]]]V
]]]]]V
]]V
]]]]]]]]]]]V
]]V
]]]]]]]]]]^
]]]V
]]V
]]V
]]]]]57L;L�L�LYMZM�M�M�O�O�O�O{S|S}S�S�S�W�W�WoXpXqX�Y�Yu^v^w^�`�`�`�`cc
  
c3c4cQeVe�e�e�e�eff�f�f�f�f�i�i�i�i����������������������������������������������������]^
]]]]]]]]]]]]]V
]]]c
V
]^
c]c]]]]]]]]]V
]]]]]]]]]]^
]]]]]]]V
]]]]V
]]V
]4�i�iAmBmCm�p�p�p�p�pUqVqbtctdtHvIvJv�w�w�w�w�x�x�x�x�x"{#{N{O{�}�}
�
�U�V�+�,����Y�Z�[�[�n�s�{�����������������������������������������������������������������]]]]]]V
]]V
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]V
]]]]]]]]^
]]]V
]]]]]]]]]]]]]^
]^
]]]]]]]^
6��:�;�����z�{�|�\�]��������������1�2�������Ԣ���������������������;�<�@�A���������.�/�0�9�:�;������������������������������������������������������������]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]V
]]]]]]]^
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]V
]]]]]7��������9�B�m�n�������w�x�����j�k���������
��������K�L������������������Q�R�     �
�0�1���������     
��q�r�������������������������������������������������������������]]]]]]^
]V
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]V
]]]]]]]]]V
]]]]^
]6������}�~�������������

�����������������&�8����������������� 
�$�Y�a�������������������������������I�J���������������������������������¿������������������������]]]]]]V
]]]]]V
]]]]]]]]V
]]V
]]]^
]^
]]]]]]V
]]]]]V
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]^
6���������
��.�/�/�0�E�^�����������N�O���������#�$�������e�m�����������������������

$
%
G
L
M
#
&
I
J
������������������������������������������������������]]V
]]]V
]]]]]]^
]]]]]]]]]V
]]V
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]V
]]]]]]V
]]]]V
]]]6J
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
-
.
/
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�"
�"
�"
*#
+#
$
$
4'
5'
+
+
+
�,
�,
W-
m-
q0
r0
s0
�0
�0
���������������������������������������������������]^
]^
]]]V
]]]]]]]]]]]]]^
]]]V
]]]]]]]]]]]]^
]]]
V
]^
c
V
]^
c]c]c]c]]]]]]]]]]3�0
�5
�5
�5
�5
�5
w7
x7
y7
�7
�7
�;
�;
�=
�=
�=
\?
]?
?
�?
�?
�?
�?
�?
�B
�B
�B
C
C
�C
�C
�C
�C

E
E
PH
QH
[J
\J
&N
'N
5P
6P
vR
�R
�T
�T
�W
�W
�X
�X
�X
�X
�]
�]
H^
�������������������������������������������������������]]]]]^
]]]]]]V
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]^
]^
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]V
]]]]]]]]]]7H^
I^
�_
�_
�_
�_
Aa
Ra
�c
�c
�e
�e
f
f
f
f
f
����������������]c]c]c]]]]]]V
]]]]^
]]]�
      ���
�
�
������I: ; 
���������������������}��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
��
�
�

�

�
��

��
;
 
�%�%�*�*%-&-j2k2�5�5�5;;�?�?�E�EH�I�I�J�����������������������
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�JZM�O�O|S}S�S�W�WpXqXv^w^c
      
c4c�f�i�i�iBmCm����������������������
�
�
�
�
�

�
��
��
���
���
���
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
Cm�p�p�pctdtIvJv�w�x�x�xO{

���Z�[�����{�|��������������������}w��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
8�
���
���
��
��
��
��
��
���
���
|���������2����������<���/�0�:�;�������n��������������������~x��
��
���
���
��
��
�
�0��
�0��
��
��
�0��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
n����������������������������~��������������������������}���
���
���
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
���
��������������������������������J�����0�������������������������
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
��O�����$�������������
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�������������������z��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
���
���
��
��
���
���
�
���
���
���
�
�
�
�
�
.
/
�
�
�"
�"
+#
5'
+
+
r0
s0
�0
�5
�5
x7
y7
�=
�=
�B
�������������������������
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�
�

�
�B
�B
C
E
QH
\J
'N
6P
�T
�W
�X
�X
�]
�_
�_
�c
f
f
f
��������������������
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
��
�
�
�f
��f
�(c
��������9�

K@��Normala
    "A@���"Default Paragraph 
Font��@
��
���� �FMicrosoft Word 6.0 Document
MSWordDocWord.Document.6�9�q