http://www.bartleby.com/65/bu/Bullitt.html
The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000.
Bullitt, William Christian
(bl�t) (KEY) , 1891�1967, American diplomat, b. Philadelphia. A member of
the American delegation to the Paris Peace Conference following World War I,
he was sent by President Wilson on a secret mission to Russia. When his
report favoring recognition of the Communist government was rejected, he
resigned and later bitterly attacked the Versailles Treaty before the
Senate. After 12 years of private life, he was made special assistant to
Cordell Hull and served (1933�36) as first U.S. ambassador to the USSR.
Later he was ambassador to France (1936�40), ambassador at large in the
Middle East (1941�42), and special assistant to the Secretary of the Navy
(1942�43). He served (1944�45) as a major in the Free French army under
Charles de Gaulle. 1
See his The Great Globe Itself (1946); For the President, selections from
his diplomatic correspondence with President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, ed.
by O. H. Bullitt (1972); biography by B. Farnsworth (1967).
====
http://www.booknotes.org/transcripts/50061.htm
Author: David Fromkin
Title: In The Time of Americans: The Generation That Changed America's Role
in the World
Air date: October 22, 1995
***
LAMB: William Bullitt?
FROMKIN: William Bullitt is a minor character who appears a great deal in
the book because he almost always seemed to be there when big things were
happening. There are people like that, people who are there where -- you
know, where the action is. He was such a person. He was very bright, maybe
the brightest man in his class at school, in a class that had a lot of
bright people in it at Yale. He's charming. He's good-looking. He was from a
wealthy family that was related to everybody, and he was glib and fast. He
wanted very much to be involved in the big decisions, and so he was.
Throughout much of the first half of the 20th century, if you look at what
was going on, Bill Bullitt was there. I had found that -- and I'm not alone
in this -- that it makes for a more interesting book for you as a reader --
for me as a reader -- if there is some character whom you can follow through
the action year after year and year, see things through that person's eyes.
Bullitt is that, in many ways, for this book. I can follow him because he
was there.
LAMB: How did you find out about him, and is there new information in the
book?
FROMKIN: There's information that isn't generally known. There are no
secrets in the book that are revealed. Indeed, that would not be possible.
The Bullitt papers are no longer even here in this country, nor are they
available for scholars.
LAMB: Where are they?
FROMKIN: In Ireland in a locked trunk, I am told.
LAMB: Why?
FROMKIN: The person who owns them took them there and has left them there.
LAMB: Who owns them?
FROMKIN: His daughter. But I was not in contact with her. And the papers, by
and large, had been available at Yale years ago, and they were seen by
scholars and so I was able, from secondary sources, to read those papers.
And sure, I'd heard about him from time to time before setting out to work
on the book. But when I found him everywhere -- and he was a witty man -- a
witty, charming interesting man -- it was kind of fun to follow events
through his eyes.
LAMB: Who made him ambassador to France and ambassador to Russia?
FROMKIN: Franklin Roosevelt did. He didn't know Roosevelt particularly
well -- there's some question whether he really knew him at all before
Roosevelt ran for the Presidency in 1932. But Bullitt made it his business
to establish connections with Roosevelt, to volunteer his services and he
met Roosevelt about a month or two before the elections and impressed
Roosevelt with his fast mind and his extraordinary knowledge of European
politics. And Roosevelt gave him a few jobs that he did very quickly when
Roosevelt was elected and then he became ambassador first to Russia, then to
France.
LAMB: You say at the end, though, he wrote a book that wasn't very nice to
FDR
FROMKIN: He was embittered at the end. And the really bitter book, however,
was the one he did with Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis; the
book the two of them did together on Woodrow Wilson. That was the President
that Bullitt really felt betrayed by.
LAMB: How?
FROMKIN: Bullitt, then a very young man in 1919, was sent by the American
delegation to the peace conference. He was sent on a mission to the new
Bolshevik Communist government of Russia to Lenin to see if somehow the the
Western allies could make a deal with Lenin. He was sent on this mission --
he understood that it was Wilson who had sent him. In any event, Wilson
seemed to authorize that trip. Bullitt went; he came back with an awfully
good deal. I mean, if that deal had been made -- a big "if " Lenin had kept
it would have been a very advantageous deal from the point of view of the
United States and Britain and their allies. So Bullitt -- very proud of
himself. He was a young man in his late 20s and trusted with this very
important mission. He did it. He came there. He succeeded. He came back. He
expected a hero's welcome and instead Wilson simply disavowed him. When
afterwards Wilson also seemed to abandon his political principles by making
agreements at the peace conference contrary to what his liberal young
supporters thought he would agree to, Bullitt had an opportunity to say that
Wilson not only betrayed him personally, William Bullitt, but Wilson had
betrayed his ideals and had betrayed a whole generation of liberal young
Americans who had followed the President and idolized him and had worshipped
him.
-----Original Message-----
From: Linda Minor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Sunday, April 30, 2000 11:41 AM
Subject: Re: [CTRL] Hitler/Duke Of Windsor Link
>The best source I have found for the day-to-day activities of the Duke and
>Duchess is Charles Higham's "The Duchess of Windsor: The Secret Life."
>After the abdication, they had to live on their investments since neither
of
>them had any idea what the word "work" meant. That means they were totally
>dependent on the party who handled their investments for them, since they
>were more or less cut off from his family, and Wallis was an orphan, raised
>by her uncle (who himself had handled investments in Baltimore for members
>of the royal family), who had left her very little.
>
>>From Higham, beginning p. 279:
>"Money was a continuing problem for the Windsors. Their $21,000 a year,
>though the equivalent of over $100,000, was barely enough to sustain their
>extraordinary standard of living. The duchess's addiction to jewelry
>required constant satisfaction. Her clothes still had to be originals by
>Mainbocher, Schiaparelli, Chanel, or Molyneux. The duke auctioned off his
>entire herd of shorthorn cattle, grazed at his High River, Alberta, ranch,
>for a total of $10,000. That helped a little, and the investing skills of
>Eugene Rothschild helped more. Ironically, much of the Windsors's money
was
>invested in the Jewish-owned Lyons' Corner Houses, a popular chain of what
>would today be called fast-food restaurants in England. These were
>enormously profitable and popular, and the income from them substantially
>improved as time went on.
>
>"On November 11 [1938?] the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, returning from
a
>vacation in east Africa, flew to Paris and joined the Windsors for lunch at
>the Hotel Meurice. They went for a drive and stopped by the Eugene
>Rothschilds' for tea. During the evening they dropped by a new house which
>the Windsors had just rented and were fixing up: an imitation Louis XVI
>residence owned by the Italian Countess Sabini, situated at 24 Boulevard
>Suchet. They would retain this elegant and charming house for many
>years....
>Early in February [1939], Victor Cazalet, an old friend, visited the
>Windsors in Paris. They told him that the duke would have gone to see
>Hitler himself if Chamberlain had not. He noted that the duke still adored
>Wallis and that she had him under her complete domination...
>"In those early months of 1939 the duke asked Walter Monckton to make
>inquiries at 10 Downing Street as to how Chamberlain would react to his
>returning with the duchess for a short visit. [the P.M. replied that the
>time wasn't right yet.]
>"On February 22 French Premier Edouard Daladier spoke at a Washington's
>Birthday dinner at the American Club in Paris at which the Windsors were
>present. Introduced by a beaming William C. Bullitt, who stressed that the
>U.S. would not'start a war with any nation,' Daladier spoke of permanent
>peace in Europe despite the fact that Italy was mustering on the border of
>Libya and French Tunisia. Only 16 days later Hitler annihilated the
>Czechoslovak state. And on May 8, in the wake of that annihilation, the
>duke, with Wallas at his side, broadcast on NBC from a country inn in
>Verdun...; his message was a plea for peace. Although he claimed that his
>brother the king, who was now on his way to Canada and the U.S. for a
>goodwill tour, approved this ill-timed address, nothing could be further
>from the truth. In fact, the BBC flatly refused to relay it. During the
>king's tour Nazi-controlled Sean Russell, head of the IRA and an admirer of
>the Windsors, planned and almost brought off an assassination of the royal
>couple as they took the train from Windsor, Ontario, to Detroit.
>Simultaneously, serious consideration was given to the possibility of
>sending the Duke of Gloucester to Australia in the Duke of Kent's place.
>
>"On June 11, with great boldness, the Windsors went to a dinner party at
the
>home of Count Johannes von Welczek, the German ambassador to France, with
>whom they had been friendly for many years....Aside from the Windsors,
there
>were, among dozens of well-known names....members of the royal house of
>Monaco....Ambassador Bullitt and the famous society beauty Mrs. Harrison
>Williams completed the list....The prominent political journalist Pertinax
>observed that many pro-Nazis and admirers of Mussolini's regime used the
>party, as they used many similar events, to improve their connections on
>behalf of fascism. Anything went in the glamorous and corrupt atmosphere
of
>Paris in those days....
>
>"...On August 29 the duke sent a telegram to Hitler, followed by one to
King
>Victor Emmanuel of Italy, urging both to intercede in the interest of
>securing peace. Even as Hitler marked into Poland, the fuhrer sent a
>telegram in response, saying that England was responsible for the situation
>and that 'if war came' it would be England's fault....
>
>"War broke out on September 3. The Windsors' position was extremely
>delicate. If they remained in France, they ran the risk that the Germans
>would kidnap them as accomplices in a plan for the duke to resume the
>British throne. On the other hand, if they fled to the U.S., it would
>reflect appallingly upon them and would suggest that they were cowards.
The
>only alternative was to go to England....There was already afoot in England
>a disorganized series of movements allegedly bent upon overthrowing the
>throne in the interests of fascism should Britain be invaded and sue for
>peace. These included the Link, which was headed by Sir Barry Domvile,
>former chief of naval intelligence; it was made up of a group of right-wing
>and reactionary politicians and their hangers-on. Two other such groups
>were the Right Club and the Nordic League, the latter headed by Archibald
>Maule Ramsay, an anti-Semitic member of Parliament for Peebles and Southern
>in Scotland. These were largely eccentric frondes, with no common
>leadership and rather scattered resources, but it was well known that if
>Britain were attacked they would do everything to encourage a general
laying
>down of arms and the setting up of a puppet state. Churchill would be put
>under house arrest and the royal family exiled to the Bahamas. (Churchill,
>with great dark humor, would instead send the Windsors there)....
>[The Windsors refused to fly to London since Wallis never flew, and were
>eventually transported by surface transportation from Paris to Sussex,
>England.] "On September 14, without the duchess, the duke went to see the
>king....The duke said he would 'prefer the Welsh appointment.'...Queen Mary
>refused to see the duke, and by royal instruction he was not permitted to
>visit the Duke of Kent.
>
>"Within 24 hours, the Welsh appointment was withdrawn for obvious reasons
on
>the advice of Vansittart. The very fact that the duke wanted it was
>sufficient cause for it not to be given.....
>"It was decided that the duke would proceed to France as major general.
>Actually, the duke never officially accepted the position, but two
>advantages can be seen in the decision to make the French appointment.
>First, it would get the duke out of the British Isles. Second, it would be
>possible for agents of the Secret Intelligence ervice to keep an eye on him
>while he performed various assignments, including the formulation of
reports
>on French military weaknesses....
>[Windsors departed on September 29 for France but did not move back into
>their boarded-up house. They checked into the Trianon Palace Hotel in
>Versailles.]
>"While the Windsors made sure their contributions to the war effor were
>publicized, it was typical of their impudence and almost humorous
perversity
>that the first person they saw, entertained, and visited in Paris was
>Charles Bedaux. One would have thought even the minimum of common sense
>would have urged them to avoid any such encounter, in view of the fact that
>Bedaux, whether guilty of Nazi collaboration or not, was under constant
>surveillance by the Secret Intelligence Service. The fact that Fruity
>Metcalfe organized the meeting makes one wonder about his motives....
>"On October 14 Gamelin gave an elaborate luncheon for the duke at the
>military headquarters at the Chateau de Vincennes. The duchess was not
>present; no wives were there. Meanwhile, the duchess decided to reopen her
>house after all. Astonishingly, she entertained Charles and Fern Bedaux at
>that address, which took a great deal of nerve.....
>
>"On October 17 the duke arrived uninvited at the Gort headquarters in
Arras;
>though asked not to do so because of the security situation, he joined his
>brother Gloucester in inspecting the troops. Unfortunately, according to a
>United Press release on Jan. 8 of the following year, he wore suede shoes
>with his uniform. He also infuriated Gloucester by returning a salute to
>which it was his brother's privilege to respond. As a result of this, plus
>the fact that he had behaved improperly in arriving as he did, the duke was
>forbidden any further visits to the British front line. On October 26 he
>made a further tour of the French troops. But as the war began to look
more
>serious and German attacks were expected, he was increasingly deactivated
>and sent to places where there was even less information to be obtained
>which could be of use to the enemy. He spent most of his time in Paris,
>where Gray Phillips, an experienced staff officer, had arrived to take up
>the role of the duke's aide and comptroller. Providing Phillips's services
>was a gesture by the palace, but the fact that the duke was in the outer
>darkness was further indicated when neither War Minister Hore-Belisha nor
>King George contacted him when they came to France in November and
>December."
>
>++++
>That brings us up to the date the letter would have been written. Even if
>the letter was authentic, what is it supposed to prove? After only a few
>more months in Paris, the Windsors were offered the appointment as Governor
>of the Bahamas, to which they were escorted. But it's not really known
>whether the duke and duchess were acting on behalf of the Brits there, or
>whether they were reacting on the suggestion of others to get back at the
>Brits. It is my theory from reading the entire book and other research
that
>the duchess was the one who was receiving orders from her own sources and
>was manipulating her husband. I think their primary motive in everything
>they did was to get the biggest return on the investment of what assets
they
>had acquired. That means they were acting on behalf of investment bankers
>like the Paris Rothschilds and by Robert R. Young in the U.S. and his
>associates. Here is an excerpt which begins in Higham's book at p. 386:
>
>"On August 4, 1945, John Balfour, who was now acting charge d'affaires in
>Washington, made arrangements for the duke to meet Pres. Truman at the
White
>House. Balfour was still in the anti-Windsor camp in London and had been
>privy to all the many encoded documents relating to the couple. He liaised
>with Adolf A. Berle in keeping a constant watch on the couple. [Within a
few
>days Truman had agreed to drop the bombs on Japan.]
>
>"Two nights later Robert and Anita Young came to dinenr with Wallis and the
>duke. Balfour's purpose in having the duke stay with him was to keep an
eye
>on him. The Youngs showed their true colors that evening. Balfour wrote
in
>his memoirs, 'They all seem to be oblivious of Nazi misdeeds and seem to
>feel that if Hitler had been differently handled war might have been
>avoided.'
>
>"It was in that period that Young, always weaving in and out of the
>Windsors' lives, assumed a temporary predominance. Let us pause for a
>moment in the narrative to consider this remarkable individual. From 1937
>he had been in virtual control of Alleghany. This had been Wallis's first
>investment favorite; her Warfield uncles had managed to secure her some of
>the proferred stock issued in a storm of controversy by the banker J.P.
>Morgan, who was a chief investor for King George VI and Queen Elizabeth at
>the time they were Duke and Duchess of York. Alleghany stock was among the
>few to survive the Wall Street crash. Young had risen higher and higher,
>keeping Wall Street in a constant state of turmoil as he fought the
>investment banks and Capitol Hill to plunge forward with his wild and
>reckless schemes for a multibillion-dollar railroad empire that would link
>the nation coast to coast without a need for changing trains. His
>particular obsession was Chicago, where travelers had to stop, often for a
>whole night, before proceeding to the West or East Coast....
>
>"The Windsors were intoxicated by Young. In particular, the duke, who
clung
>to the past of his youth, longed to see the railroads combat what would
>undoubtedly be the postwar rise of commercial domestic airlines; because of
>her only partly conquered fear of flying, a well as her love of trains,
>Wallis also found Young a crusader and a hero. The Windsors decided to
>invest substantial sums in Young.....
>
>p. 396:
>"When the ship docked, the Windsors were met by Robert and Anita Young.
>Young was still locked in his continuing battle to obtain ultimate control
>of the New York Central Railroad; questioned by reporters, both Young and
>the duke denied that royal money was invested in the struggle. It was a
>futile denial.....
>"...The party went off according to plan. The official hostess ws the
>wealthy Mrs. Sailing Baruch, sister-in-law of Bernard Baruch [head of the
>Board of Economic Warfare]. At a certain stage during the evening the New
>York playboy Jimmy Donahue turned up...
>
>"The Windsors had not met Donahue before. Orlando introduced them. Slim,
>oval-faced, with slicked-down hair, Donahue was a remarkable personality.
>His mother, Jessie, with whom he lived at 834 Fifth Avenue, was the
daughter
>of the billionaire Frank Woolworth; Barbara Hutton was her cousin. [There
>follows sordid tales of their connection with Donahue, a flaming
>"queen".]..."In February 1947 the Windsors found a temporary escape from
>this ghastly liaison and traveled to Florida, where the Youngs joined them
>at the Horse Shoe Plantation, Tallahassee, owned by the millionaire banking
>heir George Baker and his mother, Edith...Surprisingly, they returned to
the
>hated Bahamas to stay with friends of the Baker family, the explorer Arthur
>Vernay and his wife, at Los Cayos.
>
>p. 403:
>"The Windsors' new lawyer was the remarkable Maitre Suzanne Blum. Then
>Madame Paul Weill, she was the sister of Andre Blumel, a lifelong friend,
>law partner, and associate of France's former premier, Leon Blum. Blumel
>had been administrative assistant or chief de cabinet in the Socialist and
>Russian-allied Blum administration during Edward VIII's reign. A convinced
>left-winger, he was, like Blum, Jewish. During World War II, when Leon
Blum
>was improsoned...Suzanne Weill and her husband managed to reach New York,
>where she altered her name to Blum....From the moment she established her
>law practice in Paris after 1945, Maitre Blum began acquiring a remarkable
>list of clients. Many of these were prominent figures of the film
industry;
>others were leading figures of the French aristocracy.
>
>[Then follows a tale about how the Duke of Windsors memoirs were written
and
>published by Henry Luce and Time/Life. During this time Robert Young,
>George Baker and Kenneth de Courcy (who had property in La Croe, France)
>decided to sell and move holdings to U.S. The memoir writing continued
>until the beginning of 1950 when the Windsors began an extensive tour of
New
>York, Florida, Louisiana, Texas and Mexico on the private railroad car of
>Robert Young.]
>
>++++
>It's my opinion that this is the most telling part of the book. Robert
>Young was in complete control of the Windsor investments. It was a
>co-dependent relationship that existed. Without their money he had no
>power; without his skill they had no income. The railroad stopping points
>show what they owned--the assets of the railroad. If one follows the
boards
>on which Young sat and his associates, it will lead to what other
>investments were made of the Windsor assets. The question is: what
>happened to these assets when the Windsors died? Who owns these
investments
>today, since they had no children and were angry with all their collateral
>relatives apparently. Would there have been some agreement made about that
>by the investor? Was Robert Young merely an agent of their good friend
>Eugene Rothschild in Paris?
>
>++++
>That brings us back to the recently discovered letter. What does it really
>mean, if anything?
>
>Linda Minor
>
>
>
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: William Shannon <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
>Date: Saturday, April 29, 2000 11:36 PM
>Subject: [CTRL] Hitler/Duke Of Windsor Link
>
>
>>DUKE OF WINDSOR
>>"TRIED TO PASS MILITARY SECRETS TO HITLER"
>>SAYS NEW BOOK.
>>by David Icke
>>The Duke of Windsor, who abdicated in 1936 to marry the American divorcee,
>>Wallis Simpson, gave military secrets to Adolf Hitler, a new book claims.
>>
>>The author, Martin Allen, claims to have a letter written by the Duke to
>>Hitler, dated November 4th, 1939, two months after the start of the war.
It
>>begins "Dear Mr. Hitler" and is signed "EP" - Edward Prince, a term which
>the
>>Duke sometimes used.
>>
>>The letter talks about a tour of the French frontline, which the Duke had
>>made for the British military high command and he asks Hitler to pay close
>>attention to information which the man taking the letter to Berlin had
>>memorised. This man was Charles Bedaux, a pro-German spy and a friend of
>the
>>Duke.
>>
>
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DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER
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CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic
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and 'conspiracy theory'�with its many half-truths, misdirections and outright
frauds�is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects
spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRL
gives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers;
be wary of what you read. CTRL gives no credence to Holocaust denial and
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Let us please be civil and as always, Caveat Lector.
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