WJPBR Email News List [EMAIL PROTECTED] Peace at any cost is a prelude to war! 000650. Air Force confirms finding O'Grady F-16 wreckage SARAJEVO (AFPN) -- U.S. Air Forces in Europe officials confirmed April 28 that wreckage found by a de-mining team in Bosnia and Herzegovina is from the F-16C piloted by former U.S. Air Force Capt. Scott O'Grady. A Serb missile shot down O'Grady's aircraft June 2, 1995, during Operation Deny Flight. The pilot was rescued near the crash site five days later by a U.S. Marine search and rescue team. A survey team from the international Stabilization Force, known as SFOR, arrived April 19 in the northwestern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina to secure and document the wreckage site. The findings were sent to headquarters USAFE at Ramstein Air Base, Germany April 24 for verification. News of the discovery prompted SFOR to dispatch an explosive ordnance disposal team from Multinational Division Southwest. A second team of specialists from Multinational Division North was later deployed to investigate and survey the site. The SFOR survey team determined the wreckage was that of an F-16 and sent the documentation to USAFE for positive identification. The survey team found several large pieces of the wing and airframe, but most of the wreckage consisted of small metal fragments. (Courtesy of USAFE News Service from the SFOR Coalition Press Information Centre) 000650a.gif and 000650a.jpg Members of the international Stabilization Force survey team sift through the wreckage of the F-16C piloted by former U.S. Air Force Capt. Scott O'Grady. (Air Force photo) 000650b.gif and 000650b.jpg Wreckage of the F-16C piloted by former U.S. Air Force Capt. Scott O'Grady. (Air Force photo) 000650c.gif and 000650c.jpg A piece of the wreckage from the F-16C piloted by former U.S. Air Force Capt. Scott O'Grady. (Air Force photo) 000651. Edwards 'flies' perfect test aircraft via modeling, simulation by Ray Johnson Air Force Flight Test Center Public Affairs EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. (AFPN) -- Imagine a plane that never burns a drop of fuel, never calls for extended maintenance downtime and never needs clear blue skies to fly anytime, anywhere. Undoubtedly, it would be perfect for the Air Force testing community. Imagine no more; such a plane exists now in the form of a virtual F-22 Raptor that soars only on computers. A recent addition to the F-22 modeling and simulation program, known as the Advanced Flight Propulsion Data Validation/Analysis System, is being used here and at Arnold Air Force Base, Tenn., to further reduce data turnaround time, lower cost and enhance data quality. With the Air Force emphasizing streamlined aircraft acquisition, major test centers are evolving new paradigms for cost and knowledge sharing when developing aero-propulsion systems. One such area: designing modeling and simulation tools to support ground- and flight-test propulsion operations. By using this new system, Edwards' Air Force Flight Test Center and the Arnold Engineering Development Center will soon be able to make quick, accurate predictions of in-flight propulsion system characteristics. Such capabilities would lead to significant reductions in propulsion test matrices, thus shortening overall test time and enhancing safety. "We believe modeling and simulation can achieve these goals, which would improve quality all the way around," said Allan Webb, chief of AFFTC's Propulsion Integration Branch. This validation/analysis system, which is about half way through a three-year development phase, is actually two programs. One involves flight testing being done at AFFTC while the other covers ground testing at AEDC. Edwards performs in-flight developmental testing of installed propulsion systems while Arnold conducts ground-based altitude developmental testing of current and future propulsion systems. And though both units have their own particular requirements, they achieve it in similar fashion: validating parameters, which can run from a couple of hundred to several thousand for each test. Currently, propulsion testing for the F-22 has about 1,200 instrumentation measurements. The flight-test data portion of that is validated solely by reviewing -- in real-time -- a subset of parameters during a test mission. However, an engineer with current control-room automation tools can only observe about 300 of 500 parameters gathered by telemetry. Plus, when instrumentation is found to be non-operational during a more detailed post-test analysis, it's often too late to regain the information needed, which means re-flying the mission -- a costly redundancy. But the new data validation system, when fully developed, "will fill a void in the current data acquisition process," said David Kidman, lead propulsion engineer for the F-22 Combined Test Force, or CTF, here. How? By reducing re-fly requirements due to faulty instrumentation. "This software allows a basic scan of all raw data (during modeling and simulation tests) to ensure quality prior to release for further analysis," Kidman explained. Like Edwards, Arnold is hoping the system proves successful in reducing testing elements such as cycle time. Just 10 years ago, it sometimes took a month to process and validate all collected propulsion data. Since that time, it's been reduced to one to six hours. But with this new system, "we will be able to do it in real time," said Dr. Don Malloy, lead propulsion engineer for the data analysis test team at AEDC. "Obviously, we are trying to catch anomalies as they occur." Development of this new system has depended on Edwards and Arnold working together as an alliance. It has delivered "an example ... in which all test centers must work together, applying coordinated test techniques and planning to give the F-22 program the most cost-effective and efficient support," said Col. Craig Christen, AEDC director of operations. And as for the overall F-22 program, modeling and simulation has played a big part in steadily proving that the Raptor will, indeed, become the next-generation air-superiority fighter. It's a continuous cycle where pilots go up knowing what to expect due to modeling and simulation predictions. Test data is then compared to the models, which are then tweaked to further mature the system. "If you look at the magnitude ... of how we've integrated modeling and simulation into our test process, it really is revolutionary," said Col. C.D. Moore, F-22 CTF director here. "It's a very refined process." Moore added that his crew will use updated models to make further predictions "as we step out of the envelope" during flight testing. And this summer, when the CTF begins flying Raptor 4003, the newest F-22, at higher speeds and also completes future structural load testing, that data will be analyzed to judge the predictable capability of models and will be adjusted accordingly. But even with the success of modeling and simulation, Webb is quick to point out that you can never take away flight test entirely. There are just too many unknowns, he explained. "A modern engine is just too complicated to simulate the extremes of an engine operating in all regions of the flight envelope," he said. "It's just too much of a task right now. "However, with the modeling and simulation technology being developed during this program, engineers should be able to simulate enough of the envelope to significantly improve test planning and conduct and greatly enhance test safety." 000649. $1 million AFRL contract will strengthen law enforcement ROME, N.Y. (AFPN) -- Applying state-of-the-art information technology to selected law enforcement agencies will enable the Air Force to measure the benefit of linking those police agencies. This the focus of research under a $1 million contract between the Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate and SM&A Corp. of Vienna, Va. The "Central New York Law Enforcement Network Demonstration Project," a nine-month effort valued at $1,088,663, will link police agencies in the New York cities of Rome and Utica, and the village of New Hartford. Also participating in the program will be the Madison County Sheriff's Department, the Oneida County Sheriff's Drug Enforcement Task Force and the Oneida County District Attorney's Office. "Computer networking software will be made available to these agencies in an effort to measure the positive effects technology can have on the law enforcement community," said Patrick K. McCabe, program manager in the directorate's Information and Intelligence Exploitation Division. "The centerpiece of the demonstration system will be a computer-aided dispatch records system planned for the Utica Police Department," said McCabe. "The other participating agencies will have access to this centralized local database, as well as enhanced access to the National Crime Information System and the New York State Police Information Network." Each of the participating locations will be provided with high technology "booking station" capabilities, including photo imaging and computerized reports and forms. The actual database and record management system will be maintained at the Utica Police Department. Funding for the program is primarily through The National Institute of Justice. Air Force funds will be used for a portion of the contract designed to develop computer forensics software that will assist investigators in recovering data deleted from a computer used in the commission of a crime. That technology could also be transferred from the military to civilian law enforcement agencies. (Courtesy of AFRL Public Affairs) 000655. Command change, troop visits draw Cohen to Europe by Linda D. Kozaryn American Forces Press Service MUNICH, Germany (AFPN) -- Whenever his schedule permits, Defense Secretary William S. Cohen makes time to visit U.S. forces in the field. His latest trip to Europe was no exception. "It gives me a chance to go out and meet with the troops," the secretary told reporters on the way to Munich. "It's a big morale booster for them, and it is for me as well." Cohen and his wife, Janet Langhart Cohen, left Washington April 30 for a three-day trip to Germany, Belgium and Kosovo. The main reason for the trip, Cohen said, was to herald Air Force Gen. Joseph W. Ralston as commander in chief, U.S. European Command, and as NATO supreme allied commander Europe and to bid farewell to Ralston's predecessor, Army Gen. Wesley K. Clark. Ralston, former vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, his wife, Diane, and several family members joined Cohen on the Sunday trans-Atlantic flight aboard an Air Force passenger jet. In the next few days, Cohen told reporters, he would visit Kosovo and then attend change-of-command ceremonies at U.S. European Command in Stuttgart, Germany, and at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe in Mons, Belgium. He would board Army helicopters in Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and visit Camp Bondsteel and Camp Monteith in Kosovo. This trip is the secretary's third to the Balkans in nearly 11 months. Cohen first traveled to Kosovo in June 1999, shortly after the end of NATO's air campaign. He last visited in December, accompanied by a USO group of celebrities and entertainers. Even so, Cohen said, "I don't get there frequently enough. I try to go whenever I'm in the region," he said. "But you can never go too many times." This trip, Cohen said he and Army Gen. Henry Shelton, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, would meet, greet and address the troops. He also planned to confer with Army Brig. Gen. Ricardo S. Sanchez, Task Force Falcon commander, for an "eye-to-eye assessment" and a "local feel" of how the peacekeeping mission is progressing. About 6,100 U.S. troops are in Kosovo. Another 450 are in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and 10 are supporting mission logistics from Greece. Cohen said visiting troops in the field enables him to learn firsthand what they think and need. He's then in a better position to make judgments and respond to members of the administration and Congress when he returns to Washington. Maintaining peace in Kosovo is a major undertaking for NATO-led forces deployed there, Cohen said. Checkpoints are manned 24 hours a day. Force protection missions are undertaken throughout the week. Military aircraft fly hundreds of missions. At present, violence continues to erupt among the residents, Cohen said, but compared to two years ago, the NATO peacekeepers have made much progress. Two years ago, Serb forces were purging ethnic Albanians from the province, and one year ago, he said, NATO was in the middle of an air campaign against Yugoslav military targets. Today, Serb forces are gone, NATO peacekeepers are in place and violence is declining, he noted. More than a million refugees have returned, Cohen said, as evidence of the mission's achievements to date. NATO forces have confiscated about 20,000 weapons. The Kosovo Liberation Army has reorganized and the Kosovo Protection Corps has been formed. The level of crime has dropped dramatically from 50 murders a week to five, Cohen said. "Still too many," he noted. While nearly two-thirds of the international police slated to deploy to Kosovo are in place, more help is needed, he said. "We need to have more judges, more courtrooms, more civilian-run institutions organized by international institutions." 000652. Air Force Services brings quality of life to the field by Capt. Roger Burdette Air Force Services Agency Public Affairs TYNDALL AIR FORCE BASE, Fla. (AFPN) -- Airman 1st Class Jamaal Cottrell is an Air Force Services specialist, and he's not asking for much. Just, "Give us a little respect," he said. And another thing: Call it a "dining facility." The term "chow hall" is degrading, according to Cottrell. Cottrell is one of more than 450 competitors participating in Readiness Challenge VII April 29 to May 5 here. Readiness Challenge is a war-skills competition for specialists in the Civil Engineering, Services and Chaplain fields. Cottrell is part of a 32-member team representing the U.S. Air Force Academy. In his two and one-half years in the Air Force, Cottrell, who's assigned to the 820th Red Horse Squadron at Nellis Air Force Base, Nev., has traveled the globe supporting Air Force operations. When Hurricane Mitch -- the most deadly Atlantic storm in 200 years -- blasted Central America in 1998, he went to Guatemala to support humanitarian efforts. In Guatemala, he set up exercise equipment, televisions and VCRs and board games for fellow service members. He also shuttled people to local amusement parks. When the Air Force embarked on Operation Allied Force in 1999, he deployed to Albania. He's also traveled to Germany and Haiti. In his experience, he says that many people tend to take Services' contributions to the Air Force's mission for granted. "They don't appreciate us until they go out into the field and they're hungry for a hot meal. Then they say, 'Hey, why don't you hook me up with a nice, hot meal -- and a couple of extra scoops of mashed potatoes,'" the Chicago native said. Food services is one of Air Force Services' five primary roles. The other primary responsibilities are lodging, laundry, fitness and recreation, and wartime mortuary affairs. Without the services of Services, morale suffers, said Cottrell. Master Sgt. Jeff Garnand, a 15-year veteran of Air Force Services, agreed. "We bring quality of life to the field," he said. Garnand, is from the 48th Services Squadron at Royal Air Force Lakenheath, United Kingdom, which is representing U.S. Air Force's in Europe at Readiness Challenge. He said that within 24 hours of the start of Operation Allied Force in 1999, his services unit deployed to Aviano Air Base, Italy -- the first Services unit to arrive, he said. The first thing people deployed to Aviano wanted were hot meals, Garnand said. "They don't want to eat MREs (meals ready to eat) and cold sandwiches every day." Maj. Gary Handley is the chief of readiness at the Air Force Services Agency in San Antonio and the Readiness Challenge VII Services project officer. He took a more philosophical approach to explaining services' contributions to the Air Force's mission. "It really gets back to Maslow's theory," he said, referring to Abraham Maslow, a psychologist and sociologist who published a theory of human motivation in 1943. According to Maslow, humans typically do not find true contentment -- which he called "actualization" -- until a series of lower-level needs are met. The most basic of needs that must be met, according to Maslow, are physiological, such as hunger, thirst and shelter. "If in wartime you're worried about where you're going to sleep, what you're going to eat and how good it's going to taste, how effective are you going to be able to do your wartime mission of flying, fighting, turning a wrench or whatever?" Handley said. The answer, he suggested, is "not very." As far as he's concerned, "You can't deploy without Services," Handley said. After all, as Cottrell said, "Warfighters are normal people, too." 000653. Space Command headquarters dedicated in honor of Air Force space pioneer PETERSON AIR FORCE BASE, Colo. (AFPN) -- Air Force Space Command honored retired Air Force Gen. James V. Hartinger April 28 by renaming the command headquarters building the Hartinger Building. Hartinger was the commander in chief of the North American Aerospace Defense Command from 1980 to 1984. He led the way to the establishment of space as a separate Air Force operational command and was its first commander. He also contributed to the design of the building that now bears his name. "We are here today to honor a great airman, a true visionary, a warrior, a commander, a leader'" said Gen. Ed Eberhart, AFSPC commander, as he presided over the dedication ceremony. "Long after General Hartinger is gone, long after we are gone, generations of airmen will pass in and out of this building and we hope to spark their vision, spark their commitment, their energy by the example set by General James V. Hartinger." Hartinger's wife, Mickey, spoke on behalf of the Hartinger family. "The dedication of this building is truly an honor and it's a wonderful tribute to my husband, General James V. Hartinger." The general was unable to attend the ceremony due to illness. The dedication included the unveiling of the building's new sign and a presentation of a replica of the new sign to Hartinger's family. A display in the building includes photographs and significant memorabilia representative of the general's life and achievements. (Courtesy of AFSPC News Service) 000654. Commentary: Keeping safe during hot weather by Maj. (Dr.) Eric M. Chumbly 59th Medical Wing LACKLAND AIR FORCE BASE, Texas (AFPN) -- Air Force members all over the world are called upon to operate in a variety of strenuous conditions. In particular, many have to cope with heat on a daily basis. A variety of medical conditions may plague these folks, including exertional heat illnesses and overhydration. Understanding these problems and how to prevent them requires a knowledge of the body's way of regulating heat, water, and sodium balance. During heavy exercise, the human body can generate ten to twenty times the amount of heat that it does at rest. Since only 20 percent of that heat is used to do work, the rest must be dissipated. That extra heat is transferred from the core of the body (mainly muscles) to the skin, where it can be released to the environment. Because heat transfer is accomplished by increasing blood flow to the skin, it is vital to keep up the blood volume, which means keeping up hydration. In addition, evaporation of sweat is the body's major mechanism for heat dissipation while exercising. Sweat is composed mainly of water, with a small amount of sodium. Dehydration therefore clearly robs the body of its ability to cope with heat stress, and increases the risk of heat illness. In fact, a fluid loss of 1 percent of total body weight can increase the body's core temperature. Common exertional heat illnesses include heat syncope, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke. Heat syncope usually refers to fainting that occurs at the end of some event (such as a difficult march or race) because of improper cool-down. It may also occur if individuals stand for prolonged periods in a hot environment without moving the legs. It is not dangerous, and is easily treated and easily prevented. Treatment is simple; lie down, elevate the legs, cool off in the shade, and drink cold fluids. Prevention is better; stay well hydrated and keep walking after exertion. Acclimatization, the body's process of becoming accustomed to working in the heat, is also important to prevent heat syncope. Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke are conditions of water and often sodium loss. Heat cramps represent the least dangerous of these conditions. They typically occur during or after intense exercise in the heat and usually involve the legs. Sodium is lost in the sweat, and is further diluted in the blood if plain water is used to replace fluid losses. Heat cramps usually resolve with rest, cooling down, and massaging the affected muscles. Prevention involves acclimatization to heat and staying on top of fluid and salt status before exercising. The most important thing to note about heat cramps is that they may signal a worse heat illness. Heat exhaustion is more complex and more dangerous. Victims continue to sweat, become weak and lightheaded, and may become somewhat confused. Temperatures may range from slight elevation to a high fever, but not as high as with heatstroke, which may show temperatures of more than 104 degrees Fahrenheit. The problem is generally a combination of sodium and fluid loss in sweat without enough replacement. Treatment involves rest, cooling, and appropriate rehydration. Cases of heat exhaustion should be treated in a medical facility where sodium can be measured and fluid can be replaced at the right rate. Again, prevention involves acclimatization and good hydration practices. Heatstroke is a medical emergency in which the body's cooling mechanisms are overwhelmed. Dehydration and lack of acclimatization usually contribute. The appearance of a heatstroke patient ranges from moderate confusion to coma and a high body temperature. Victims almost always continue to sweat; many people believe that sweating has stopped in the case of heatstroke, but this is seldom true. Because heatstroke can rapidly progress to collapse of vital organ systems, these patients need immediate treatment in a medical facility. Treatment may be complex, based on initial temperatures and sodium balance, but always involves rapid cooling. Prevention is the same as the other exertional heat illnesses. The flip side of dehydration is overhydration, or simply drinking too much water too quickly. When sodium is lost in sweat, and water is drunk as a replacement fluid, the sodium remaining in the blood can be diluted. Hyponatremia, or low blood sodium, generally happens after drinking too much plain water (over a quart and a half per hour) over several hours. Slightly low levels of sodium are fairly common in distance runners, and usually go unnoticed. However, the sodium level may become profoundly low in overhydration, and cause problems throughout the body. Because fluid balance is intimately tied to sodium, hyponatremia can lead to damage of certain kinds of tissues in the body. Changes are most noticeable in the nervous system, where seizures, coma, and even death can result. Recognizing overhydration is challenging because it may appear so much like exertional heat illnesses. Early symptoms are vague, and include confusion, nausea, fatigue, muscle cramps, and weakness. Worse cases can include vomiting, muscle twitching, delirium, seizures, and coma. Differentiation from heat stroke or heat exhaustion can be difficult, even for trained medics. The main point is that heat stroke, and frequently heat exhaustion, include a high temperature, whereas overhydration does not. The final diagnosis must be made at a medical facility, where appropriate treatment can occur. If all this talk about hydration and sodium balance sounds intimidating, relax. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends drinking about a half a quart two hours prior to exercise. A quart and a half is the absolute highest volume to drink per hour. The maximum amount to drink in a 24-hour period is 12 quarts. Remember that hydration is an ongoing process. Waiting until exercise has begun to begin drinking is a little like jumping out of a plane and then thinking, "well, I really ought to put on a parachute." It's too late. Good hydration is indicated by urinating a full bladder four times a day, urine that is light yellow (unless using vitamin or mineral supplements, which can darken the urine), and lack of thirst during exertion. Deviation from these may mean that hydration is poor, and drinking should be increased. The best sodium level is maintained by eating a balanced diet, which contains plenty of salt for the majority of people. It is important not to skip meals during periods of intense activity, because the salt taken in both replaces the sodium lost in sweat and aids the absorption of water, thus making rehydration after exercise more effective. What is the best thing to drink? While water is usually the right fluid for hydration, sports drinks containing sodium and carbohydrates should be used whenever doing heavy work for an hour or more in hot conditions. The same applies if meals have not been or will not be eaten for four to six hours. Because sports drinks may taste better than plain water, they may be more likely to be consumed in proper amounts. Exertional heat illnesses and overhydration remain a threat for anyone who must work in hot conditions, but they are very much preventable. These simple guidelines go a long way toward safe operations in the heat: Drink enough water throughout the day to cause the bladder to fill four times. Drink a full quart an hour (plus or minus a quarter quart) during heavy exercise in hot conditions, never more than a quart and a half an hour, and never more than 12 quarts a day. Do not skip meals if you can help it. Drink a sports drink whenever doing strenuous work in the heat for over an hour, or if unable to eat regular meals. And put on a parachute before exiting an airborne plane. **COPYRIGHT NOTICE** In accordance with Title 17 U. S. C. Section 107, any copyrighted work in this message is distributed under fair use without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for nonprofit research and educational purposes only.[Ref. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml ] Want to be on our lists? 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