-----Original Message-----
From: yair davidi <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Wednesday, 21 June 2000 09:19
Subject: Semitic Celts
Extract from "Lost Israelite Identity" by Yair Davidy
>Chapter Seventeen
>THE ISRAELITE AND NORTH AFRICAN LINKS OF THE INSULAR CELTS IN THE LIGHT OF
LINGUISTICS. The Question of Alphabetical Lettering.
>
> The Irish legends are compatible with Israelite origins. They presuppose
having originally come from the Middle East AND often speak of arriving in
Spain via North Africa. A Moroccan Jewish legend1 says that when the Ten
tribes were exiled part of the tribe of Ephraim reached Morocco. They ruled
over the land until the time of Ezra (ca.457-445 b.c.e.) at which period
their rule was lost. In many respects North Africa and Spain in early
times were often effectually one entity.
> The Irish, Scottish, and Welsh, and many of the ancient Britons and Gauls
spoke forms of Celtic. Celtic is considered an Indo-European tongue related
to Latin. The Celts apparently received the Indo-European aspects of their
language and culture from peoples they had conquered on the Continent
before continuing their westward trek. Linguistic examinations of the
speech of the Welsh and Irish reveal a form of Celtic in which there is an
underlying speech element similar to that found in North Africa. North
African languages are classified as "Hamitic". Egyptian and Berber are
Hamitic tongues. They have an affinity with Semitic languages and local
dialects in various parts of the Middle East occasionally exhibit Hamitic
features. Aspects of Hamitic speech are also found in Biblical Hebrew but
they are not emphasised. Most of the ancient Canaanite peoples adopted a
language similar to Hebrew though both Indo-European and Hamitic languages
must also have been known to them . The Phoenician use of Hebrew has
characteristics of a foreign tongue adopted by them2. There also exist
Arabic dialects which are Hamitic or reveal a Hamitic substratum. Not only
that but the impression is that much of the difference between Hamitic and
Semitic is more one of emphasis than of substance. Dialects of Hebrew
within the Land of Israel could well have absorbed Hamitic elements.
> Insular British Celtic tongues, especially colloquial Welsh, says
W.H.Worrell3, show certain peculiarities which are reminiscent of Hamitic
and Semitic tongues and are unparalleled in Aryan languages. Similarly,
according to H.Wagner:
>
> "Irish..has as many features in common with non-Indo-European languages,
especially with Hamito-Semitic languages, as with other Indo-European
languages"4.
>
> "Insular Celtic languages.. the grammatical categories having many
affinities with non-Indo-European languages, in particular Basque and
Berber"5.
>
> "The comparative typology of insular Celtic initiated by Morris Jones
and further developed by Pokorny, G.B.Adams, and myself has revealed that
most of the many peculiar features of insular Celtic rarely traceable in
other Indo-European languages have analogies in Basque, Berber, Egyptian,
Semitic, and even in Negro languages"6.
>
> "Certain features [(of marginal influence only)] of Old Irish verb
forms can be understood only in the light of Hittite, Vedic, Sanskrit, and
Mycenean Greek"7.
>
>J.Morris Jones said that,
>
> "The pre-Aryan idioms which still live in Welsh and Irish were derived
from a language allied to Egyptian tongues"8.
>
> The above linguistic remarks show that Insular Celtic (i.e. of Britain
and Ireland as distinct from the Continental forms which were somewhat
different) is consistent with the claims proposed herein: i.e. The original
tongue of the Insular Celts was Semitic (Hebrew) which marginally was
influenced by Mycenean Greek, Hittite, Indo-European (Sanskrit), Syrian,
Mitanni, and what not. Heavy Hamitic influences may be attributable to
those of some of the neighbouring peoples, such as the Canaanites, and
Egyptians, and to having sojourned in a North African environment. In
addition, the natives of Spain amongst whom the Insular Celts or a good
portion of them once dwelt, traded with, and fought against, were also at
least in part of North African Berber related Hamitic origin. This
explanation may sound involved and complicated but it accords with the
evidence when archaeological, anthropological, mythological, and linguistic
findings are compared with each other. At all events the natives of Ireland
and Wales must have used a Hamitic and/or Semitic tongue(s) before they
came into contact with Continental Indo-European ones.
>
>
>HEBREW IN WELSH???
>
> It was seen above that Irish and colloquial Welsh definitely have some
type of underlying linguistic base that must only derive from Middle
Eastern (Semitic) and/or North African Hamitic sources. This conclusion was
derived from the quoted opinions of linguistic scientists still active in
their field today.
> It so happens that in the past there were others who held similar
opinions but went further than their present-day continuers care to. They
expressly related Celtic tongues to Hebrew!!!
> A writer who signed his name "Glas" submitted a list of Welsh words with
Hebrew origins in 1832 . The writer remarked that,
>"But the best proof of the Eastern descent of the ancient British is the
close resemblance and connection existing between the Welsh and Hebrew
languages, even at this day. As a proof of this we have extracted the
following vocabulary of words in both tongues, so closely resembling each
other in sound and sense as to leave no doubt whatever on the subject.
Many of these words, it will be found, have been transmitted from the
Welsh, through the Anglo-Saxon into our modern English. It would be easy to
swell their number..
>
>Some of the examples adduced by the above writer were:
>
>Aeth: He went, he is gone; hence = Athah
>Aml: Plentiful, ample = Hamale ((����
>Ydom: the earth = Adamah
>Awye: air, sky = auor, or
>bu: it came to pass = bo
>boten, or potten : belly = beten.
>brith: bright = barud
>cas: hatred = caas (anger).
>dafnu: to drop, or distill by drops = nataph, taph.
>
> In 1675 Charles Edwards ("Hanes y Fydd") published A number of Welsh
Cambro-Brittanic Hebraisms in which he shows that whole phrases in Welsh
can be closely paralleled by whole phrases in Hebrew.
>
> From the list of Charles Edwards, L.G.A. Roberts (1919) made a selection
and we have selected examples from Roberts after slightly modernising the
Hebrew transliterations : It should be noted that when account is taken
for likely and known dialectical changes of pronounciation the examples
given in effect show identical Welsh parallel phrases for the Hebrew
original.
>
>In Welsh: Gael hedd (Gen.31;47) meaning Geledd i.e. heap of testimony= in
Hebrew (����) : Galaed.
>
>In Welsh: Bagad meaning "A troop cometh ?" (Gen.30;11) = in Hebrew ( :
(���Bagad.
>
>In Welsh : Anudon meaning "Without God" = in Hebrew (��� ����) : Aen
Adon.
>
>In Welsh : Yni all sy dda meaning "I am the Almighty God" (Gen. 17;1) =
in Hebrew: ((��� �� ��� : Ani El Saddai.
>
>In Welsh : Llai iachu yngwyddd achau ni meaning "Let him not live before
our brethren" (Gen. 31;32) = in Hebrew ( �� ���� ��� ����� ) Loa yichei
neged acheinu (Gen.31;32).
>
>In Welsh Ochoren ballodddi hoc-dena meaning "After I am waxed old shall I
have pleasure?" = in Hebrew : (���� ���� ���� �� ���� ) Acharei belothi
hedenah (Gen.18;12).
>
>In Welsh Bebroch fra am beneu ach ef, dyfet Deborah mam ianceth Ribecah
meaning "When he fled from the face of his brother . But Deborah Rebecca's
nurse died" (Gen. 35;7-8) = in Hebrew : (����� ���� ���� ���� ���� �����
����) Beborcho mpnei achiv vetamath Deborah mayneceth Ribecah.
>
>In Welsh: Yngan Job yscoli yscoli cynghaws i (Job 6;1,2) meaning "Job
answered, O that my grief were thoroughly weighed" = in Hebrew: (����
����...���� ���� ����) Veya(g)n Eyub ....shocol yishocal ca(g)si
>
>In Welsh: Amelhau bytheu chwi a bythau holl ufyddau chwi meaning "And
they shall fill your house and the houses of all your servants" (Gen. 10;6)
= in Hebrew (����� ���� ���� �� �����) : Umalu bathechoh and bathei col
avedochoh.
>
>In Welsh Iachadd ni meaning "Thou hast healed me" = in Hebrew ( (������ :
hechiyatni.
>
>In Welsh Nesa awyr peneu chwi meaning "Lif thou up the light of thy
countenance" = in Hebrew (��� ��� ����) : nasa aor panechoh.(Psalms 4;6.).
>
>In Welsh An annos meaning "None did compel" = in Hebrew ((��� ��� : ain
ones. (Esther 1;8).
>
>In Welsh As chwimwth meaning "an angry man" = in Hebrew (��� ���) :
ish chamas (Psalms 140;12 Proverbs 16;29 meaning a wickedly-violent man).
>
>In Welsh Be heulo, luerferfo (Job 6;4) meaning "When his candle shined
..... and by his light.." = in Hebrew (����� ..�����) : behilo, leoroe.
>
>In Welsh Bwgythieu in gwarchaeni (Job 6;4) meaning "The terrors of God
set themselves in array against me = in Hebrew (����� ���� �������) :
Biu(g)thi elohai ya-a(g)rchuni.
>
>In Welsh I far meaning "Shall be cursed" = Hebrew (����) : Yu-ar, yuv-ar.
(Numbers 22;6).
>
>In Welsh Am geryddo fo meaning "At his reproof" = in Hebrew (�� �����) :
im ge-arato.
>
>Godfrey Hughes "The Celtic Druids" (1829) quotes from a certain Welsh
Translation of the Bible in which similar examples as the above are
apparent:
>
>In Welsh By-lllwng Adon-ydb holl neuodh Jago meaning "The Lord has
swallowed up all the tabernacles of Jacob" (Lamentations 2;2) = Hebrew
(��� ����......�� �� ���� ����) : Balla(ng) Adoni eth col neoth Yacob.
>
>In Welsh Dyrac buth-hi ai-i-sengyd meaning "The avenue of her dwelling he
would go to tread" (Proverbs 7;8) = Hebrew (��� ���� ����) : Derech
baithah yitsa(ng)d.
>
>In Welsh Py yw-o sy maeloc y-cavad I-a-ywoo savwyod yw-o maeloc y-cavad,
Selah meaning "Who is the king of glory [attainment]? The LORD of hosts ,
he is the king of glory. Selah" (Psalms 24;10) = Hebrew (�� ��� �� ���
����� �~ ����� ��� ��� ����� ���) Mi hu zeh melec hacavod Y....Tsavaoth
hu melec hacavod selah.
>
>
>The affinity between Hebrew and Welsh was mentioned by a certain Dr.
Davies (amongst others) and in the preface to his Welsh Grammar there was
a poem to the effect that:
>
>�He gladly deigns his countrymen to teach,
>By well-weigh�d rules, the rudiments of speech ;
>That when the roots first of our own we gain,
>The Hebrew tongue we thence may soon attain .
>
>The Rev. Eliezer Williams (b.1754) wrote several works on the Celts and
made several remarks (quoted by Roberts p.23):
>
>"In the Hebrew...which the ancient British language greatly resembles...
>"The roots of most of the ancient British, or real Welsh, words may be
regularly traced in the Hebrew..
>"Scarcely a Hebrew root can be discovered that has not its corresponding
derivative in the ancient British language...But not only..the
words...their variations and inflections afford a much stronger proof of
affinity...The plural number of nouns likewise is often formed in a
similar manner in the Celtic by adding in (a contraction of ��: i.e.-IM
which is the suffix used in Hebrew to form the masculine plural)...in the
formation of sentences, and in the government of words...the same syntax
might serve for both.....
>
> Davies in "Mythology of the Ancient Druids" (p.94) asserts that
"Taleisin, the chief Bard, declares that his lore had been detailed in
Hebraic..."
>
> It follows from all the above that though the language of the British
Celts may have superficially conformed to an Indo-European type it had
enough Semitic and Hebraic features to confirm the notion that Hebrew had
been their original tongue. This explanation fits best all of the facts in
our possession taken from all disciplines concerned with the subject.
>
>
>
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